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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The protective effect of the sympathetic nervous system against acoustic trauma.

OBJECTIVE: the cochlea is innervated by the sympathetic nerve fibers. However, the functions of those fibers in the cochlea are still controversial. The present study was designed to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) exerts a protective or enhancing effect on acoustic trauma. METHODS: acoustic overstimulation (either of 110, 115, or 130 dB SPL for 10 min) was performed in guinea pigs during electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral cervical SNS, after its surgical elimination or in the non-treated condition. The threshold shift of the compound action potential (CAP) from the pre-exposure value was measured at 1 h and at 1 week after acoustic overstimulation. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were completed for the SNS conditions and the frequencies. RESULTS: although no significant difference was found at 1 h after overstimulation among these three groups, the CAP threshold shift at 1 week (110 and 115 dB SPL) was significantly smaller in the SNS stimulation group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSION: a protective effect was observed in the SNS stimulation group 1 week after the exposure to acoustic overstimulation of moderate intensity (from 110 to 115 dB SPL for 10 min).

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

The distribution of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein I (CRABPI) and cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBPI) during molar tooth development and eruption in the rat.

The distribution of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABPI) and cellular retinol binding protein (CRBPI) was studied in a series of prenatal and early postnatal rats, covering the main stages of development and eruption of the molar teeth. CRABPI positive cells were found in the mesenchymal cells of the dental follicle from the cap stage and in the dental papilla from the early bell stage. In the dental papilla, CRABPI positive cells were situated adjacent to the enamel organ in the cervical loop region and in the subodontoblastic region. Newly formed odontoblasts were CRABPI positive for a short period of time. The enamel organ was CRBPI and CRABPI negative, except for the presence of CRABPI positive cells in the internal enamel epithelium over the tip of cusps and in parts of the stratum intermedium. During root formation, CRABPI positive cells were found in the developing periodontal ligament, in the dental papilla adjacent to the epithelial root sheath and in the subodontoblastic zone. During crown formation, CRBPI positive cells were mainly localized to the mesenchymal cells of the dental papilla during the cap stage of crown development. The periosteum of the developing mandible contained CRABPI positive cells while some osteoclasts appeared to show a weak but positive reaction to CRBPI. The findings were considered in terms of the possible significance of retinoid-binding proteins during tooth and bone development.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

In vitro comparison of topical microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission.

A standardized protocol was used to compare cellular toxicities and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activities of candidate microbicides formulated for human use. The microbicides evaluated were cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), Carraguard, K-Y plus nonoxynol-9 (KY-N9), PRO 2000 (0.5 and 4%), SPL7013 (5%), UC781 (0.1 and 1%), and Vena Gel, along with their accompanying placebos. Products were evaluated for toxicity on cervical and colorectal epithelial cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and macrophages (MPhi) by using an ATP release assay, and they were tested for their effect on transepithelial resistance (TER) of polarized epithelial monolayers. Anti-HIV-1 activity was evaluated in assays for transfer of infectious HIV-1 from epithelial cells to activated PBMCs and for PBMC and MPhi infection. CAP, Carraguard, PRO 2000, SPL7013, and UC781 along with their placebos were 20- to 50-fold less toxic than KY-N9 and Vena Gel. None of the nontoxic product concentrations disrupted the TER. Transfer of HIV-1(Ba-L) from epithelial cells to PBMCs and PBMC and MPhi infection with laboratory-adapted HIV-1(Ba-L) and HIV-1(LAI) isolates were inhibited by all products except Carraguard, KY-N9, and Vena Gel. KY-N9, Vena Gel, and Carraguard were not effective in blocking PBMC infection with primary HIV-1(A), HIV-1(C), and HIV-1(CRF01-AE) isolates. The concordance of these toxicity results with those previously reported indicates that our protocol may be useful for predicting toxicity in vivo. Moreover, our systematic anti-HIV-1 testing provides a rational basis for making better informed decisions about which products to consider for clinical trials.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1983

[Combined pericervical and intramuscular administration of prostaglandin for the termination of pregnancy in the 2d and 3d trimester].

In 64 patients with pathological pregnancies (missed abortion, molar pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death, fetal malformation, maternal disease) termination of pregnancy was induced by local application of PGE2 by means of a portio cap and subsequent intramuscular application of Sulproston. In 21 women 1,5 mg and in 43 2,25 mg PGE2 or more were used for cervical priming. In 21 cases expulsion of the fetus could be obtained during or shortly after the priming procedure. In the remaining 43 women Sulproston was administered on the following day with a starting dose of 200 mcg and 100 mcg subsequently at two hours intervals up to a total dose of 500 mcg. With the exception of 3 cases this led to the expulsion of the products of conception. In the remaining 3 patients abortion was obtained on the third day by additional Sulproston-application. The mean expulsion time was 6,3 +/- 2,1 hours, being significantly lower when the fetus was not alive compared to viable pregnancies. Side effects during the priming procedure were only observed in 3 cases; the total rate of side effects was 57,8% and the incidence of use of analgetics 51,5%. The softening effect of locally applied prostaglandins apparently adds in an advantageous manner to the strong contractile effects of Sulproston resulting in shorter expulsion intervals, lower total dosage of prostaglandins and a reduction of the incidence of side effects and the use of analgetics.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

Sperm immobilizing effect of triterpene saponins from Acacia auriculiformis.

