Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bahrain”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

An epornitic of avian pox in houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii).

An epornitic of avian pox occurred in a flock of 123 houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) received at the Sulman Falcon Hospital in the State of Bahrain in February 1993. Birds displayed conjunctivitis, excessive lacrimation and papilloma-like growths forming amorphous clusters on the third eyelid and on the conjunctiva. Examination of eyelid samples under transmission electron microscopy revealed pox virus particles displaying the classical morphology of vaccinia-avipox virions. Typical pox lesions were also detected 5 days post infection (p.i.) on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The virus titre on CAM was 10(7) focus-forming units (FFU)/ml. In tissue culture, only a slight cytopathogenic effect (CPE) was detected 5 days p.i. the virus titre on cell cultures was 10(4.5)FFU/ml. The virus infection in cell culture appeared to be abortive and no CPE was seen after three passages in secondary chicken embryo fibroblasts. No neutralization of the cell-grown virus was detected on serological studies using antisera directed against fowl, pigeon, canary and sparrowpox viruses. The discussion is framed around the different cultural properties of the houbara bustard pox virus isolate and its relationship to other known viral strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of RANTES expression in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: an aid in the differential diagnosis?

BACKGROUND: RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) expression is increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). RANTES is produced at higher levels in granulomatous conditions, so increased RANTES expression can be expected in Crohn's disease compared with ulcerative colitis. AIM: To compare RANTES expression between intestinal biopsy specimens of patients with Crohn's disease and those with ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal symptoms at the Bahrain Specialist Hospital from July 2004 to April 2005 was carried out. Endoscopic colonic biopsy specimens were taken from every patient and subjected to (a) routine haematoxylin and eosin staining examination by light microscopy, (b) immunohistochemistry for examination of RANTES protein expression by light microscopy and (c) in situ hybridisation for examination of RANTES mRNA expression by light microscopy. RANTES expression was assessed and quantified. RESULTS: 58 patients were enrolled to the study. Of them, 40 had IBD (21 had Crohn's disease and 19 had ulcerative colitis), 15 were controls with normal colonic biopsy results or non-inflammatory lesions and 3 had colonic inflammatory lesions other than IBD. RANTES expression in lymphocytes or histiocytes was significantly higher (p = 0.04) in new patients with ulcerative colitis than in those with Crohn's disease analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). CONCLUSION: RANTES expression in lymphocytes or histiocytes is significantly higher in patients with ulcerative colitis than in those with Crohn's disease. Hence, RANTES IHC can be an effective method for distinguishing between biopsy specimens of patients with ulcerative colitis from those of patients with Crohn's disease, where routine histological features are indeterminate. RANTES IHC may prove to be a useful technique for identifying early or equivocal granulomas.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1994

An audit of sickle cell screening in a paediatric hospital population.

Current UK guidelines for the detection of sickle cell disease (SSD) recommend pre-operative screening of patients of African or Afro-Caribbean descent and of patients from the Middle East, South Italy, Greece and India. These recommendations have considerable cost implications for the NHS. We have undertaken a retrospective audit of the use of SSD screening in our own institution. Between January 1987 and August 1992, 1305 patients under 15 years of age (mean 3.8 years) underwent screening for SSD. Surgical patients accounted for 1120 tests (85.8%). The majority of patients tested were of Asian descent (n = 955; 73%); only 350 (27%) were of African or Afro-Caribbean descent. Only four patients (0.3%) tested positive (all sickle cell trait); three of Afro-Caribbean descent and one from Bahrain. We conclude that, in our population, the incidence of HbS is low. Patients of African or Afro-Caribbean descent should continue to be tested but a selective policy may be indicated in other ethnic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Policies and practices related to information system adoption in hospitals owned by Ministries of Health in the Arab Gulf.

This is a discussion paper based on the findings from a study of the factors affecting the adoption of computer-based hospital information systems (CBHIS) in the Arabian Gulf. The study involved on-site visits to hospitals in Bahrain, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates as well as visits to ministries of health in these countries. The focus of this paper is on the adoption of CBHIS by ministry of health (MOH) hospitals, in specific, because of the main role that ministries of health play as providers of health care in the Region. Prior to describing CBHIS adoption practices, an overview of the Region in terms of its economic development and its health care delivery systems is presented. Next, the research setting along with the major findings are briefly described followed by a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of centralized CBHIS adoptions. Finally, management guidelines related to the adoption of CBHIS by multi-hospital institutions are proposed.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1992

Serological survey for bovine bacterial and viral pathogens in captive Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx Pallas, 1776).

