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PubMedDate not supplied

Trends in oral piercing in Buffalo, New York, high schools.

The purpose of this research was to examine the trend of high school adolescents obtaining an oral piercing. A questionnaire was sent to five high schools in Buffalo, NY. Of the 508 questionnaires returned, 49 of the respondents (10%) had an oral piercing. Post-piercing occurrences included swelling, tenderness, numbness, loss of taste, bleeding and pus. Oral piercing maintenance was minimal or non-existent. Dental trauma/piercing-related injuries were common. Researchers concluded that the oral piercing trend in Buffalo, NY, high schools is small; however, students who are getting oral piercings are doing so without parental consent and often show signs of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Risk factors for cartilage infections of the ear.

BACKGROUND: Investigation and case-control study to identify risk factors in a large outbreak in 2003 of auricular chondritis associated with piercing. METHODS: Epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) investigation, and case-control study. Telephone interviews were conducted for 15 cases and 61 controls. Odds ratios were determined for risks of infection. RESULTS: Of 15 confirmed cases, nine (60%) were hospitalized (median duration 4.4 days) and treated with intravenous/oral antibiotics. Cases required surgical treatment and multiple antibiotics. Risk factors for infection included piercing location and the use of a contaminated aftercare solution. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, nine from patients and four from the aftercare solution, were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; one from the sink at the facility differed by two bands. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the serious consequences of cartilage piercing, identifies specific risk factors for infection, and suggests the importance of implementation and assurance of safe procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Oral and facial piercings: a case series and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Piercing is popular among young people, who view this practice as a sign of marginality, beauty, or group identity. This study is performed on healthy individuals with oral and facial piercings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy oral and facial piercings were evaluated (17 in the tongue, 13 in the lower lip, 18 in the nostril, 7 in the eyebrow, and 15 in the ear). A specifically designed protocol was used to assess possible complications (inflammatory reactions, pain, dental alterations). Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: The general complications recorded comprised pain (60% of cases), inflammatory reactions (34.3%), bleeding (24%), dental fractures or fissures (20%), and gingival damage (26.7%). CONCLUSION: Tongue piercing is associated with pain, inflammatory reactions, and dental problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Bifid tongue - a complication of tongue piercing.

Tongue piercing is associated with significant morbidity. We report on a patient with a bifid tongue defect following insertion of a tongue ornament. This abnormality resulted in severe emotional disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Navel piercing as a cause for Streptococcus viridans endocarditis: case report, review of the literature and implications for antibiotic prophylaxis.

We describe a case of Streptococcus viridans endocarditis in a 17-year-old female with congenital ventricular septal defect, that followed shortly after performing naval piercing. She was eventually treated with penicillin with complete recovery. We review other cases from the literature of piercing-associated endocarditis, and suggest that individuals at particularly high risk might be considered for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to such procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Relationship between age of ear piercing and keloid formation.

OBJECTIVE: Keloids occur commonly after trauma to the skin, with ear piercing being a well-known inciting event. We surveyed 32 patients with keloids resulting from ear piercing, to examine a potential relationship between age of piercing and keloid formation. METHODS: A total of 32 consecutive patients completed a survey about ear-piercing and keloid formation. Fisher's exact test was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Fifty percent (n = 16) of surveyed patients developed a keloid after their first piercing. Twenty surveyed patients developed keloids with subsequent piercings. Those who had piercings at > or =11 years of age were more likely to develop keloids (80%) than were those who had piercings at <11 years of age (23.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Keloids are more likely to develop when ears are pierced after age 11 than before age 11. This observation holds true for patients with a family history of keloids. Given the difficulty and cost of treating keloids, prevention remains the best approach. Patients with a family history of keloids should consider not having their ears pierced. If this is not an option, then piercing during early childhood, rather than later childhood, may be advisable. Primary care physicians and pediatricians should educate children and their parents about the risk of keloid formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Liver abscess following navel piercing].