A mixture of two partially triterpenoid saponins (Tg), isolated from Acacia auriculiformis was tested for sperm immobilizing activity by using in vitro system. The lowest concentration (ED) required for an obvious immobilization of human sperm by using a modified Sander-Cramer test was found to be 0.35 mg/ml in physiological saline. The ability of the compound as a sperm immobilizing agent was compared with that of Triton X-100 and found to be more potent. Cervical mucus penetration test was also performed and the ED successfully prevented sperm entry in human cervical mucus. Supra-vital staining with eosin-nigrosin indicated death of the treated sperm. Electron microscopic study of Tg-treated sperm showed plasma membrane disintegration and dissolution of acrosomal cap which is presumably the cause for the spermicidal effect of the saponins. No permanent lesion was observed after application of 1.25 mg/ml Tg solution in physiological saline to the eye of rabbits for ten consecutive days.

Acacia↗
PubMed2000

Cervical myelopathy due to an osteochondroma in a 73-year-old female. The oldest case in the literature.

An osteochondroma is a common developmental tumor of bone characterized by abnormal peri-physeal ectopic enchondral ossification. This results in a cartilage-capped subperiosteal bony projection, which may be either sessile or pedunculated. These lesions are said to grow until skeletal maturity. The cartilage cap is thought to become thinner as the patient ages beyond skeletal maturity. Apparent growth beyond skeletal maturity may be a sign of malignant conversion, usually to a chondroma. Osteochondromas are usually appreciated in the first decades of life, and are most commonly located in the extremities, usually in the knees, ankles, or wrists. Clinical complaints generally relate to the mass effect of the lesion. Solitary osteochondromas of the axial skeleton are less common and may present with a neurological deficit. We report on such a case, in a woman significantly older than other cases described in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Solitary osteochondroma of the cervical spine.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss a case of cervical spine osteochondroma found incidentally during evaluation of a rib injury. To demonstrate diagnostic imaging, including plain film radiography, radionuclide bone scan, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. CLINICAL FEATURES: This article presents the second reported case of osteochondroma associated with the C6 vertebral body. The classic imaging features of exostosis and a cartilaginous cap were identified. The osteochondroma was confluent with marrow of the C6 articular pillar. A biopsy was performed for confirmation of the lesion's histological character. INTERVENTION: Surgical resection was performed to remove the osteochondroma. CONCLUSION: Clinical examination, radiological evaluation and advanced diagnostic imaging helped detect and characterize an incidental cervical spine mass.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2001

Cloning and characterization of a tumor-associated antigen, beta-casein-like protein.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1C5 reacts with 87% of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and bovine beta -casein, but not with squamous cell carcinoma. To clarify the characteristics of the antigen (beta-casein-like protein; BCLP) recognized by MAb 1C5, molecular cloning was performed using 5' rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (5' RACE) and the oligo-capping method. The protein predicted from the cDNA consisting of 937 nucleotides comprises 222 amino acids. The BCLP gene and deduced amino acid sequences were novel and showed no similarity to known cancer-associated genes in the database. Northern blot analysis showed that a 1.1 kb transcript was ubiquitously expressed in cancer cell lines and was predominantly expressed in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma. To clarify the function of BCLP, BCLP cDNA was transfected into L929 cells, resulting in a significant increase in cell area, a downregulation of cell growth rate and a decrease in cell attachment. We conclude that BCLP might be associated with cell morphology and a regulation of growth pattern of tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Perforated peptic ulcer. A further application of laparoscopic surgery.

A case of perforated peptic ulcer in a patient with cervical myelopathy due to osteophyte cervical canal stenosis complicated by the sudden onset of abdominal pain is described. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a perforated peptic ulcer in the anterior wall of the duodenal cap. Laparoscopic treatment was suitable for this condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Postpartal serum bilirubin levels in the newborn after induction of labour with "prostaglandin cap" or oxytocin (author's transl)].

