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PubMed1994

[Critical comments on the statistical methods in Grawe, Donati and Bernauer: "Change in psychotherapy. From confession to profession"].

In the meta-analysis "Changing Psychotherapy" by Grawe, Donati and Bernauer different psychotherapeutic methods are compared based upon published therapy studies. Hereby the authors claim also to have proven with statistical methods that certain kinds of therapy are more effective than others. I show here that the descriptive and inductive methods used are not able to withstand a critical examination; they are incorrect and in most cases even inadmissible. The results of my examination show that there are four points of critique: 1. The question of how effective a kind of therapy is, according to Grawe's criteria, depends more on the number of variables and their measurements with which a therapy is judged than on the number of patients examined in the single studies. 2. Grawe does not distinguish between dependent and independent variables or measurements; every measurement of each variable is included in his methods with the same weight. 3. The different effect variables used to evaluate the therapic process are mostly represented on varying ordinal scales which are incomparable with each other. Grawe treats these scales as if they were comparable, often even as if they were metric. 4. All five statistical methods (counting significances, binomial test, profile of difference values, t-test, Wilcoxon-test) with which Grawe evaluates the results of the single studies are inadmissible because the conditions required are not met. In sum: The conclusions stated in the meta-analysis cannot be seen as being statistically validated or statistically proven.

Bias↗
PubMed1994

[Psychotherapy in transition--from confession to profession. A controversy over a remarkable book by Klaus Grawe, Ruth Donati and Friederike Bernauer].

Grawe, Donati and Bernauer conducted together with 16 female and male coworkers the first comprehensive meta-analysis of all the psychotherapeutic studies that were available. They examined and evaluated each of a total of 897 studies according to 1000 individual parameters. Even before publication, everyone concerned took sides, turning the book into a political affair: behavioural therapists versus female psychoanalysts, psychologists versus female physicians, female scientists versus followers of a "school". Be that as it may, the book by Grawe, Bernauer and Donati yields important results which nobody can deny without harming the very methods it citicises.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

[Eating disorder and confession. Is there a correlation between the type of eating disorder and specific religious affiliation?].

At the Klinik am Korso in Bad Oeynhausen, a special center for eating disorders, 789 patients from the years 1989 and 1990 were subdivided according to their diagnosis and religious affiliation and analyzed. The most striking result was a higher incidence of anorectic abstainers among Protestants and of bulimia with vomiting among Roman Catholics. This was linked up with the more internalized drive control of the Protestants. Further investigations are encouraged to analyze the essence of this connection.

Adult↗