Tests for antibodies to bovine bacterial and viral pathogens were conducted on 239 sera from 128 Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) from seven locations (Taif, Riyadh and Mahazat as Said, Saudi Arabia; San Diego, United States of America [USA]; Shaumari, Jordan; Qatar; and Bahrain). No antibodies to Pasteurella multocida type E or epizootic haemorrhagic disease 1 virus were found. Antibodies to Brucella abortus, P. multocida type B, P. multocida type D, lumpy skin disease virus and Akabane virus were detected in 2, 1, 5, 2 and 1 animals, respectively. Evidence of P. multocida type A, Coxiella burnetti, Chlamydia psittaci and parainfluenza 3 virus was found in 3 herds (prevalence in the main herd [n = 78]: 8%), 3 herds (8%), 6 herds (7%) and 5 herds (15%), respectively. Evidence of antibodies against bluetongue virus was found in five oryx from the USA and in one oryx from the Taif herd. Antibody vaccinal titres against rinderpest virus (and the virus of peste des petits ruminants, due to cross-reactions) were found in almost all the herds. This is the first report of antibodies against B. abortus, C. burnetti, C. psittaci, parainfluenza 3 virus and Akabane virus in the genus Oryx.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pneumocystis carinii infection. Update and review.

OBJECTIVE: To review and update the literature on current trends with regard to Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci ) diagnosis, treatment modalities, and its role in human disease processes. DATA SOURCES: Bibliographic databases (PubMed and Ovid) were searched for material and data between 1980 and September 2003 relevant to the review. Indexing terms used were "Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia," and "Pneumocystis jiroveci," with the English language as a constraint. Other sources were the PhD thesis of one of the authors (J.F.W., London University, 1993) and the library at the Arabian Gulf University in the Kingdom of Bahrain. STUDY SELECTION: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and organ transplant cases with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. DATA EXTRACTION: Independent extraction by 2 observers. DATA SYNTHESIS: We reviewed the major characteristics of P carinii (jiroveci ) with special emphasis on the more recently acquired data including the presence of a round pore in the cyst wall, which appears to be used for the release of sporozoites, supporting the hypothesis of sexual reproduction in P carinii (jiroveci ). CONCLUSIONS: Opportunistic infection with P carinii (jiroveci ) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus and non-human immunodeficiency virus-associated immunosuppressed patients. Diagnosis may be achieved in the majority of cases by routine cytochemical stains and specialized techniques such as immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. The incidence of P carinii pneumonia can significantly be reduced with effective use of prophylaxis and early detection of cases at high risk. Immunization for P carinii pneumonia is in the early stages and presents a challenging area for research.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the macro- and trace element composition of the hair in the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America].

Macro- and trace element composition of hairs on the head, chest, in the armpits, and on the pubis in the population of Asia, Africa, and Latin America adapted and not to the climate, geographic and ecological conditions of the Russian Federation (Moscow) is studied by spectrography (DPS-13 spectrograph). Element composition of residents of 16 countries is analyzed by variation statistics methods using PC: Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, India, Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Rwanda, Kenya, Sudan, Mexico, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brasilia, Columbia, and Chile. Hairs from residents of East Europe (Russians, Byelorussians, Ukrainians) living in Moscow for 6-8 years (adapted) were the reference for comparison. A total of 371 specimens of hairs were examined. Hairs from adapted and not adapted residents of the above-listed countries and continents differ significantly from each other and from the hairs of Russians, Byelorussians, and Ukrainians living in Moscow.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

Geographical distribution of biomedical publications from the Gulf Corporation Council countries.