In the course of a prospective study the development of Serum bilirubine levels was controlled in 90 neonates. In 30 cases labour had been induced by means of intravenous oxytocin infusion, in a further 30 cases by means of local peri-cervical prostaglandine E2 (PGE2)-application. The control group consisted of 30 children, with spontaneous onset of labour. Anamnesis, duration of gravidity, course of labour and method of delivery were the same in all groups; the neonates were all treated the same. The serum bilirubine was determined fotometrically with the Greiner Selective Analyzer GSA II on the 1st, 3rd and 5th post partum day and the results assessed by the multivariant analysis according to Newman-Keuls. No differences were found between the PGE2- and the control group, the bilirubine values of the oxytocin groups were significantly higher (p less than 0.001). Icteric neonates with serum bilirubine values of greater than 12 mg% were found more than double as often in the oxytocin group than in the PGE2- group (7:3). The results indicate, that for labour induction by pharmaceuticals, local application of PGE2 by means of a portio cap should be favored over intravenous oxytocin administration.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1987

Sympathetic control of blood flow to AVAs and capillaries in nasal and facial tissues supplied by the internal maxillary artery in dogs.

Total blood flow and perfusion pressure (PP) of the internal maxillary artery (IMA) were recorded bilaterally during electrical stimulation (8 V, 2ms) of the right cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies (f) of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Hz in anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated dogs. Distribution of IMA-FLOW to precapillaries (CAP-FLOW) and arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA-FLOW) was determined by the tracer microspheres technique. During electrical stimulation (ES) IMA-FLOW was affected only unilaterally and decreased in a hyperbola-like fashion with the increase of f, while contralateral IMA-FLOW remained unchanged. Systemic blood pressure as well as PP of both IMA remained unchanged while heart rate was only increased during ES at maximal f. The reduction of IMA-FLOW was mainly due to marked vasoconstrictor responses of the AVAs, which were already attained at low f while significant vasoconstrictor responses of precapillaries occurred at higher f and were less pronounced. The early response of AVAs to increasing sympathetic activation enables IMA-FLOW to be adjusted in a physiological range of sympathetic activities, before CAP-FLOW is substantially reduced. The predominance of AVA-FLOW in blood flow control of the IMA was also supported by the conformity in their hyperbolic relationship with maxillary resistance at rest and during enhanced levels of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

In vivo changes in roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer materials.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical changes in roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer materials is relatively unknown. This study examined the in vivo wear of these materials using surface roughness as an indicator of wear patterns. METHODS: Ten patients with four cervical abrasion lesions each were selected. The four cavities in each patient were restored with Fuji II LC (GC Corp., Japan), Vitremer (3M Dental, USA), Photac-Fil (ESPE, Germany) and Fuji Cap II (GC Corp., Japan). After light-curing, the restorations were polished and left uncoated. Silicone impressions were made of the surface of each restoration after polishing, and then at 3 monthly intervals up to 24 mon after restoration placement. Gold-coated resin replicas were made from the impressions for surface wear evaluation. Quantitative assessment of wear was performed by measuring surface roughness with a confocal microscope for topographical reconstruction of the specimen surface. The effect of material at each time period was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with exact non-parametric inference. Rugosity, as determined by the center line average, was determined by image analysis. SEM images of the same surfaces provided the qualitative analysis. RESULTS: All restorations showed a cyclic distribution of rugosity with time as demonstrated by lowess plots. There were significant differences between materials at 6, 9 and 18 mon. The rugosity curves appeared to converge at 24 mon. SIGNIFICANCE: It was concluded that the in vivo surface changes in roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer materials is cyclic in nature over the first 2 y.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Binding of a bovine oviductal fluid catalase to mammalian spermatozoa.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species that at low concentration is toxic to sperm. H2O2 inhibits not only sperm viability but also the acrosome reaction, sperm-egg binding, and oocyte penetration. Catalase activates the decomposition of H2O2 into water and oxygen, thus removing an initiator of free radical chain reactions leading to lipid peroxidation. Since the oviduct is known to enhance sperm survival, we hypothesized that it might secrete catalase. We found that oviductal fluid, harvested from washed cells collected at the slaughterhouse, possessed catalase-specific activity that varied during the estrous cycle. Catalase activity increased during the cycle and reached its maximal level just before ovulation (Days 18-20). No significant difference in activity was seen between fluid from the isthmus and that from the ampulla. Indirect immuno-staining of spermatozoa incubated in the oviductal fluid revealed the association of catalase in the region of the acrosomal cap. Addition of a commercial antibody directed against bovine liver catalase completely inhibited catalase activities from the oviductal fluid. Catalase activity was also detected in porcine oviductal fluid, human oviductal fluid, and cervical mucus. Western blots of oviductal fluid probed with the anti-catalase antibody revealed two major bands at 60 and 40 kDa. An immunoaffinity column was used to purify oviductal catalase, showing a unique band at about 60 kDa when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The purified protein was incubated with bovine, boar, and human sperm, and Western blots of these sperm after several washes detected a band at 60 kDa, indicating that the protein was bound to sperm membranes. However, bovine liver catalase did not bind to sperm. Since H2O2 is one of the key reactants in the chain reaction of free radical production, this enzyme may play an important role in sperm survival within the female tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Trauma and the improbable anterior displacement.

