Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CYSTITIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Human polyomavirus: lack of relationship of viruria to prolonged or severe hemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplant.

Urine cytology was studied prospectively for the presence of human polyomavirus (HPV) in 17 consecutive patients undergoing marrow transplantation and correlated with hematuria and hemorrhagic cystitis. Of the 15 evaluable patients, nine had cytologic findings consistent with HPV infection during the first month after transplantation. Of these nine patients, two had gross and seven had microscopic hematuria, all without symptoms of cystitis. Hematuria resolved within 30 days of onset, although three patients had persistent cytologic evidence of HPV until 100 days after transplantation. During the follow-up ranging from 8 to 14 months, none of the patients developed hemorrhagic cystitis. Our data do not support the relationship between HPV and prolonged or severe hemorrhagic cystitis previously suggested by others, nor did we see any late onset hemorrhagic cystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cystitis and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an incidental association or an adverse effect?

AIMS: Cystitis, a rare adverse effect of systematically administered drugs, was first reported to be associated with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, tiaprofenic acid, in 1991. Similar reports of adverse effect of tiaprofenic acid were received by a number of national drug monitoring centres. It was therefore decided to investigate the frequency of cystitis associated with tiaprofenic acid and to see whether this association is typical of tiaprofenic acid or also occurs with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. METHODS: The Medicines Adverse Reaction Monitoring Centre has been monitoring drug related events/reactions since 1965. An analysis of the spontaneous adverse reaction reports received at this centre during the period 1965-92 was carried out. RESULTS: Haemorrhagic cystitis was reported to be associated with tiaprofenic acid (n = 3) and indomethacin (n = 3). In addition 11 other reports of haematuria (not associated with any coagulopathy and/or hepatic disorders) in relation to other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen and piroxicam were received. Five patients who were rechallenged with the suspect drug, suffered from recurrence of cystitis/haematuria. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to tiaprofenic acid, cystitis appears to be associated with indomethacin and possibly also with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. An allergic or immunological mechanism is probably responsible for this reaction. Although our centre received the first report of cystitis in relation to indomethacin in 1966, judging by the number of reports received, this association appears to be poorly recognised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Tiaprofenic acid as a cause of non-bacterial cystitis.

OBJECTIVE: To draw attention to a relationship between the taking of tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) and the development of severe non-bacterial cystitis. DESIGN: Seven case reports. PATIENTS: Six women and one man aged between 62 and 83 years with severe chronic cystitis who were taking tiaprofenic acid regularly for osteoarthritis. Six of the seven had initially been diagnosed as having interstitial cystitis. RESULTS: All patients had classic symptoms and minimal signs on physical examination of chronic cystitis but urinalyses showed sterile pyuria, microscopic haematuria and proteinuria. Their upper urinary tracts were normal. All had severe and diffuse mucosal inflammation noted on cystoscopy, which became more marked with distension. Histological examination of bladder biopsies showed severe acute and chronic inflammation. Symptoms were present for an average period of six months, resulting in great morbidity. All patients recovered completely after the withdrawal of tiaprofenic acid within four to eight weeks (average 5.7 weeks). CONCLUSION: A strong case for a cause-and-effect relationship between tiaprofenic acid and non-bacterial cystitis has been presented and a clinical pattern of disease established. Awareness of this condition is needed to reduce its morbidity in the community and to remove the need for expensive investigations.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Mast cell counts are not useful in the diagnosis of nonulcerative interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: Mast cell counts have been advocated as useful in the pathological diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. To determine the clinical significance of mucosal and detrusor muscle mast cells we quantified mast cells within the lamina propria and detrusor muscle in nonulcerative interstitial cystitis, and various inflammatory and neoplastic bladder diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mast cells from Giemsa stained sections were enumerated from 8 cases of clinically diagnosed nonulcerated interstitial cystitis and 32 control cases having inflammatory or neoplastic bladder disease. Cystectomy specimens from controls also included sections from normal (5) and inflamed transitional mucosa (4) distant from the invasive tumor. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mast cell counts when considered absolutely or relative to the muscle-to-mucosa ratio in cases of nonulcerative interstitial cystitis and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that mast cell counts are not useful in the evaluation of nonulcerative interstitial cystitis and do not represent a diagnostic criterion for inclusion or exclusion of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Participation of TNF-alpha and IL-1 in the pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

