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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Placental umbilical cord blood transfusion in transfusion-dependent beta thalassemic patients: a preliminary communication.

The term blood substitute is actually a misnomer because only a part of the total functions of the blood is replaced by any available so-called substitute, i.e., oxygen delivery and volume expansion only. Therefore, a more accurate term should be red cell substitute. Cord blood, because of its rich mix of fetal and adult hemoglobin, high platelet and WBC counts, and a plasma filled with cytokine and growth factors, as well as its hypoantigenic nature and altered metabolic profile, has all the potential of a real and safe alternative to adult blood during emergencies due to any etiology of blood loss and anemia. Our experience of 92 units of cord blood transfusion in patients with beta thalassemia with severe anemia (hemoglobin concentration varying from 3.5 to 5.9 g/dl with mean hemoglobin 4.6 g/dl) proved to be extremely effective in 14 patients as an emergency substitute of adult conc RBC transfusion (male: female ratio 1:1, age varying from 6 months to 38 years). In the present series, the collection of the blood varied from 57 ml-136 ml mean 84 ml +/- 7.2 ml SD, median 87 ml, mean packed cell volume 45 +/- 3.1 SD, mean hemoglobin concentration 16.4 g/dl +/- 1.6 g/dl SD. After collection the blood was immediately preserved in the refrigerator and transfused within 72 hours of collection from the consenting mother undergoing lower uterine cesarean section. We did not encounter a single case of immunological or non immunological reaction. We suggest that the medical fraternity use this precious gift of nature, which is free from infection, hypoantigenic with an altered metabolic profile, filled with growth factor and cytokine filled plasma with potential higher oxygen carrying capacity than for adult blood, as an emergency source of blood for the management of transfusion-dependent beta thalassemics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of five days versus seven days of incubation for detection of positive blood cultures by the Bactec 9240 system.

The specimen capacity of blood culture systems is determined by the length of time that blood cultures are incubated. Since the patient populations served by hospitals vary, individual laboratories should evaluate the relative cost and benefits of different testing regimens for their particular setting. To be cost-effective, the use of a 5-day rather than a 7-day protocol for the Bactec 9240 system (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, USA) has been recommended. To evaluate whether the shorter schedule would be appropriate at the Microbiology Laboratory at the National Cheng Kung University Medical Center in Tainan, Taiwan, the yield from 5 days versus 7 days of incubation was compared using a total of 9653 blood specimens collected from 1 April to 30 September 1997. Of the 1848 positive vials, 1822 (98.6%) were positive in the first 5 testing days; only 26 (1.4%) were positive on day 6 or 7. Only five of the latter vials were judged to contain clinically significant organisms: one Cryptococcus neoformans, one Candida albicans, one Enterobacter cloacae, one Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Proteus mirabilis. Two vials contained organisms whose clinical significance was categorized as unknown, while 19 contained organisms that were considered contaminants. These data suggest that, for the laboratory studied, the 5-day protocol for the Bactec 9240 system is more cost-effective than the 7-day protocol and is adequate for detection of positive blood cultures.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1981

A randomized study of metabolic effects of four low-estrogen oral contraceptives: I. Results after 6 cycles.

Healthy, non-smoking, normotensive, well-motivated young women were assigned at random to one of four different, commercial, low-estrogen, oral contraceptive products. Measurements of biochemical parameters were made on blood specimens collected from fasting subjects twice during the late pretreatment cycle, then again during each late treatment cycle for six months. All women assigned to one product (0.5mg NET + 35 microgram EE) dropped out of the study before the end of the fifth cycle, but discontinuations with the other three products were few. While numbers of subjects are small, the groups are closely matched and most metabolic differences are statistically significant. Products containing EDA and NET were associated with increases in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, but decreases in HDL-cholesterol. In contrast, the LNG-containing preparation produced significantly less effect on these tests. A similar pattern was seen with a range of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, Minimal alterations were seen with the LNG preparation, while those containing NET or EDA showed marked increases in factors I. VII, VIII, X and plasminogen, associated with a decrease in antithrombin III. It is suggested that differences in the metabolic impact of the various commercially available low-estrogen preparations, combined with effects on intermenstrual bleeding, allow a choice of the progestogen component most suitable for general use.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Simple method of intraoperative blood collection and reinfusion during aortic surgery.