OBJECTIVE: It was our purpose to perform a geographical analysis for the number of biomedical and clinical research publications from the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council over the past decade (1990-1999). METHODS: Medline was searched with the aid of the Internet provider PubMed. By using the advanced search option, entries were based on the country name for each of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and the time period considered. RESULTS: The number of Medline-listed biomedical research papers published in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries over the last 10 years totaled 6,960 and increased by 14% over the past decade. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia followed by Kuwait was by far the most prolific and accounted for 67 and 16% of publications. The research output from the United Arab Emirates and Oman grew steadily over the past decade, while it appeared to plateau for both Bahrain and Qatar. CONCLUSION: Taking into account that Gulf Cooperation Council countries have a relatively short history of research, the data show that the Gulf Cooperation Council countries are very prolific in terms of Medline-indexed biomedical research publications.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Antibiotic susceptibilities of Helicobacter pylori.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of resistance among 83 Helicobacter pylori isolates cultured from biopsies taken during routine endoscopies in 1998-1999. METHODS: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of amoxicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin and metronidazole were determined by Epsilometer test. RESULTS: Forty-seven strains (57%) were resistant to metronidazole, and 27 (32.5%) were resistant to clarithromycin. Twenty of the 27 strains resistant to clarithromycin were also resistant to metronidazole. None of the strains were resistant to amoxicillin or tetracycline. CONCLUSION: A high percentage of patients from Bahrain were infected with resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotic resistance monitoring is very important and unified national treatment policies are needed.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed2001

Abnormal uterine bleeding. Diagnostic value of hysteroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of hysteroscopic impression versus histological diagnosis of endometrial curettings in evaluating patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. In addition, to determine whether office hysteroscopy can eliminate hospital diagnostic dilatation and curettage for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. METHODS: A retrospective study of 556 patients who underwent hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage for abnormal uterine bleeding between January 1995 and December 1998 at the Salmaniya Medical Complex in Bahrain. A comparison was made between hysteroscopic impression and histological examination. RESULTS: Out of 556 patients who were included in the study, 53 were diagnosed to have endometrial polyps hysteroscopically, however only 13 patients (24.5%) were confirmed to have polyps histologically. Hysteroscopy had revealed submucous leiomyoma in 33 women but none of these were diagnosed histologically. Hysteroscopy was highly specific for diagnosis of both endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma (specificity was 85% for endometrial hyperplasia and 99.5% for endometrial carcinoma), however the sensitivity of hysteroscopy for diagnosing endometrial cancer was 40% and 30% for endometrial hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopy was more sensitive than curettage in detecting endometrial polyps and submucous fibroids, but less sensitive than curettage in detecting endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Hysteroscopy should be carried out in conjunction with curettage for evaluating women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Office hysteroscopy with directed biopsies could be carried out, to reduce hospital diagnostic dilatation and curettage.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Clinicopathological study of pilomatricoma.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and histopathologic spectrum of pilomatricoma, the benign tumor of hair matrix. METHODS: Retrospective review of 27 cases of pilomatricoma (Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) reported at Bahrain Defence Force Hospital from 1993-1999. RESULTS: Most of the cases were confused clinically with sebaceous cysts. Seventy eight per cent of the cases occurred below the age of 30 years. Female to male ratio was 5:4. Head, neck and upper limb were the most common sites for pilomatricoma. The size of the tumors ranged from between 4-35 mm in diameter. Tumors were encapsulated and solid composed of shadow and basophilic cells, and stroma containing varying amounts of calcification, ossification and inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: Pilomatricomas have a wide variety of clinical characteristics and are often misdiagnosed with other skin conditions. They should be considered along with other benign and malignant conditions in the clinical differential diagnosis of solitary firm skin nodules especially those, which occur in the head, neck and upper limb.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Global situation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)--a short review.

This article reviews the actual world FMD situation. In 2000, fifty nine countries officially reported outbreaks of FMD. The disease occurred in Europe (Greece), Asia (Russia, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, in Caucasian region--Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia as well as in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan), Africa (Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe) and in South America (Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela). In 2001, FMD was still spreading throughout the endemic regions and appeared in some of the west European countries--Great Britain, The Netherlands, France and Ireland. In South America, FMD occurred in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Colombia. In Asia the FMD spread in Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Iran, Bhutan, Nepal, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan. The FMD situation in Africa was unclear, but probably most countries in West, East and South Africa were affected. The most recent data of the OIE from May 2002 confirmed FMD outbreaks in population of pigs in Republic of Korea.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological characteristics of head hairs and hairs from other parts of the body in the population of Asia].

