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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Behavioral and genetic interrelationships between locomotor activity and brain biogenic amines.

1. Spontaneous locomotor activity of four mouse strains, the albino ICR, BALB/C, the black C57 BL/6 and the brown CDF-I, was studied in conjunction with whole brain content of select biogenic amines and major metabolites. The ICR and C57BL/6 mice scored the highest and lowest motility among the strains studied, respectively. 2. The ICR mice motility were the most sensitive to experimental stress among the mouse strains evaluated. 3. Brain dopamine concentrations were greater in ICR and CDF-I mice than the other two mouse strains. This is compared to high serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels determined in C57BL/6. 4. A relationship between the ICR mouse strain with a high motility and the ratios of brain dopamine:homovanillic acid and between serotonin:5-hydroxyindole acetic acid was established. 5. An inverse relationship between ICR mice motility and the ratio of metanephrine and normetanephrine:3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was determined. 6. It is concluded that genetic predisposition may account for a relationship between motor activity and brain biogenic amines which may give insight into the susceptibility of different patients to the development of certain extrapyramidal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Calcitonin enhances the effects of nimodipine on biogenic amines of rat brain.

1. Nimodipine affects the brain biogenic amines suggesting both inhibition of the striatal dopaminergic system and activation of serotonergic systems in various brain areas. 2. Salmon calcitonin affects serotonergic systems as nimodipine does. 3. It was hypothesized that these effects could be more than additive since they all have been ascribed to inhibition of neuronal calcium influx. 4. Biogenic amines and metabolites were determined in brain areas obtained from rats pretreated with saline or salmon calcitonin (10 MRC U/kg, s.c.) and treated with nimodipine (2.5-20 mg/kg, i.p.). 5. The effects of nimodipine and salmon calcitonin appeared to be merely additive.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of several biogenic amines on in vitro progesterone secretion by the bovine corpus luteum.

1. The effect of several biogenic amines on secretion of progesterone (P4) was examined using bovine corpora lutea (n = 6), removed on day 13 of the oestrus cycle, enzymatically dispersed and cultured in vitro. 2. Luteal cell cultures were co-incubated with 0, 10, 50 or 100 ng of luteinizing hormone (LH) and 50 ng of epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NOR), dopamine (DOPA), melatonin (MEL), N-acetyl-50H-serotonin (N-acetyl-50H-tryptamine; NacS), serotonin (50H-tryptamine; 5HT) or saline control. 3. EPI, NOR and DOPA decreased baseline release of P4. 4. The magnitude of the response of P4 to LH was depressed when cells were co-incubated with DOPA, EPI and 5HT and stimulated when cells were co-incubated with MEL and NacS. 5. These data indicate that the biogenic amines might modulate ovarian steroidogenesis supplementary to hypothalamic-hypophyseal hormonal mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin for their effects on brain biogenic monoamines in the rat.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180 g) were orally dosed with deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin at 2.5 mg kg-1 body weight. Brains were collected 24 h postdosing, dissected into five brain regions and analyzed for biogenic monoamines by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. DON and T-2 toxin treatment resulted in significantly elevated concentrations of the indoleamines, serotonin (HT) and 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (HIAA) in all brain regions examined, whereas norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) regional concentrations were not significantly altered. These results indicate that DON and T-2 toxin influence brain biogenic monamine metabolism, and suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) actions of these trichothecenes are similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of tremorogenic and antitumor agents on enzymes regulating a minor metabolic pathway of biogenic amines: an hypothesis for the underlying mechanism.

The effects of some tremor-producing and antitremor agents on the enzymes sequentially metabolizing ethanol and acetaldehyde in addition to biogenic-amine-derived aldehyde intermediates were studied in mouse liver preparations. Aldehyde but not alcohol dehydrogenase was differentially stimulated by the compounds studied in vitro. This effect was confined to the mitochondrial enzyme and was isoenzyme-dependent. The results indicate difference between in vitro and in vivo effects and suggest a role for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in metabolic detoxification of endogenous biogenic aldehydes in the presence of alcohol which may explain the worsening of drug-induced tremor by ethanol.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1995

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with electrochemical detection of biogenic amines using microbore columns.

High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) is a popular method for measuring biogenic amines, owing to its simplicity, versatility, sensitivity, and specificity. Recent developments in microbore column HPLC-ED have been facilitated by miniaturization of solvent delivery, column packing, sample injection and micro-flow cell construction. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of recent developments in microbore column HPLC-ED, in terms of advantages and limitations. This paper covers the recent advancements and important factors of HPLC-ED analysis of biogenic amines using microbore columns. Particular emphasis is placed on applying this technique to microdialysis, for which great sensitivity is required. Its potential in future biomedical applications is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of biogenic amines and their metabolites in biological tissues and fluids by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICIMS).