In an 18-year-old woman with abdominal complaints of unknown origin, ultrasonography and CT showed a large abnormal structure in the left half of the liver. Biopsy showed this to be an abscess. Because Staphylococcus aureus was cultured and the patient had suffered from a navel infection after navel piercing several months earlier, it was concluded that the infection had spread through the ligamentum teres hepatis to cause the liver abscess. The abscess was drained and the patient was treated successfully with antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Should physicians have facial piercings?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess attitudes of patrons and medical school faculty about physicians with nontraditional facial piercings. We also examined whether a piercing affected the perceived competency and trustworthiness of physicians. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Teaching hospital in the southeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Emergency department patrons and medical school faculty physicians. INTERVENTIONS: First, patrons were shown photographs of models with a nontraditional piercing and asked about the appropriateness for a physician or medical student. In the second phase, patrons blinded to the purpose of the study were shown identical photographs of physician models with or without piercings and asked about competency and trustworthiness. The third phase was an assessment of attitudes of faculty regarding piercings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Nose and lip piercings were felt to be appropriate for a physician by 24% and 22% of patrons, respectively. Perceived competency and trustworthiness of models with these types of piercings were also negatively affected. An earring in a male was felt to be appropriate by 35% of patrons, but an earring on male models did not negatively affect perceived competency or trustworthiness. Nose and eyebrow piercings were felt to be appropriate by only 7% and 5% of faculty physicians and working with a physician or student with a nose or eyebrow piercing would bother 58% and 59% of faculty, respectively. An ear piercing in a male was felt to be appropriate by 20% of faculty, and 25% stated it would bother them to work with a male physician or student with an ear piercing. CONCLUSIONS: Many patrons and physicians feel that some types of nontraditional piercings are inappropriate attire for physicians, and some piercings negatively affect perceived competency and trustworthiness. Health care providers should understand that attire may affect a patient's opinion about their abilities and possibly erode confidence in them as a clinician.

Attitude↗
PubMed2005

Orofacial piercings: perceptions of dental practitioners and piercing parlours.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the advice given by piercing parlours prior to orofacial piercing and to determine how many dental practitioners see complications from orofacial piercings. METHOD: Administered questionnaire to 19 piercing parlours and postal questionnaire to 400 dental practitioners in south-east Wales. RESULTS: Ninety-nine per cent of 227 dental practitioners in south-east Wales had treated patients with orofacial piercings, over three-quarters had seen a patient for a complication caused by the piercing, and over half (N=120) had treated a patient for a complication of piercing. Tongue (N=225) and lip (N=209) piercings were most frequently seen and the most commonly occurring complication was fractured or cracked teeth (N=176). Almost all practitioners wanted more information on orofacial piercing and its sequelae. All 19 piercing parlours in south-east Wales warned clients about pain following piercing and 18 mentioned swelling; only four discussed possible damage to teeth and none discussed the risk of airway obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the concerns of dental and medical professionals orofacial piercing remains popular and the complications it causes are frequently seen by dental practitioners. There is a need for literature to assist both dental practitioners and piercers in advising and safeguarding patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Oral piercing and oral trauma in a New Zealand sample.

