Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CATARACT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural investigation of extracellular structures in subcapsular white corrugated cataract (anterior capsular cataract).

Electron microscopic investigations were performed on six extracted lenses from patients undergoing operative treatment of subcapsular white corrugated cataract. The lens capsule itself was unaltered. There was a pronounced extracellular space under the capsule. In this area collagenous aggregations equivalent in size to collagenous fibres and fibrils could be seen. Collagenous microfibrils and delicate microfilaments were also present. The latter could be observed with and without cross-striations. The fibrous structures are distinguished by considerable variations in shape and diameter. The precursor stages of these fibrous materials are produced by myofibroblast-like cells, probably derived from the lenticular epithelium.

Cataract↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of surgical outcomes of combined viscocanalostomy and cataract surgery with combined trabeculotomy and cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of combined viscocanalostomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with combined trabeculotomy, phacoemulsification, and IOL implantation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-seven eyes (57 POAG patients) that underwent viscocanalostomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation between March 2000 and April 2001 and were followed for over 6 months postoperatively comprised the viscocanalostomy (VCS) group. Fifty-seven of 105 eyes (105 POAG patients) that underwent trabeculotomy, phacoemulsification, and IOL implantation between April 1995 and February 2000 and were followed for over 6 months and < 2 years comprised the trabeculotomy (LOT) group. The reductions of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and antiglaucoma medication use in both groups were compared. Best-corrected visual acuity (VA) and complication rates were secondary outcomes. The success probabilities related to postoperative IOP level in both groups were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis with log-rank test. RESULTS: Significant reductions of IOP and antiglaucoma medication use occurred in both groups up to 1 year postoperatively, but were not significantly different between the two groups. The success probabilities of the VCS group for IOP control under 21, 17, and 15 mm Hg were 95%, 74%, and 44%, respectively, at 6 months, 95%, 67%, and 32% at 1 year, and not significantly different from the LOT group. All eyes in the VCS group had VA equal to or better than baseline 3 months postoperatively. The incidences of postoperative fibrin reaction (14 eyes, 25%) and microperforations of the Descemet membrane (14 eyes, 25%) in the VCS group were higher than in the LOT group (P =.0004 and P <.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular pressure reduction and VA improvement after the two procedures were similar in Japanese patients with POAG and cataract.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1984

Cataracts and cataract operations (2).

Because of the frequent occurrence of cataracts in the general population, the surgical techniques for their removal and the potential associated complications are of widespread interest. The approaches available in general and those used at the Mayo Clinic are described.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1984

Sodium hyaluronate in cataract surgery. II. Report on the use of Healon in extracapsular cataract surgery using phacoemulsification.

Healon has been used in a prospective study as a surgical device for extracapsular cataract extraction using Kelman's phacoemulsification technique. The study comprised 38 patients divided into two groups. Healon and balanced salt solution (BSS) were randomly applied and the patients were age-matched. The emulsification was done in the anterior chamber. Healon is shown to have a protective effect on the cornea as judged by corneal thickness measurements and by endothelial cell counts. Healon facilitated the procedure in several ways. In this study no attempt was made to remove Healon from anterior chamber at the end of surgery. It cannot be excluded that Healon may occasionally cause increased intraocular pressure. With regard to postoperative inflammatory reaction and wound healing, no side effects have been observed after use of Healon.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cataract surgery: interim results and complications of a randomised controlled trial. Oxford Cataract Treatment and Evaluation Team (OCTET).

A randomised controlled trial in progress for more than five years, with no loss to follow-up (except death), assessed 333 eyes treated by three methods of cataract surgery. They were (A) intracapsular extraction and contact lens usage, (B) intracapsular extraction and implantation of an iris supported lens (Federov I), and (C) extracapsular extraction and implantation of an iridocapsular lens (Binkhorst 2-loop). The purpose of the paper is to report interim visual results, complications, and corneal endothelial cell loss. More eyes in groups A (contact lens) and C (extracapsular + implant) achieved better visual acuity than in group B (intracapsular + Federov lens), which also had more postoperative complications. Both implant groups lost more endothelial cells than the non-implant group, which did not differ significantly from group B before one year.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Use of a grading system in the evaluation of complications in a randomised controlled trial on cataract surgery. Oxford Cataract Treatment and Evaluation Team (OCTET).

A randomised controlled trial in progress for more than five years assessed 333 eyes by three methods of cataract surgery. These were (A) intracapsular extraction and contact lens usage; (B) intracapsular extraction and implantation of an iris supported lens (Federov I); and (C) extracapsular extraction and implantation of an iridocapsular lens (Binkhorst 2-loop). This paper reports the use of a weighting scale for rank scoring complications which are dissimilar or are mutually exclusive (for example, capsular versus contact lens problems) to allow the use of non-parametric statistics for comparing disparate features. Thus we found that group B did significantly worse in terms of the number and severity of postoperative complications, a trend in accordance with visual results. This method may serve as a useful model for similar studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Studies on diabetic cataract in rats induced by streptozotocin. II. Biochemical examinations of rat lenses in relation to cataract stages.