The paper describes specific morphological features of hairs from the head, beard, chest, axilla, pubis of the native population of Syria, India, Lebanon, Jordan, Yemen, Nepal, Palestine, Bahrain, Iraq and some residents of the Eastern Europe (Russians, Belorussians, Ukrainians). The hairs were studied macroscopically and microscopically (light microscopy). Digital data on hair thickness and number of lines of cuticula pattern were analysed using methods of variance statistics. Original information on some macro- and microscopic characteristics of hair has been obtained for citizens of the above countries.

Asia, Western↗
PubMed2003

Routine ultrasound in acute retention of urine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of urological abnormalities in routine urinary tract ultrasonography (renal and pelvic) in patients with urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: All patients presented to Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain with acute retention of urine secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the period between January 2001 and December 2001 were included. The frequency of urological abnormalities, other than BPH, was obtained. RESULTS: One hundred patients were enrolled with a mean age of 67 years. Forty-one patients (41%) had other urological abnormalities. Among these, 3 cases of malignancy were discovered incidentally. A case of renal cell carcinoma, which was completely excised, and 4 cases of bladder tumor, 2 were new cases and 2 were previously known cases of cancer bladder. Other urological abnormalities were renal stones (9 cases), renal cysts (9 cases), hydronephrosis (14 cases) and bladder stones (5 cases). Asymptomatic non-urological abnormalities were gallstones (3 cases), liver cirrhosis (one case) and hepatic hemangioma (one case). Renal impairment was found in 18% of all patients and 80% with hydronephrosis. Four patients had hypoechoic nodules, and all had cancer prostate. CONCLUSION: Significant fraction of patients with acute urinary retention due to BPH have another pathology; although the majority are trivial and it did not influence the immediate management, some are life threatening such as renal cell carcinoma and bladder tumor. Hydronephrosis can be missed if one depends solely on renal biochemistry. Thus, routine evaluation of such patients with pelvic and renal ultrasonography is justified.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Low carbohydrate diet. Its effects on selected body parameters of obese patients.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study, which involved 13 obese patients, was conducted to determine the effect of a low carbohydrate diet on the body weight and other body parameters, including blood pressure and selected biochemistry indicators. METHODS: The study was carried out in Naim Health Center, Bahrain during the period March 2002 to April 2002. Each individual was followed for 6 weeks while on a low carbohydrate diet, with careful monitoring during the study period. RESULTS: Paired t-test showed statistically significant reduction of waist circumference (p<0.00) and body weight (p<0.00) of the sample population after 6 weeks from the commencement of the diet. The body mass index also showed statistically significant reduction during the study period (p<0.01). Furthermore, blood cholesterol level was reduced (p<0.012). Although there was a statistically significant decrease in the fasting blood sugar levels (p<0.01), the mean readings remained within the normal range of blood sugar levels. There were no statistically significant changes in the levels of urate, creatinine, urea, triglyceride, and in systolic or diastolic blood pressure readings (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Low carbohydrate diet could help in reducing body weight without any significant harmful effect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family medicine in Lebanon: the 10th anniversary.

Developing a family practice residency program was a logical step in addressing the needs for primary care in Lebanon. The American University of Beirut initiated a family practice residency program in 1979. The curriculum was structured following the guidelines of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Since its establishment, the program has participated in the design, launching, and maintenance of the family practice residency in Bahrain. Future plans include establishing other programs in the region and increasing community participation.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2004

The Watched Structure Clinical Examination (WASCE) as a tool of assessment.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of medical students' clinical competencies is still evolving. The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of a new tool of assessment to assess medical students at the end of clinical rotations. METHODS: A new tool has been developed in the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain, called the Watched Structure Clinical Examination (WASCE). It was used at the end of the Family Medicine clinical rotation during the academic year 2000-2001 involving 62 final year students. RESULTS: The study found a significant statistical correlation between the students' results in the WASCE and their results in Doctor of Medicine final examination, which included the written examination, the patient encountered clinical examination and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). CONCLUSION: Watched Structured Clinical Examination can be a useful method of assessment for examining certain clinical skills, with an advantage over the OSCE in that it is less time consuming, more cost effective, requires less supervising staff to conduct the examination and, more importantly, it is less stressful to the students.

Adult↗