GC-NICIMS has been employed in the analysis of biogenic amines and their metabolites in human urine and human, bovine and porcine aqueous and vitreous humour. Several new chemical derivatization procedures have been developed in order to analyse these compounds. Concentrations of octopamines and synephrines were determined in urine from treated and untreated hypertensive subjects and normotensive individuals; there were no significant differences in concentrations of these metabolites between these groups. Human urine contained several dihydroxy-phenylethylamines which have not been reported as natural metabolites before and also 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine in relatively large amounts. Aqueous and vitreous humour contained very low quantities of noradrenaline, tyramine and dopamine but measurements were inconsistent because sometimes the levels were below the limits of detection. Metabolites of a number of biogenic amines were readily detected in aqueous and vitreous humour.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Biogenic amines and DOPA in the central nervous system of decapod crustaceans.

The biogenic amines serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), octopamine (OA) and the amino acid dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were identified and measured in the brain and the eyestalks of five decapod crustacean species using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. The amounts fall within 0.01-1.1 micrograms/g or 0.17-60 pmoles, and OA is the dominating amine in most species. THe DOPA levels in many of the species varied considerably between different measurements. It is concluded that the biogenic amines and DOPA are ubiquitous in the central nervous system of decapod crustaceans and the presence of NA and DOPA increases the number of presumed neurotransmitter/modulator candidates in the crustacean nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Derivatization with acetic anhydride: applications to the analysis of biogenic amines and psychiatric drugs by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Acetylation with acetic anhydride, under both aqueous and anhydrous conditions, has been utilized to derivatize various biogenic amines and psychotropic drugs for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Under basic aqueous conditions, acetic anhydride derivatizes phenols and amines but not alcohols; under anhydrous conditions, all three functions are acetylated. Primary amines, once derivatized with acetic anhydride, can be further derivatized with other reagents; these diderivatives have proven useful for subsequent analysis by GC or GC-MS. Examples of applications of derivatization with acetic anhydride to analysis of biogenic amines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and some of their metabolites are presented.

Acetic Anhydrides↗
PubMed2004

Simultaneous analysis of amino acid and biogenic polyamines by high-performance liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization with N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide.

A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of amino acids and biogenic polyamines, using a new procedure for pre-column derivatization of amino groups with N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide is described. The separation of 20 amino acids and 4 biogenic polyamines was achieved within 32 min on a sequence of three short (50 mm) reversed-phase C18, 5 microm columns by elution buffers based on dibutylamine phosphate. The method linearity, calculated for each amino acid and polyamine, has a correlation coefficient higher than 0.991, in concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 50 microM, except for spermine and methionine, where the correlation coefficients were r = 0.984 and r = 0.979, respectively. The stability of derivatives in acidified samples at 4 degrees C and room temperature was demonstrated. The limit of quantitation was estimated to be around 50 pM in 50 microl sample injection. The repeatability of the method, expressed as R.S.D., ranged from 1.1 to 6.7%. The presented method was applied for the quantitation of amino acid and polyamine contents in beer, wine, and cell culture samples, using 2-aminoheptanoic acid or 1,7-diaminoheptane as internal standard.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

Associative learning: the instructive function of biogenic amines.

Biogenic amines like dopamine or octopamine modify neural function at multiple levels, sensitizing or depressing behaviour. Recent studies in insects have now shown that, besides a role in motivational modulation, biogenic amines substitute the reinforcer function in associative learning, thus instructing the nervous system about the relevance of external events.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Improved multiplex-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of food bacteria producing biogenic amines.

This study describes a simple and rapid multiplex-PCR method to determine the ability to produce histamine, tyramine and putrescine by bacteria. The assay is an improved method based on an assay designed for lactic acid bacteria. This improved method includes a pair of primers based on sequences from histidine decarboxylases from Gram-negative bacteria. Under the optimised conditions, the assay yielded a 367-bp DNA fragment from histidine decarboxylases of Gram-positive bacteria, 534-bp fragment from histidine decarboxylases of Gram-negative bacteria, 924-bp from bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases, and 1446-bp fragment from bacterial ornithine decarboxylases. The method was successfully applied to several biogenic amine-producing bacterial strains, even when DNAs of several target organisms were included in the same reaction. This simple method could be easily incorporated in food control laboratories to detect potentially biogenic amine-producing bacteria in foods.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Amperometric biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase for biogenic amine determinations in biological samples.