This study investigated the periodontal and dental trauma resultant from tongue and lip piercings in a convenience sample of 43 adult dental patients. Patients underwent an intra-oral examination followed by the administration of a questionnaire. Each patient was examined for lingual or buccal recession of the upper and lower incisors as well as the extent of abnormal toothwear or trauma on these teeth. Following bivariate analyses, regression analyses were conducted to test the study hypotheses and derive adjusted estimates for the dependent variables. Of the 43 individuals who participated (93.0% females; mean age 21 years; age range 14-34 years) 76.7% had a tongue piercing, 34.9% had a lip piercing, and 11.6% had both. Only four had had their piercing procedure provided by a doctor or dentist. Postpiercing complications were reported by 34.9%. Most of those with a labial piercing (80.0%) had 1+ labial site with gingival recession (GR), and almost one-third of those with a tongue piercing had at least one lingual site with GR. Age was a significant predictor of the prevalence of lingual recession, with the odds of having lingual recession increasing by 1.17 (95% CI 1.01, 1.35) for every year older than 14. Age was the only significant predictor of the number of lingual sites with recession, but was not a predictor of the prevalence of labial recession or the number of affected sites. There were no significant associations between piercings and abnormal toothwear or trauma. These findings suggest that oral piercings are associated with localized gingival recession, and that the providers of such procedures should ensure that, as part of the informed consent process, prospective patients are informed of the likelihood that their periodontal health may be compromised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Nickel allergy and orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVES: Tolerance induction to prevent development of nickel allergy has been suggested with permanent dental braces. We wanted to find out which effect orthodontic treatments had had on the development of nickel allergy in university students. STUDY DESIGN: We examined and patch tested 153 students, of whom 113 had a history of pierced skin, and 70 a history of orthodontic treatment roughly 10 years earlier. RESULTS: All except one student with pierced skin were females. Development of nickel allergy was significantly associated with skin piercing (54% compared with 12%). At the time of the study, there was a slight but non-significant difference in the prevalence of nickel allergy between students who had been subjects for orthodontic treatment (49%) compared with non-treated ones (58%) if they had pierced skin. There were no significant differences in the development of nickel allergy among students who had had permanent dental braces before (50%) or after skin piercing (48%). However, from 40 students without skin piercing four of 11 (three males) with a history of permanent braces had developed nickel allergy, as compared with none of 22 (P = 0.008) without orthodontic treatment suggesting possibility of sensitization through dental devices. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment may not lead to tolerance induction on all occasions, and sensitization through permanent devices seems to be possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Nodular fasciitis of the face: causal role of piercing].

INTRODUCTION: Supralabial nodular fasciitis, benign, was observed after nose piercing. CASE: A 16-year-old girl consulted for a nodular lesion above her right lip, which had begun developing 2 months earlier, after she had her right nostril pieced. The diagnosis of nodular fasciitis was based on histologic and immunohistochemical findings. DISCUSSION: Nodular fasciitis, also known as pseudosarcomatous or proliferating fasciitis, is a rare lesion that can appear after local trauma. It is benign and can be treated by simple surgical excision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Allergic contact sensitization in the general adult population: a population-based study from Northern Norway.

Few studies have so far addressed the prevalence and risk factors for contact sensitization in the general adult population; however, many such studies have been conducted in hospitals. We present the prevalence of contact sensitization in a general adult population and its relationship to potential risk factors like smoking, ear piercing and atopic diseases. 1236 adults (44.2% men and 55.8% women) were randomly selected from a cross-section of the population in Sør-Varanger municipality, Norway, and patch tested with TRUE Test (Pharmacia, Hillerød, Denmark). Contact sensitivity to at least 1 out of 24 allergens was found in 35.4% of the women and in 14.8% of the men. The most common allergens were nickel (17.6%), cobalt (2.8%), thiomersal (1.9%), fragrance mix (1.8%) and colophony (1.2%). All other allergens were observed in 1.0% or less. In women, ear piercing was an important risk factor for nickel sensitization. No such significant correlation was seen in men [in women relative risk (RR) = 3.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.01-5.43, and in men RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.66-5.00], and contact sensitivity was associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04-2.40] and smoking (adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.01-1.99) in women but not in men. The prevalence of contact sensitivity was common in this general population, especially in women. Smoking and AD might be a risk factor for contact sensitization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

National study of US emergency department visits for attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury, 1997-2001.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We describe the epidemiology of emergency department (ED) visits for attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury. METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national probability sample of ED visits. All visits for attempted suicide or self-inflicted injury (E950 to E959) during 1997 to 2001 were included in these analyses. RESULTS: During the 5-year period, there were approximately 412,000 annual ED visits for attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury, or 0.4% of all ED visits. The annual visit rate was 1.5 (1.3 to 1.7) visits per 1,000 US citizens. The mean patient age was 31 years, and visits were most common among patients aged 15 to 19 years, at a rate of 3.3 (95% confidence interval 2.1 to 4.4). ED visit rates were higher among female patients (1.7) than male patients (1.3) and among blacks (1.9) than whites (1.5). Visit rates did not differ by metropolitan status or US region. The most common method of injury was poisoning (68%), followed by cutting or piercing (20%). One third of visiting patients were admitted to the hospital, with 31% of admissions going to the ICU. A psychiatric disorder was coded for 55% of visits, with depressive disorder accounting for 34% and alcohol abuse for 16%. CONCLUSION: ED visits for attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury are relatively common, serious, and most frequent among adolescents and young adults. Self-poisoning is the most common method. The high prevalence of psychiatric and substance abuse disorders in this population suggests these issues should be considered during management and disposition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cryosurgery in the treatment of earlobe keloids: report of seven cases.