The increasing fear of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and other blood-transmissible diseases and increasing blood-bank shortages prompted a study of the safety and feasibility of a commercially available hand-held unit for collecting and reinfusing blood. The device was used on nine patients undergoing aortic surgery and permitted a mean saving of 2.6 units of banked blood. The reinfusion of collected blood did not result in any coagulation disturbances or changes in renal function. The hemoglobin and platelet levels were comparable to those in a group of patients receiving only banked blood. The unit does not require additional personnel or technical training for its use. The authors conclude that this autotransfusion device is a safe and feasible method of reducing the requirement for banked blood during aortic surgery.

Aorta↗
PubMed1994

[Does preoperative erythroapheresis avoid homologous transfusion?].

The risk of transfusion-related viral infections promotes techniques intended to reduce such a risk. Preoperative erythroapheresis is an autologous blood collection technique which minimizes the inconvenience of repeated predeposit autologous donations. Erythroapheresis has been performed in 451 patients, 24 to 72 hours before surgery using a discontinuous flow cell separator (PCS+Haemonetics). The mean collected red cells volume was 485 ml (250-900) and was replaced by hydroxy-ethyl-starch (ELOHES). Homologous blood transfusion was avoided in 431 patients (95,6%). This technique is indicated for surgery with an expected blood loss between 1000 and 1500 ml or when the patient cannot be included in a preoperative blood donation programme. Preoperative erythrocytapheresis is a simple and well tolerated procedure. To have recourse to apheresis techniques allows to increase the number of autologous transfused patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of heating sera under conditions necessary for deactivation of human immunodeficiency virus on commonly monitored therapeutic drugs.

Minimizing the risk of infection of laboratory staff from contaminated blood samples is a major safety goal in a clinical laboratory. One dangerous pathogen, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be deactivated by heating sera at 56 degrees C for 30 min. We studied the effect of such heat treatment on serum concentrations of 11 commonly monitored therapeutic drugs. We used blood specimens collected in serum separator tubes (SSTs), which were routinely submitted for therapeutic drug monitoring in our laboratory for this study. Concentrations of digoxin in sera were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), while concentrations of tobramycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, theophylline, valproic acid, procainamide, N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA), phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine were measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique assays using a Monarch 2000 analyzer. We observed no significant change in the concentration of any drug except phenytoin and carbamazepine following heating at 60 degrees C. The decrease in concentration of phenytoin and carbamazepine after heating was related to absorption of the drug to the gel rather than the instability of the drug under heating conditions. We conclude that blood contaminated with HIV may be deactivated by heating prior to analysis for most of the routinely monitored therapeutic drugs.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1980

Presence of aspirin in blood units.

2,655 blood units collected from healthy voluntary donors selected according to the criteria of the International Society of Blood Transfusion were tested for the presence of aspirin. This drug was found in 6% of the samples at concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 microgram/ml. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. We also report a case of allergic reaction which could probably be related to the transfusion of blood containing aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Genetic variation in Bougainville and Solomon Islands populations.

This paper reports the findings of genetic variation in eight populations of the Solomon Islands. Blood specimens collected from 345 Aita, 191 Nasioi and 416 Nagovisi of Bougainville, 379 Lau, 453 Baegu and 385 Kwaio of Malaita, and 504 Ontong Java, and 328 Ulawa subjects were tested for A-B-O, M-N-S-s, Rh, Hp, Tf, secretor, and red-cell acid phosphatase systems. Considerable differences were found among the eight populations with respect to all polymorphic systems studied. It was not possible to distinguish Austronesian groups from non-Austronesian groups on the basis of gene frequencies.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2002

Human error: the persisting risk of blood transfusion: a report of five cases.

UNLABELLED: It is common experience that virus transmission, particularly transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a principal concern of patients and physicians regarding blood transfusion (1). Many physicians are probably unaware that transfusion-transmitted HIV infection is approximately 50 to 100 times less likely to occur than transfusion error (2-4). This misconception may have been encouraged by the scarcity of reports on transfusion error relative to the tremendous public attention focused on HIV infection. We present five cases illustrating how anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians are particularly vulnerable to the risk of administering blood to the wrong recipient. All five cases were collected during a 4-yr period. Transfused units of packed red cells totaled approximately 50,000 U during this period in our department. IMPLICATIONS: Human error leading to the transfusion of blood to an unintended recipient is a major source of transfusion-related fatalities. We report five cases that highlight some specific areas in which transfusion error is likely to occur.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1983

A randomized prospective study of the metabolic effects of four low-estrogen oral contraceptives.