An amperometric biosensor for total biogenic amine determinations, using a carbon paste electrode modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme is described. The HRP immobilization on graphite was made using bovine serum albumin, carbodiimide and glutaraldehyde. The biosensor response was optimized using serotonin and it presented the best performance in 0.1 mol l(-1) phosphate buffer (pH=7.0) containing 10 micromol l(-1) of hydrogen peroxide. Under optimized operational conditions at -50 mV versus SCE, a linear response range from 40 to 470 ng ml(-1) was obtained. The detection limit was 17 ng ml(-1) and the response time was 0.5s. The proposed sensor presented a stable response during 4h under continuous monitoring. The difference of the response between six sensor preparations was <2%. The sensor was applied in the determination of total biogenic amines (neurotransmitters) in rat blood samples with success, obtaining a recovery average of 102%.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Defect in normal developmental increase of the brain biogenic amine concentrations in the mecp2-null mouse.

To clarify whether Mecp2 dysfunction may cause impairment of the monoaminergic and serotonergic systems, we measured the whole brain concentrations of biogenic amines and related substrates in three mecp2-null male mice and four control mice of each age at 0-42 postnatal days by HPLC methods. After 14 postnatal days, concentrations of biogenic amines were smaller in mecp2-null mice than those in control mice and at 42 postnatal days, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin concentrations in mecp2-null mice were significantly smaller by 25, 24 and 16%, respectively. This result suggested that the absence of Mecp2 does not impair the neurogenesis of monoaminergic and serotonergic neurons but causes succeeding impairment of those neuronal systems from 14 postnatal days.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

LIM homeobox gene-dependent expression of biogenic amine receptors in restricted regions of the C. elegans nervous system.

Biogenic amines regulate a variety of behaviors. Their functions are predominantly mediated through G-protein-coupled 7-transmembrane domain receptors (GPCR), 16 of which are predicted to exist in the genome sequence of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We describe here the expression pattern of several of these aminergic receptors, including two serotonin receptors (ser-1 and ser-4), one tyramine receptor (ser-2), and two dopamine receptors (dop-1 and dop-2). Moreover, we describe distinct but partially overlapping expression patterns of different splice forms of the ser-2 tyramine receptor locus. We find that each of the aminergic receptor genes is expressed in restricted regions of the nervous system and that many of them reveal significant overlap with the expression of regulatory factors of the LIM homeobox (Lhx) gene family. We demonstrate that the expression of several of the biogenic amine receptors is abrogated in specific cell types in Lhx gene mutants, thus establishing a role for these Lhx genes in regulating aspects of neurotransmission. We extend these findings with other cell fate markers and show that the lim-4 Lhx gene is required for several but not all aspects of RID motor neuron differentiation and that the lim-6 Lhx gene is required for specific aspects of RIS interneuron differentiation. We also use aminergic receptor gfp reporter fusions as tools to visualize the anatomy of specific neurons in Lhx mutant backgrounds and find that the development of the elaborate dendritic branching pattern of the PVD harsh touch sensory neuron requires the mec-3 Lhx gene. Lastly, we analyze a mutant allele of the ser-2 tyramine receptor, a target of the ttx-3 Lhx gene in the AIY interneuron class. ser-2 mutants display none of the defects previously shown to be associated with loss of AIY function.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Derivatization, stabilization and detection of biogenic amines by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence detection.

o-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives of eight biogenic amines were stabilized at 5 degrees C by forming inclusion complexes with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD). The derivatives were separated and detected by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV or laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Using a borate buffer, pH 9.0 consisting of ethanol and a mixture of negatively charged sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin and neutral MBCD, baseline separation of the eight OPA derivatives was achieved within 25 min with high separation efficiencies. The detection limits (S/N=3) obtained by UV and LIF detection were determined to be 10 microM and 0.250 microM, respectively. Glutamic acid was added after the initial derivatization step to neutralize residual OPA which otherwise caused a significant interference, particularly when analysis was performed around the detection limit of the OPA derivatives. Important biogenic amines in fish, wine and urine were then derivatized and determined by CE-LIF. In the case of sole and rainbow trout, the results obtained were validated by an enzymatic assay using putrescine oxidase.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1983

Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to study the caeruloplasmin-catalysed oxidation of biogenic amines. I. Single substrate systems.

Reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography was used to monitor the oxidation of four biogenic amines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) by the copper-containing protein, caeruloplasmin. The methods are reproducible and sufficiently rapid to permit the handling of plasma sample batches. Kinetic parameters obtained using the method are in good agreement with those obtained by more traditional means of enzyme assay. Finally, the results support the view that more than one site on the enzyme, whether binding or oxidative, may be involved in the oxidation of biogenic amines, and the possible implications of this are briefly discussed.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1991

High-performance liquid chromatography of biogenic amines in the corpus cardiacum of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana.

The simultaneous determination of biogenic amines in the corpus cardiacum of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with a Neurochem neurochemical analyser. Vanillic acid, dopamine, octopamine and tyramine were detected. Tyrosine and tryptophan were also detected at high levels. Octopamine levels in the corpus cardiacum were increased on injection of an acetone solution. The biological function of the biogenic amines detected is discussed.

Animals↗