BACKGROUND: Keloids are benign cutaneous lesions that result from excessive collagen synthesis and deposition. Earlobe keloids in particular are seen as a complication of plastic surgery or piercing. Many different treatment modalities have been used, often with unsatisfactory results. METHODS: We have made a retrospective analysis of seven young patients (ages 9 to 22 years) with earlobe keloids. Scarring followed plastic surgery in six cases and piercing in one case. All patients were treated with cryosurgery as the monotherapy. The freeze time and the number of sessions varied depending on the clinical findings, the effect of the treatment, and the patients' tolerance. Cryotherapy was started 6 to 24 months after keloid development. RESULTS: Scar volume was reduced in all cases. Complete flattening in five patients and a pronounced reduction to a maximum of 25% of the previous thickness in one other patient were achieved. One patient discontinued the therapy because of soreness after only partial improvement. The procedure was painful for all patients; no further side effects were noticed. No recurrence was observed within 1 to 4.5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: We present an excellent effect of cryosurgery as the monotherapy for the treatment of earlobe keloid scars of young patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Allergic contact granuloma due to palladium following ear piercing.

Two cases of sarcoidal-type allergic contact granuloma due to metals in ear piercing are presented, the first to palladium (Pd) only, and the second to Pd and possibly also to other metals. Both the patients developed papulonodular lesions at the helices following ear piercing, which after 3-4 weeks, became more granulomatous and very resistant to treatment. Indeed, repeated intralesional injections with corticosteroids produced only a temporary regression of the lesions. Biopsies from the persistent granulomatous lesions from the helices in both the patients and the positive test to Pd in case 2, 3 weeks after the patch-testing procedure, demonstrated epithelioid granulomas, with some multinucleate histiocytes surrounded by a lymphocytic-histiocytic infiltrate. Areas of fibrinoid necrosis were found in both the helix biopsies. An infectious pathology was excluded. Patch testing showed a strong positive reaction to Pd only in case 1 and to Pd and nickel in case 2. Chemical analysis of the earring of patient 1 confirmed the presence of Pd; however, analysis of the earrings of the second patient did not show the presence of Pd, but showed the presence of nickel and copper. Both the clinical and histological findings concur with some rarely reported similar observations in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The efficacy of magnetic disks for the treatment of earlobe hypertrophic scar.

Ear piercing has been widely performed for various reasons, but it may cause hypertrophic scarring and its attendant cosmetic problems and/or subjective symptoms, such as pruritus or pain. Many treatment methods have been applied alone or in combination, including surgical excision, steroid injection, compression, radiation, topical silicone application, and so on. Although each modality or combined therapy has its advantages and disadvantages, in the authors' opinion, compressive therapy combined with surgical excision is the most effective method in many respects. However, the peculiar shape of the earlobe does not allow for easy compression. Thus, many compressive devices have been developed that are not wholly satisfactory in terms of effectiveness, appearance, size, or convenience. The authors describe a newly developed method for the treatment of hypertrophic scarring of the earlobe that uses magnetic disks. They treated 47 patients (91 auricles) with a hypertrophic scar on the earlobe that underwent compressive therapy using magnetic disks after surgical excision from April to December 2002. The use of magnetic disks proved effective, and they believe that it offers many advantages as a compressive device.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Outpatient adolescent surgical problems.

There are several conditions for which adolescents seek surgical opinion. Many of these necessitate the performance of an office procedure. This article gave perspective on those relatively common and superficial lesions in an office setting.

Adolescent↗