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[Caloric intake and distribution of the main nutrients in a population of obese children].

Calorie intake and the main nutrient contents were assessed in a population of 152 obese (OB) children (86 M; 66 F; age 7-11) and 153 normal weight (NW) peers (87 M; 66 F). The following method was used: a) an interview using a food dictionary to assess food intake during the 2 days prior to the study and on one holiday: and b) a weekly questionnaire. The mean food intake of OB did not exceed that of NW, but on the contrary was lower (OB: 1812.9 +/- 39.6 kcal/die; NW: 1928.5 +/- 39.4 kcal/die; p less than 0.05). The population studied consumed approximately 50% of calories as carbohydrates (CHO), 35% as fats (F) and 15% as protein (P), and no difference was noted between OB and NW. The percentage of CHO was lower than that recommended by LARN, whereas the percentages of F and P were higher. A significant increase with age was noted in F and P intake as was a significant reduction of CO. 70% of OB and 80% of NW matched or exceeded the calorie intake recommended by LARN. 30% of OB and 24% of NW consumed 30% less than the daily calorie intake recommended by LARN.

Child↗

[Caloric intake and bone mineral content in obese and normal weight subjects].

Bearing in mind the reports which clearly document the constant dissociation between daily calorie intake from diet, obesity and the positive effects of the mechanical load on bone trophism, the possible correlation between total daily calorie intake of some nutrients (Ca, P and vitamin D) on the one hand, and bone mineral density (BMD) on the other was evaluated in 61 obese women. The results appear to indicate that the higher BMD in obese compared to normal weight subjects may largely depend on the presence of notoriously high estrogen levels which allow a better efficacy and use of dietary calcium.

Adult↗

Methods to assess relative reliability of diet records: minimum records for monitoring lipid and caloric intake.

A total of 252 diet records of 18 outpatients attending a lipid clinic were analyzed by a computer-assisted method to determine the minimum number of daily diet records that would be reliable for monitoring dietary adherence. Each subject recorded food intake in special diaries for 14 consecutive days between two clinic visits. All possible randomly selected combinations of 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 11 consecutive days of records in the 14-day period were analyzed for calories and lipids. Sets of records were said to be within a 95% confidence interval when the information yielded on any parameter differed by 5% or less from the mean values for the entire 14 days' records. All sets of records for 7, 9, and 11 days were in the 95% confidence range; therefore, 7 consecutive days of food recording were considered the minimum requirement for a 95% confidence limit. Out of 11 possible combinations of 4 consecutive day-sets of records, all but 3 sets were within 95% confidence limits. Consequently, 4 consecutive days of records were deemed acceptable as a reasonable compromise for minimal, reliable monitoring of diet compliance in outpatients for the nutrients studied.

Adult↗