The involvement of cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 has been investigated in a mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Male Swiss mice (25-30 g) received CYP in a single i.p. dose of 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg and were sacrificed 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h later. Cystitis was evaluated by determining the changes in bladder wet weight (BW) and plasma protein extravasation (PPE, measured by the Evans blue leakage technique). CYP treatment induced a marked increase in BW and in PPE, which was significant within 6 h and reached maximal values within 12 h (BW, 118%, P < 0.05; N = 11; and PPE, 824%, P < 0.05; N = 11), continuing to be significant until 48 h. Pretreatment of animals with whole anti-TNF-alpha serum (25 or 50 microliters diluted in 500 microliters 0.9% saline, i.p., 30 min earlier) caused a significant reduction in the CYP-induced BW increase in 6-h and 12-h cystitis (82% and 91%, respectively, P < 0.05; N = 6) and in the CYP-induced PPE increase (60% and 52%, respectively, P < 0.05; N = 6). In addition, the administration of whole anti-IL- 1 beta serum at the same dose promoted a significant blockage of the CYP-induced increase in BW (47%, P < 0.05; N = 6) and PPE increase (41%, P < 0.05; N = 6) only in 12-h cystitis. The control serum did not modify the effect of CYP. Histopathologic analysis of the bladders from anti-TNF-alpha- and anti-IL-1 beta-pretreated groups revealed a significant reduction of the following parameters compared to the control groups: mucosal erosion, hemorrhage, edema, leukocyte migration, fibrin deposition and ulcerations. These results suggests that TNF-alpha and IL-1 are crucial mediators involved in inflammatory events occurring in CYP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1997

Urinary chondroitin sulfates, heparan sulfate and total sulfated glycosaminoglycans in interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: We compared urinary glycosaminoglycan levels in patients with interstitial cystitis and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total sulfated glycosaminoglycans assayed by dimethylmethylene blue binding and individual glycosaminoglycans analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis were compared in patients with interstitial cystitis and healthy controls. Also, multiple urine samples were obtained from healthy female controls for 2 months to assess the relationship of urinary glycosaminoglycan and creatinine concentrations, and to determine whether glycosaminoglycan excretion changes during the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Total sulfated glycosaminoglycan and creatinine concentrations correlated well in random voided samples. Menstrual cycle day did not affect total sulfated glycosaminoglycan levels. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis revealed 3 bands corresponding to chondroitin sulfates, heparan sulfate and acidic glycoprotein. Patients with interstitial cystitis had decreased urinary concentrations of each of these individual components and total sulfated glycosaminoglycans. However, glycosaminoglycan-to-creatinine ratios were similar in interstitial cystitis and control urine. CONCLUSIONS: Using these assays total and individual urinary glycosaminoglycan levels normalized to creatinine were not altered in interstitial cystitis.

Chondroitin Sulfates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Eosinophilic cystitis. Report of 4 cases].

OBJECTIVE: The etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic cystitis are discussed. METHODS/RESULTS: 4 cases of eosinophilic cystitis are described. Patient follow-up ranged from 4 to 6.5 years. All patients are currently asymptomatic. Except for one patient who required hospitalization on several occasions due to hematuria secondary to cystitis, the remaining patients had an exceptional episode. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophilic cystitis is an inflammatory condition whose etiopathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Its natural history is usually unpredictable and treatment is rarely effective. Eosinophilic cystitis has been associated with other allergic disorders and has been reported in patients with BPH and carcinoma of the bladder.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Transformation of glandular cystitis into bladder transitional carcinoma with adenocarcinoma areas].