Healthy, nonsmoking, normotensive, well-motivated young women were assigned at random to one of four different commercial, low-estrogen oral contraceptives. Measurements of biochemical parameters were made on two blood specimens collected from fasting subjects late in the pretreatment cycle, then again late in each treatment cycle for 12 months. All the women assigned to one product (0.5 mg norethindrone + 35 micrograms ethinyl estradiol) dropped out of the study before the end of the fifth cycle, but discontinuations with the other three products were few. Though the numbers of subjects were small, the groups were closely matched, and most of the metabolic differences were statistically significant. Products containing ethynodiol diacetate and norethindrone were associated with increases in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides but decreases in high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol. In contrast, the levonorgestrel-containing preparation produced significantly less of an effect on these tests. A similar pattern was seen with a range of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. Minimal alterations were seen with the levonorgestrel preparation, whereas those containing norethindrone or ethynodiol diacetate showed marked increases in factors I, VII, VIII and X and plasminogen, associated with a decrease in antithrombin III. Differences in the metabolic impact of the various commercially available low-estrogen preparations, combined with their effects on intermenstrual bleeding, allow a choice of the progestogen component most suitable for general use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method for autotransfusion of shed blood.

A new autotransfusion device for collection and retransfusion of whole blood is described. The construction, function and possible advantages of the system compared with currently available systems are discussed. The system is built up around a hollow fibre haemoconcentrator (dialysis filter), a cardiotomy reservoir and a large volume infusion bag. To prevent clotting, citrate (ACD-solution) is added in the suction tubing as well as locally. The blood is driven through the system by a roller pump.

Blood↗
PubMed1995

The use of erythropoietin in the enhancement of autologous transfusion therapy.

In the case of elective surgery requiring transfusion, preoperative autologous blood donation offers an attractive alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion. Although previously underutilized, autologous donation has become a standard of care in several elective surgical procedures, resulting in a significant increase in the percentage of blood collected nationally that is autologous. Potential candidates for autologous blood donation prior to elective surgery include any patient for whom blood type and crossmatch are requested, indicating a likelihood of requiring blood transfusion according to a maximum surgical blood ordering schedule. Utilization of autologous donation before elective surgery has increased with coordinated programs involving regional blood centers, hospital blood banks, information services, and physicians. The impact of physician ordering and autologous blood procurement practices on subsequent allogeneic blood transfusions must be understood in order to address the role of aggressive autologous blood procurement, including the role of recombinant human erythropoietin in blood conservation strategies.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1992

[The influence of serum separators on biochemical values in experimental animals].

The influence of three serum separators, A, B and C, on biochemical values was examined. With A or B, changes in the values of ChE, LAP, UN, K, P, Cl and Ca in rat serum; ChE, UN, Cl and Ca in dog serum; and K and P in monkey serum took place over a period of 20 min after blood collection. Therefore, the biochemical values of whole blood were considered to be stable after 20 min. Thus, biochemical tests were conducted on serum from the three serum separators after allowing the blood to stand 20 min. The values obtained for each separator were not markedly different from those of the control. These results suggest that a serum separator is useful for separation of serum of experimental animals under the proper conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Collection and preparation of blood products.

Blood-component therapy has become an integral part of veterinary practice. Although access to veterinary blood banks has increased, practitioners may prefer to create their own blood-donor program to provide for their blood-product needs or to respond to an emergent need. Before embarking on such an endeavor, it is important to understand the techniques and requirements for such a program. This article will discuss issues in donor selection and management, supplies and techniques of blood-component acquisition, and supplies and techniques of blood-component preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Differences in hematocrit of blood samples obtained from two venipuncture sites in sharks.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in Hct between 2 venipuncture sites in captive and free-ranging sharks. ANIMALS: 32 healthy adult captive sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus, Carcharhinus plumbeus, Stegastoma fasciatum, Orectolobus japonicus, and Triaenodon obesus) and 15 captured free-ranging adult sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus and Carcharhinus acronotus). PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected from the caudal tail artery followed by collection from the sinus located immediately caudal to the cranial dorsal fin. The Hct was determined for each sample and results were compared. Additionally, results for sharks that were highly active and used aerobic metabolism were compared with results for sharks that were less active and tolerant of anaerobic conditions. RESULTS: Mean Hct for all sharks was significantly less (8% less) in blood samples obtained from the cranial dorsal fin sinus, compared with the Hct for samples obtained from the caudal tail artery. When compared on the basis of metabolic class, sharks that were more tolerant of anaerobic conditions had lower Hct values and smaller differences between the 2 venipuncture sites. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hct values were significantly lower in blood samples collected from the cranial dorsal fin sinus compared with values for samples collected from the caudal tail artery. It is important to recognize this difference when evaluating hematologic variables in sharks and when establishing reference ranges for Hcts for shark populations. Sharks that were more active and relied on aerobic metabolism had higher Hct values than did anaerobic-tolerant sharks, and the difference in Hct values between venipuncture sites was more pronounced.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

[Programmed autologous transfusion in obstetrics. Blood samples in 100 patients in the last month of pregnancy].