Biochemical examinations of streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataracts in rats were performed and related to different stages of lens opacifications. Sorbitol levels in lenses showed maximum accumulation at stages I-III and began to decrease from stage IV. Glucose levels indicated a relatively constant accumulation, but became higher between stage V and VI. Fructose levels increased less significantly from stage I-IV, and slightly decreased thereafter. Inositol was not detectable from stage I. The sodium-potassium ratio (Na/K) increased slowly from stage I-IV, and rose remarkably at stage V. Hydration of the lenses showed no change between stage I and IV, and after stage V it rose markedly.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of energy parameters of ultrasound and laser cataract surgery with a preliminary transcorneal endocapsular YAG-laser impact exerted on the cataract lens nuclei].

The values of the main energy and time parameters of ultrasound and laser fragmentation of different-hardness cataract-lens nuclei were analyzed in patients of various age groups after a preliminary transcorneal endocapsular YAG-laser treatment of the lens. The results show, in all cases, lower key energy and time characteristics, which primarily concerns a total energy index of the ultrasound and laser effect of no less than 20% versus the ordinarily used parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative evaluation of intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification].

In 1978 at the beginning of the modern lens implantation era, 6160 posterior chamber lenses (PCL) were implanted in the USA; 1,110,000 PCL were implanted in 1986. With reference to the total number of lenses implanted, PCL implantations amounted to 4% in 1978 and to 89% in 1986. The increasing use of PCL has mainly been due to the fact that patients with these lenses had significantly better visual acuity and fewer complications after surgery than patients with anterior chamber lenses (ACL). As an example, an FDH study in 1983 should be mentioned: more vision in an otherwise normal eye was more than 0.5: 90% (ACL) versus 94% (PLC); ablatio: 0.9% versus 0.5%; secondary glaucoma: 1.2% versus 0.5%; cystoid edema of the macula: 2.2% versus 0.8%. The considerable advantage in extracapsular extraction of a cataract lies in the fact that the anatomical and physiological conditions of the eye structure may be nearly completely maintained, and this is because the intact posterior capsule--similar to the lens with zonular fibers in the normal eye--forms a diaphragm between the vitreous and aqueous humor. Thus the stability of the eye will be maintained and prolapse of the vitreous with possible traction at the retina cannot occur. Phacoemulsification and ECCE are well-established methods. The clinical results of both methods are practically identical, except for a significantly lower rate of astigmatism with phacoemulsification, which was examined 8 to 10 weeks following surgery (phaco: 1.0 +/- 0.49; expression: 3.3 +/- 1.7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple accurate method of cataract classification. Cataract-I.

A simple and accurate system of cataract classification using slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope is reported. Lens opacities are classified into cortical (anterior and posterior), nuclear and posterior sub-capsular and each sub-type of opacity is graded, extent and density wise, using both slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope. A circle representing enface view of opacity divided into 100 equal parts is used in calculating the area of each opacity. This classification takes into account both the area and depth of opacity in arriving at the total extent of sub-type of each opacity. For density determination, we do not recommend the use of a resolution target projection ophthalmoscope. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability studies using this classification system indicated that the classification system is fairly reliable.

Cataract↗
PubMed1986

Long-term corneal endothelial cell loss after cataract surgery. Results of a randomized controlled trial. Oxford Cataract Treatment and Evaluation Team (OCTET).

Three hundred thirty-three eyes were randomly assigned to three treatments for cataract: group A, intracapsular extraction plus contact lens; group B, intracapsular extraction plus Federov implant (Federov I lenses were made by Rayners Ltd, United Kingdom, based on a design by Professor Fyodorov); and group C, extracapsular extraction plus iridocapsular implant. Endothelial cell loss estimated at one and six months and yearly up to four years showed significantly greater loss in the two implant groups from one year onward. Continuing loss slowed down after the third year, except for the intracapsular extraction plus implant group, in which cell loss appeared complication related. Of operative factors, use of alpha-chymotrypsin significantly reduced cell loss, and pseudophakos contact increased cell loss. Postoperative complications associated with significantly greater cell loss were hypopyon, uveitis, subluxation, shallow anterior chamber, and cystoid macular edema. To date, five and four cases of bullous keratopathy were derived from implant groups B and C, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Studies on human cataracts. II. Correlation between the clinical description and the light-scattering parameters of human cataracts.

Eight lenses with nuclear cataracts have been classified. The light-scattering properties of the eight lenses were obtained with thin sections cut perpendicularly to the posterior-anterior axis. Analysis of the light scattering envelop in the I and I+ models yielded eight structural parameters that describe the density and orientation fluctuations. The variation of these parameters within each less corresponded well to the clinical description obtained from the stereoscopic photos.

Cataract↗
PubMed1981

Studies on human cataracts. III. Structural elements in nuclear cataracts and their contribution to the turbidity.

Gross correlation coefficient between light-scattering intensity and the optical parameters obtained for 48 sections of eight lenses with nuclear cataracts were evaluated. On the basis of these and other data in the literature, the structural elements, within the lens fiber are identified. These give rise to the optical parameters. It is proposed that three processes contribute to nuclear cataractogenesis: (1) syneretic process, (2) increase in the concentration but not in the size of protein aggregates, and (3) association (entanglement) between aggregates and optically anisotropic cytoskeleton or membrane components that leads to a decrease in structural bire-fringence.

Cataract↗