OBJECTIVE: The association of cystitis glandularis with primary bladder tumors is well known. A case of cystitis glandularis progressing to transitional cell carcinoma is described and the literature briefly reviewed. METHODS/RESULTS: We report on a case of diffuse cystitis glandularis in whom progression to transitional cell carcinoma with areas of adenocarcinoma had been discovered. Treatment was by radical cystectomy with urinary diversion. CONCLUSION: Extensive and diffuse cystitis glandularis can be a potentially malignant lesion. Patients with diffuse cystitis glandularis should have a regular cystoscopic follow-up for early detection of progression to a bladder tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

The incidence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: The cause of interstitial cystitis is unknown. We evaluated the incidence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in patients with interstitial cystitis to determine whether such infection may be a causative factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained serum samples from 23 patients with interstitial cystitis and 23 control subjects. Samples were analyzed for the presence of H. pylori IgG antibodies. RESULTS: The incidence of positive tests for H. pylori antibodies was 22% in the interstitial cystitis group and 35% in controls. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of infection with H. pylori is not increased in interstitial cystitis, and so it is unlikely to be a causative factor.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

[Incidence of bacterial cystitis in diabetic dogs and cats at the time of diagnosis. Retrospective study for the period 1990-1996].

Bacterial cystitis is a problem often found among patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Insulin management can be impaired by this condition. Diagnosis and therapy of a urinary tract infection are very important in regarding the possibility of bacteria ascending to the kidneys because in a great amount of diabetic patients the kidneys are already damaged by diabetic glomerular nephropathy. Compared to other patients of our clinic the frequency of cystitis among diabetic dogs (n = 158, cystitis diagnosed in 12.7%) and cats (n = 71, cystitis diagnosed in 9.9%) was already considerably higher when diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in these animals. In this retrospective study female animals were far more affected than males. The diagnosis of cystitis among cats and dogs was most frequent when patients had already been suffering from polydipsia and polyuria for more than four weeks. A division among the dogs depending on the etiology of diabetes mellitus led to the following result: especially patients suffering from Cushing's disease and bitches with progesterone-STH-induced diabetes mellitus--particularly when endometritis or pyometra was found--were running the highest risk of developing urinary infections. The bacterium most frequently isolated in the urine samples was E. coli.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cystoscopic findings consistent with interstitial cystitis in normal women undergoing tubal ligation.

PURPOSE: We test the hypothesis that women without chronic pelvic pain or irritative voiding symptoms do not demonstrate petechial hemorrhages known as glomerulations that are characteristic of patients with interstitial cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort design was used for examination with cystoscopy and bladder distention of 20 asymptomatic women undergoing tubal ligation. Cystoscopy with the patient under general anesthesia was performed to inspect the bladder mucosa before and after distention at 70 cm. of water pressure for 2 or 6 minutes. Photographs of the right, posterior and left of the bladder surfaces taken before and after the distention were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 using a panel of standards. Five urologists blinded to the source of individual photographs independently evaluated 120 research images interspersed with 46 other pictures from a library containing images from 19 symptomatic patients with and without interstitial cystitis. RESULTS: A total of 20 normal women with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of 29+/-6 years consented to participate in this trial during laparoscopic tubal ligation. Photographs of bladder sites before and after distention with 890+/-140 ml. were scored as 1.4+/-0.3 (before distention) and 3.1+/-1.1 (after distention) on the scale of 1 to 5. The increase in scores following distention in normal subjects was seen to the same degree and in the same proportion as in patients with symptoms of interstitial cystitis (8 of 19 symptomatic patients in this series met current diagnostic criteria for interstitial cystitis). Slight but significant differences were seen among sites in the bladder but not between 2 and 6-minute distention durations. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder mucosal lesions characteristically associated with irritative voiding symptoms and pelvic pain in patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis were observed in asymptomatic women.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy has been used successfully to treat pelvic malignancy but morbidity from hemorrhagic cystitis remains a major long-term sequela in 1 to 2% of patients. Obliterative endarteritis secondary to ionizing radiation leads to tissue hypoxia and poor healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been demonstrated to improve angiogenesis and promote healing in radiation injured tissue, including the bladder. We describe the treatment and long-term followup of a cohort of patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen for hemorrhagic cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 17 patients (mean age 62 years) with hemorrhagic cystitis received hyperbaric oxygen following failure of standard treatment modalities. Hyperbaric oxygen was administered on a once daily schedule (mean number of treatments 14) until hematuria resolved. Followup ranged from 9 to 60 months (mean 21). RESULTS: Hematuria resolved completely in 11 of 17 patients (64%), 2 had only residual microscopic hematuria, 2 had improvement but died of complications relating to cancer shortly after completion of treatment and 2 had recurrence of gross hematuria. Early application of hyperbaric oxygen was associated with earlier resolution of hemorrhagic cystitis. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation induced hemorrhagic cystitis that does not respond to standard regimens can be successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen. This modality is well tolerated even in patients debilitated by advanced cancer and blood loss. Long-term remission can be achieved in the majority of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Elevated tryptase, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the urine of interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer patients.

