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PubMed1985

Barrier contraception in the teenager: a comparison of four methods in adolescent girls.

The use-effectiveness and continuation rates of 4 methods of contraception were studied during a 2 year follow-up period in a group of 405 teenage girls. Results were compared in 2 groups of adolescents, 1 of highly motivated, high socioeconomic status girls (A) and 1 of poorly motivated, low socioeconomic status adolescent clinic patients (B). The method of contraception was selected by the girls, who were instructed in their proper use. Results showed good rates of continuation among girls of the 1st group as compared to those of the 2nd group. Pregnancy rates after 24 months of use, as calculated by Pearl's formula, was 3.6 and 5.4 respectively with the use of a condom, and 5.8 and 10.8 when the diaphragm was used. When using vaginal foam alone, the rates were 4.2 and 12.3 and with the rhythm method, 8.5 and 13.1. The foam-alone method was unpopular in both groups. No serious side effects or complications were recorded. The study demostrated a reasonable acceptability and use-effectiveness for barrier contraceptives. It is suggested that these harmless and complication-free methods, especially the condom and diaphragm, may be reasonable alternatives for the more modern methods in teens of all socioeconomic strata; an effort must be made to educate and instruct the poorly motivated and encourage them to present themselves for regular follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[A qualitative study on the reasons why the rural people in Nan province use contraceptive].

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons that rural people in Nan Province choose particular contraceptive methods, and places of services. The study utilizes the data from the study on the Impact and Efficiency of the Family Planning Program in Thailand: Phase II, which applied in-depth interview and small group discussion techniques. Findings indicate that wanting to limit the number of children to 2, wanting to space pregnancy, the limit of land, the conflict with working situation, and economic hardship are the reasons for using family planning. The major sources of contraception are health center, community health office, village health volunteer, village health practitioner, the border patrol police unit, and the military unit including other government agencies in the areas. As for the reasons for choosing a particular contraceptive method, convenience in practice and on obtaining services, desire for more children and concern over side effects are important.

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bases for formulating a program to promote breast-feeding: methodological aspects].

Based on the relevance of breastfeeding for maternal-infant health, it is necessary that the prospective and longitudinal studies carried out in Mexico be analyzed as a whole in order to create an analytic model and to develop an institutional intervention program concerning the mother's risk of not starting or of abandoning lactation. To create this program all the factors which can be modified must be taken into account in order to make sure the mother has the elements to make a decision. The National Institute of Perinatology has developed a research program about lactation that consists of 3 studies that have been carried out since 1983. The general aim of these studies is to understand the breastfeeding phenomenon in an integral way considering the role of the institution as an educational instrument and a means of providing health support. These studies were based on different perspectives, approaches and times but had similar objectives. For this reason it is desirable to analyze them as a whole in order to obtain new considerations and temporal projections. In order to integrate the 3 studies a database will be created and then an analytical model (from a multivariate analysis) will be generated from the 1st study (by temporal order) which will be tested in the 2nd study making the pertinent modifications and finally it will be applied in the 3rd study. At the same time it will be necessary to group the variables into 2 classification systems: The first according to the temporal proximity with regard to lactation and the second according to the organization level to which they belong.

Americas↗
PubMed1994

Internal migration for recent immigrants to Canada.

"This study examines the extent to which internal migration among recent immigrants to Canada is affected and constrained by characteristics related to admission. By examining measures of information and personal ties, it may be possible to establish that migration behavior is rational regardless of economic incentives." It is suggested that "internal migration in the first year after arrival is strongly affected by characteristics such as admission status, destination at arrival, reason for immigration, and area of origin. With increasing length of residence in Canada, though, the effect of these admission factors on internal migration behavior diminishes." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Children as income-producing assets: the case of teen illegitimacy and government transfers.

This paper develops a classical model of the teen fertility decision in the presence of public income transfers. The theoretical model predicts that welfare payments will encourage fertility, holding constant other economic opportunities, and that better economic opportunities will discourage fertility. Considering the possible simultaneity of illegitimacy rates and benefit levels, due to the collective choice process, the authors confirm the theoretical model's predictions with state-level data from 1980 through 1990. The authors find that including fixed effects in the regression to control for unobserved differences between states does not sufficiently control for endogeneity. After controlling for endogeneity, real welfare benefits are strongly and robustly related to teen illegitimacy. The point estimates of the elasticity with respect to changes in the illegitimacy rate are around +1.3 for White teens and +2.1 for Black teens. Real wages for women with a high school education or less are negatively related to teen illegitimacy for White teens, with an elasticity of around -0.4. Finally, male wages appear to have little effect on the illegitimacy rate for White teens but appear negatively correlated with the illegitimacy rate for Black teens in some model specifications.

Adolescent↗