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation (usefulness and safety) of programmed autologous transfusion in obstetrics. SITE. Blood Transfusion Centre, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, F 92700 Colombes. PATIENTS: Prospective study of 150 patients for whom blood withdrawal was planned during the last month of pregnancy. Entry criteria were either a risk of haemorrhage or persistent patient request. PROTOCOL: Two withdrawals were planned during the last month of pregnancy at the out-patient clinic at a one-week interval. The autologous units were transfused per-partum in case of haemorrhage and/or post-partum in case of anaemia. RESULTS: One hundred pregnant women entered the protocol (43 had a risk of haemorrhage). Both preplanned withdrawals were made in 60 of these patients. Per-partum transfusions were necessary in only 7 patients including 4/43 with a risk factor (9%) and 3/57 with no risk factor (5%). Post-partum transfusions were made in 22 other patients. Consequently, 117 of the 160 units collected were not used (73%). CONCLUSION: Despite good tolerance (5% incidence) due to the known problems in evaluating the risk of haemorrhage and the small percentage of patients without risk factors who were transfused per-partum, we have decided to reserve this protocol for patients with an authentically identified risk of haemorrhage (placenta praevia, cesarean section, uterine scar tissue).

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Present condition of health information control and attitudes of occupational health professionals in collecting and utilizing health information in workplaces].

Since the Labor Safety and Health Law of Japan provides that the employer is responsible for taking custody of personal information obtained in periodic health examinations, we are anxious about infringement of privacy. This study was conducted to investigate the present condition of health information control in each workplace and attitudes of occupational health professionals in collecting and utilizing personal health information by means of self-administered mail questionnaires. The numbers of respondents were a total of 549 (physicians: 237, public health nurses: 175, nurses 122, others & unknown: 15). The major results were as follows. 1. Percentage of workplaces in which only health professionals can know personal health data from periodic health examinations was 24% altogether, but it was 39% in large workplaces where full-time occupational physicians were working. 2. More than half of the respondents were of the opinion that the results of routine health activities could be presented in academic conferences unconditionally or under comprehensive approval of the representative of each workplace. 3. About a half of the respondents believed that it was necessary to consider the intention of each examinee in utilizing blood specimen collected at health examinations for research purposes, even though personal identification had been erased. 4. There were many differences among types of occupation or age groups in the attitude to changing the procedure for health examination. And it was the majority opinion that personal health data provided to the employer should be the minimum in order to protect individual benefits. 5. The proportion of physicians who felt it necessity to ask about the occupational history at the employment health examination was significantly higher than that of public health nurses. 6. When a disease was discovered, there were great differences among types of disease in the attitude to give the name or condition of the disease to the employer without the consent of the patient or his family. In view of these results, we feel that occupational health professionals are in a dilemma in introducing modern ideas which lay stress on privacy into the Japanese occupational health care system which is still operating on the basis of traditional paternalism.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

Neutrophil transfusion: effect of storage and of collection method of neutrophil blood kinetics.

The kinetics in blood of autologous neutrophils collected by phlebotomy, filtration leukapheresis (FL), or intermittent-flow centrifugation (IFC), labeled with 32P-diisopropylfluorophosphate, and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 2 days were measured in 41 normal subjects. Mean initial recovery for unstored IFC cells was 34.0%, compared to 7.9% for unstored FL cells. Blood half-lives were 4.1 and 2.7 hr for unstored IFC and FL cells, respectively. With neutrophils collected by phlebotomy and stored in whole blood for 1-2 days, posttransfusion recoveries and blood half-times were significantly decreased. Storage of both IFC and FL preparations resulted in only moderate kinetic abnormalities in comparison to the unstored cells. These studies indicate that the ability of unstored IFC cells to circulate is basically normal, whereas that of unstored FL cells is significantly impaired. The data further suggest that these neutrophil concentrates might be stored for 1-2 days prior to transfusion.

Blood Preservation↗