PURPOSE: The 2 prominent features of interstitial cystitis are pain and increased numbers of mast cells in the bladder. In this pilot study we determined the concentration of soluble mediators associated with activation of sensory neurons and/or mast cells that were present in the urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups included 4 interstitial cystitis patients, 7 kidney donors with no history of bladder disease as negative controls, 6 bladder cancer patients and 7 patients with urinary tract infection as reference controls. Urine samples were assayed for different soluble mediators using immunoassays for tryptase (a marker for mast cell activation), neurotrophic factors (markers of neuronal plasticity) and chemokines (markers of inflammatory cell activity). Results were normalized based on creatinine concentration. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in the average amounts of tryptase and 3 neurotrophic factors in patient urine. Interestingly, the mediator profile in the urine of bladder cancer patients was indistinguishable from that of interstitial cystitis patients with respect to these same 4 proteins. There was no difference between normal control and urinary tract infection urine samples. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may account for several clinical and pathological features found in interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer. Although preliminary due to the limited numbers of patients, they also suggest that increased levels of neurotrophin-3, nerve growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and tryptase in the urine could serve as a basis for adjunct diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The optimal use of diagnostic testing in women with acute uncomplicated cystitis.

Acute uncomplicated cystitis is a common and costly disorder in women, and there is considerable variation in the diagnostic strategies currently used in clinical practice. Because the diagnosis of cystitis can be established in most patients using the history alone, the clinician's responsibility is to determine which patients require additional diagnostic testing. Patients with typical symptoms (i.e., dysuria, frequency, urgency, hematuria), without risk factors for complicated infection or pyelonephritis, and without a history of vaginal discharge, have a very high probability of cystitis and are appropriate candidates for empiric treatment. It is more difficult, however, to rule out infection in patients with suspected cystitis. Because the prevalence of culture-proven infection is very high in women who present with >/=1 symptom, and because the treatment threshold for this condition is low, a urine culture is generally required to rule out infection in patients with atypical symptoms, even in the presence of a negative dipstick test. In population-based, before-and-after studies, use of diagnostic algorithms has been shown to significantly decrease the use of urinalysis, urine culture, and office visits while increasing the percentage of patients who receive recommended antibiotics. These strategies have substantially reduced the cost of managing cystitis without an increase in adverse events or a decrease in patient satisfaction. Randomized controlled trials are needed to more closely examine the outcomes, costs of care, and patient satisfaction from different diagnostic and management strategies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

The atypical presentation of tiaprofenic acid-induced cystitis.