There is little doubt that an individual involved in a motor vehicle accident has received some shock, whether blunt trauma or a cervical spinal whiplash has occurred. However, the severity of the trauma and the individual response is unique. Anterior disk displacement is easy to explain to third parties, since the lay concept is a cap (disk) on the condyle that is waiting to be dislodged. It is, therefore, the most frequently diagnosed injury and generally accepted without question. The possibility that this is a pre-existing derangement is discussed, and the requirements for displacement are described.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) during second- and third-molar development in the mouse.

Distribution of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) during the development of the mandibular second- and third-molars of the mouse was studied by indirect immunofluorescence techniques. At the initial stage, NCAM was intensely expressed by the mesenchymal cells surrounding the dental lamina, and by the cap stage NCAM expression by the mesenchymal cells became restricted to the dental follicle. After that, in addition to the follicular mesenchyme, some cells in the basal part of the dental papilla showed NCAM-immunoreactivity for a while after the hard tissue formation had started. During root formation, the follicular cells lost NCAM first from the level of the cervical root and later from the coronal part, while an additional NCAM positive area appeared deep in the dental papilla. Even after the teeth had erupted, NCAM was expressed in the tissue surrounding the apical root and in the pulp core. During the initial and bud stages, the pattern of NCAM expression in the second and third molars was different from that in the first molar, where NCAM was found only after the late bud stage; while from the cap stage onward, it changed in the same sequence as in the first molar. The different pattern of NCAM expression implies that there is a difference in developmental events between the early stages of the first and the other two molars. On the other hand, the common sequence of NCAM expression in the tooth germs later than the cap stage suggests that NCAM plays an essential role in the formation of the basic structure of the teeth and periodontal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Microtopography of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda: Heligmosomatidae): parasitic larval stages and adults.

Specimens of the rat hookworm, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) were recovered from lungs (third- and fourth-stage larvae) and intestine (fourth-stage larvae and adults). The following features were studied in the different stages by scanning electron microscopy: cephalic structures, especially sense organs, synlophe, cervical region, and caudal part. The main differences between the third and fourth stages concerned the lip-like structures around the oral aperture, the appearance of the cephalic space with the presence of a cephalic cap in fourth-stage larvae, the pattern of longitudinal ridges, and sexual differentiation. Pore-like papillae, not seen in third-stage larvae, developed in later stages. Deirids were observed only in adults, and phasmids were poorly discerned. Some of these morphological features, such as the cephalic sense organ apertures and cuticle pores and micropores, can be observed only by scanning electron microscopy. The possible functions of these different structures and their relationship with the behavior of the worms during their life cycle are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Synaptic plasticity in sympathetic ganglia from acquired and inherited forms of ouabain-dependent hypertension.

Altered sympathetic nervous system activity has been implicated often in hypertension. We examined short-term potentiation [posttetanic potentiation (PTP)] and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the isolated superior cervical ganglia (SCG) from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats given vehicle, digoxin, or ouabain by subcutaneous implants as well as in animals with ouabain-induced hypertension (OHR), and inbred Baltimore ouabain-resistant (BOR) and Baltimore ouabain-sensitive (BOS) strains of rats. Postganglionic compound action potentials (CAP) were used to determine PTP and LTP following a tetanic stimulus (20 Hz, 20 s). Baseline CAP magnitude was greater in ganglia from OHR than in vehicle-treated SD rats before tetanus, but the decay time constant of PTP was significantly decreased in OHR and in rats infused with digoxin that were normotensive. In hypertensive BOS and OHR, the time constants for the decay of both PTP and LTP (t(L)) were increased and correlated with blood pressure (slope = 0.15 min/mmHg, r = 0.52, P < 0.047 and 6.7 min/mmHg, r = 0.906, P < 0.0001, respectively). In BOS and OHR, t(L) (minutes) was 492 +/- 40 (n = 7) and 539 +/- 41 (n = 5), respectively, and differed (P < 0.05) from BOR (257 +/- 48, n = 4), SD vehicle rats (240 +/- 18, n = 4), and captopril-treated OHR (370 +/- 52, n = 5). After the tetanus, the CAP at 90 min in BOS and OHR SCG declined less rapidly vs. SD vehicle rats or BOR. Captopril normalized blood pressure and t(L) in OHR. We conclude that the duration of ganglionic LTP and blood pressure are tightly linked in ouabain-dependent hypertension. Our results favor the possibility that enhanced duration of LTP in sympathetic neurons contributes to the increase in sympathetic nerve activity in ouabain-dependent hypertension and suggest that a captopril-sensitive step mediates the link of ouabain with LTP.

Action Potentials↗