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PubMed1992

Vaccination of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) against infection with Schistosoma mansoni.

Pilot experiments were carried out to assess the immunizing potential of radiation-attenuated cercariae of S. mansoni. Groups of 4 monkeys each were vaccinated 4-5 times at 3-5-week intervals using cercariae which had received 10, 20, 40 or 60 krad of gamma radiation. Animals were vaccinated with 1000 or 2000 cercariae per kilogram of body weight. Overall the difference in worm burdens between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was highly significant (P greater than 0.01). The highest level of protection achieved was 44.4%. This was in monkeys which were immunized five times with 2000, 20-krad cercariae at 3-4-week intervals. Protection levels of 33.3%, 36.6% and 37.0% were achieved in groups which had received, respectively, 1000 20-krad cercariae, 1000 10-krad cercariae, 2000 40-krad cercariae and 2000 60-krad cercariae. Vaccination reduced faecal egg counts markedly and intestinal tissue egg counts by 20-40%. Antischistosomular antibody was detectable in vitro 3 weeks after the first vaccination. Schistosomule kill rates of up to 60% were observed in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Primate DRB6 gene expression and evolution: a study in Macaca mulatta and Cercopithecus aethiops.

DRB6 has been found to be transcribed in human and apes. Promoter region and exon 1 come from a 5' LTR from a mammary tumour retrovirus. However, the putative protein structure would be very different to other DR molecules and it is doubtful that it may function as an antigen presenting molecule. Primate DRB6 alleles previously published together with the two new macaque sequences reported here support the existence of a strong selective pressure working on exon 2 to generate stop codons at the end of the exon (between codons 74 and 94) during at least 23 million years. The topology of dendrograms constructed with different primate DRB6 alleles supports the "trans-species" evolution proposed for MHC class I, class II and possibly C4 genes. Finally, DRB6, which is one of the oldest DRB genes, has been lost in the HLA-DRB3 (or DR52) group of haplotypes (DR3, DR5, DR6 and DR8) and a small DRB6 sequence is present at the exon 2 first hypervariable region of DRB4 (or DR53) gene, which is present in DR4, DR7 and DR9 haplotypes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The presence of alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine and carnitine in the epididymis and ejaculate of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus).

The epididymis is the site of posttesticular sperm maturation in the male genital tract. Studies on human epididymides are hampered by the practical inaccessibility of epididymides of healthy men in their reproductive years. The limited use of laboratory animals therefore seems unavoidable. The objective was to establish baseline values of the epididymal markers alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and carnitine in the lumen of the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis and in the ejaculate of adult male Chacma baboons and vervet monkeys. In both primates, alpha-glucosidase was found throughout the epididymis and in the ejaculate; values did not vary significantly. In monkeys, the highest concentration of GPC was found in the cauda epididymidis, but smaller amounts were found in the other regions and the ejaculate. In baboons, GPC was absent from the caput, but present in the other regions, including the ejaculate. Carnitine concentrations increased significantly from the caput to the cauda in monkeys and from the caput to the corpus in baboons. With this study, the relative concentration ranges in which these markers are present in the epididymides of these primates have been established. In future studies, changes in concentrations of these substances would probably indicate changes in epididymal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of artificial intraocular pressure elevation on the corneal endothelium in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus ethiops).

Both eyes of anesthetized vervet monkeys were perfused with mock aqueous humor for 3-7 hours. By adjusting the height of a reservoir connected to the anterior chamber of each eye the intraocular pressure in one eye was maintained at 33-44 mmHg and in the other eye it was a few mmHg above the spontaneous level (12-15 mmHg). Morphologically the control eyes appeared normal, whereas pronounced changes were observed in the high pressure eyes. Thus the corneal endothelium showed an uneven surface towards the anterior chamber with vacuolization, bledding and disruption of the cytoplasm. Pycnosis, excaryocytosis and even loss of whole endothelial cells were observed as well. The morphological changes were most pronounced in the peripheral part of the cornea and furthermore differed among neighbouring cells. During the healing process one could observe mitosis, amitosis and cell surface increase.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Regulatory genes of simian immunodeficiency viruses from west African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).

The high seroprevalence of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in African green monkeys (AGMs) without immunological defects in their natural hosts has prompted consideration of SIV-infected AGMs as a model of apathogenic SIV infection. Study of the molecular mechanisms of SIVagm asymptomatic infection could thus provide clues for understanding the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency viruses. Regulatory genes could be candidates for genetic control of SIVagm apathogenicity. We have characterized Vpr, Tat, Rev, and Nef genes of two SIVagm strains isolated from naturally infected sabaeus monkeys captured in Senegal. The results provide further evidence that SIVagm from West African green monkeys is the most divergent class of AGM viruses, with structural features in long terminal repeat sequences and Vpr and Tat genes that distinguish them from viruses isolated from other AGM species (vervet, grivet, and tantalus monkeys).

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1993

A morphological study of the size of the vascular compartment of the carotid body in a non-human primate (Cercopithecus ethiopus), and a comparison with the cat and rat.

The carotid bodies from 5 adult non-human primates (mean body weight 2.9 kg) were perfusion-fixed at normal arterial blood pressure with 3% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde. Serial 5-microns sections were cut, stained, and, using an interactive image analysis system, determinations were made of the volumes of the carotid body and of its vascular and extravascular compartments. The total volume of the carotid body was, on average 0.21 mm3, the total vascular volume contributing 9.7%. The small vessels (5-12 microns diameter) comprised 5.4% of the total volume of the carotid body, or about 56% of the vascular compartment; these estimates were similar to values obtained for the cat and rat. The mean small vessel endothelial area, per unit of extravascular volume (which is assumed to consist largely of type 1 and 2 cells) was 61.8 mm-1 in the primate and 69.7 mm-1 in the cat. A value was not available for the rat. Estimates of the carotid body tissue specific blood flow were 31, 61 and 104 ml/min/100 g organ tissue in the primate, cat and rat, respectively. It was emphasised that these values were not to be confused with estimates of carotid body specific blood flow based on values for total organ blood flow and the dissected weight of the organ.

Animals↗