This retrospective review was carried out to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 7 patients presenting with non-bacterial cystitis. Patient demographics were different from the usual interstitial cystitis patient population. Each patient was being treated with tiaprofenic acid for arthritis at the time of presentation. After failure of initial medical therapy carried out elsewhere for presumed diagnosis of non-bacterial cystitis or interstitial cystitis, tiaprofenic acid was discontinued and symptoms improved or resolved in all patients obviating further, more morbid treatments. This small group of patients adds to the growing evidence that tiaprofenic acid causes a drug-induced cystitis which is effectively treated by discontinuation of the medication. A high index of suspicion for a drug-induced cause for the symptoms is important for the correct diagnosis and management of these patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a bladder syndrome of unknown etiology. The cause of IC is most likely multifactorial and includes genetic and environmental factors. Various pathophysiological changes in the bladder, pelvis, and peripheral and central nervous systems have been identified, and this has led to the emergence of biologically specific treatment modalities. Interstitial cystitis is being diagnosed with increasing frequency; however, current diagnostic criteria are non-uniform, and there is significant overlap between chronic pelvic pain syndromes in men and women, interstitial cystitis, recurrent "cystitis," and the overactive bladder syndrome. The diagnosis of interstitial cystitis can be made clinically and by cystoscopy and hydrodistension. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary markers and the potassium sensitivity test have not been prospectively studied.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for the treatment of non-infectious chronic cystitis.

Seventeen patients with non-infectious chronic cystitis (NICC) (9 with interstitial cystitis, 6 patients with radiation cystitis, 1 with chemocystitis and 1 with lupoid cystitis) were treated with electromotive administration of intravesical lidocaine and dexamethasone followed by hydrodistension of the bladder. Complete resolution of symptoms for an average of 7.5 months was observed in 11 patients (65%), partial improvement in 4 (23.5%). In this series no complications occurred. Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) and cystodistension were well tolerated by all patients. The treatment was performed on an outpatient basis, thus reducing therapeutic costs. The results presented demonstrate that the combination of EMDA and bladder hydrodistension is an effective first-line treatment for NICC patients.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2005

Amoxicillin-clavulanate vs ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT: The high prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other antimicrobials among Escherichia coli causing acute cystitis in women has led to increased use of alternative antibiotics. One such antibiotic, amoxicillin-clavulanate, has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a 3-day regimen of amoxicillin-clavulanate to that of a 3-day regimen of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute cystitis in women. The primary study hypothesis was that the amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin treatment groups would differ in clinical cure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Randomized, single-blind treatment trial of 370 women, aged 18 to 45 years, with symptoms of acute uncomplicated cystitis and a urine culture with at least 10(2) colony-forming units of uropathogens per milliliter from a university student health center or a health maintenance organization. INTERVENTIONS: Women were randomly assigned to receive amoxicillin-clavulanate (500 mg/125 mg twice daily) or ciprofloxacin (250 mg twice daily) for 3 days and were followed up for 4 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was clinical cure. Secondary study outcomes of interest were microbiological cure and vaginal E coli colonization at the 2-week follow-up visit. RESULTS: Clinical cure was observed in 93 (58%) of 160 women treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate compared with 124 (77%) of 162 women treated with ciprofloxacin (P<.001). Amoxicillin-clavulanate was not as effective as ciprofloxacin even among women infected with strains susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate (65 [60%] of 109 women in the amoxicillin-clavulanate group vs 114 [77%] of 149 women in the ciprofloxacin group; P = .004). The difference in clinical cure rates occurred almost entirely within the first 2 weeks after therapy. Microbiological cure at 2 weeks was observed in 118 (76%) of 156 women treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate compared with 153 (95%) of 161 women treated with ciprofloxacin (P<.001). At this visit, 45% of women in the amoxicillin-clavulanate group compared with 10% in the ciprofloxacin group had vaginal colonization with E coli (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A 3-day regimen of amoxicillin-clavulanate is not as effective as ciprofloxacin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, even in women infected with susceptible strains. This difference may be due to the inferior ability of amoxicillin-clavulanate to eradicate vaginal E coli, facilitating early reinfection.

Adult↗