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PubMed1972

Morita therapy.

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Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2002

Determinants of dental status and caries among adults in southern Thailand.

This study describes the tooth mortality and the prevalence and severity of dental caries among 30- to 39- and 50- to 59-year-old rural Thais from the Province of Songhkla, Thailand. Three hundred and sixty-three persons were given a clinical examination, including assessment of dental status, dental caries, and periodontal recordings. Information on religious faith, smoking, and betel use was obtained by means of an interview. The prevalence of edentulism was low (<2% among 50- to 59-year-olds). The mean number of teeth present was high, 29.4 among the 30- to 39-year-olds and 24.3 among the 50- to 59-year-olds. The prevalence of caries was high (91% among 30- to 39-year-olds and 84% among 50- to 59-year-olds). The mean DFT values were 5.7 and 5.8, respectively, and a substantial part of the DFT consisted of deep dentin lesions. The results did not corroborate the hypothesis that persons of Muslim faith have worse dental conditions than do Thai Buddhist or that dental disease levels are higher among the Thai population than among other Southeast Asian populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Eastern meditative techniques and hypnosis: a new synthesis.

In this article major ancient Buddhist meditation techniques, samatha, vipassana, Zen, and ton-len, will be described in reference to contemporary clinical hypnosis. In so doing, the Eastern healing framework out of which these techniques emerged is examined in comparison with and in contrast to its Western counterpart. A growing body of empirical literature shows that meditation and hypnosis have many resemblances despite the distinct differences in underlying philosophy and technical methodologies. Although not all meditation techniques "fit" the Western culture, each has much to offer to clinicians who are familiar with hypnosis.

Buddhism↗
PubMed1986

Transcultural sexology: formicophilia, a newly named paraphilia in a young Buddhist male.

Children whose species-specific, juvenile sexual rehearsal play is thwarted or traumatized are at risk for developing a compensatory paraphilia. The case of a Buddhist male exemplifies the cross-cultural application of this principle. His syndrome, formicophilia, was endogenously generated without reference to or influence by commercial pornography. The complete causal explanation of paraphilia will require both a phylogenetic (phylismic) and an ontogenetic (life-history) component. The treatment of paraphilia may combine an antiandrogenic hormone with sexological counseling.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Enriching the sexual experience of couples: the Asian traditions and sexual counseling.

Drawing from Hindu and Buddhist Tantric traditions, central themes reflecting Asian approaches to sexuality are described and contrasted with contemporary values, assumptions, and objectives implicit in both sexual experience and in the clinical practice of sexual counseling. The Tantric ceremonial sex ritual provides a fertile source for several innovative behavioral assignments useful in sexual counseling. Five exercises in intimacy derived from the ancient Tantric sex ritual are presented and suggested as home assignments for couples: the creation of a ritual, synchronized breathing, sustained eye contact, motionless intercourse, and sexual exchange without orgasm. Applications to intimacy development, sexual enhancement, and sexual counseling for couples are described, creating a broad and meaningful context for responding to clients' sexual concerns.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2001

Social attitudes toward shaving for cranial neurosurgery.

Unshaved cranial neurological surgery has been successfully performed at Songklanagarind Hospital. However, within the Buddhist community, shaving is one of the traditional procedures for cleanliness and purification, and the unshaved method may have a cultural effect on social beliefs. Knowledge of social attitudes toward shaving or not shaving for cranial neurological surgery has implications for informed consent process prior to cranial operation. The attitudes of shaving were surveyed in the communities of Songkhla Province where Songklanagarind Hospital is situated. Of 1128 respondents, the female to male ratio was 3:2, their age was mostly under 40 years old and 91% were Buddhist. Sixty per cent of the respondents were in favour of shaving. After knowing the equivalent result of surgery either by shaved or unshaved method, the group favouring unshaved cranial surgery increased from 12 to 37%. Statistical analysis, through ordinal and multinomial logit, identified the young age, female and more educated who needed to socialize, and frequently meet many people were the groups who preferred or were ready to change their choice to the unshaved method. The neurosurgeon should give an advice to the patient not only the indications and results of surgery, but also a choice of shaved or unshaved cranial neurological surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women and AIDS caregiving: women's work?

In this ethnographic study, I examine personal, kinship, and social obligations and the role of women in the traditional Thai family. Under what circumstances do women take on the responsibility to care or not care, and how do they cope with the disease and care when they are also infected? Fifteen women who were afflicted or affected by HIV/AIDS participated in in-depth interviews and participant observations. Analysis employed mainly qualitative methods following Spradley. I show that women who are responsible for caring for both themselves and others, including members of their immediate families or extended family members, face a double jeopardy by virtue of their inferior role and status. When HIV-infected women experience illness, sometimes they feel split; they are incapable of functioning normally, yet they are obligated to do "What they've got to do." Women as carers feel that they have to care because they want to free someone else from suffering despite the fact that they are also suffering. Women roles as family carers seem to be both psychologically and socially constructed. AIDS care is not just a labour of love, but also is done in the spirit of work following Buddhist beliefs of karma and metta. In conclusion, traditional, persistent gender imbalances and inequalities influence women's sexuality, vulnerability, responsibility, and caregiving. When women become infected with HIV and sick with AIDS, their quality of life drops because of the physical, psychological, cultural value, and economic burdens of care they face. AIDS then necessitates rather than prevents women from fulfilling their multiple roles. Consequently, there is a need for greater support especially among Thai women who are afflicted and affected with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Attitudes toward death in rural areas of Japan.

Attitudes toward death in rural areas of Japan were investigated by means of a questionnaire. One hundred and sixty out of the 319 families residing on a small island were randomly chosen and 94 percent of them (average age 48 years, male 57 percent; living with parents 41 percent) responded. The respondents did not clearly distinguish the dead from the living in their life-styles. They seemed to recognize a continuity between living and death. They reported having confronted death as members of a family or small local community rather than individually. Community or family is seen as playing a more important role in determining respondents' attitudes toward death than their personal feelings.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1990

Three case reports of the metabolic and electroencephalographic changes during advanced Buddhist meditation techniques.

To examine the extent to which advanced meditative practices might alter body metabolism and the electroencephalogram (EEG), we investigated three Tibetan Buddhist monks living in the Rumtek monastery in Sikkim, India. In a study carried out in February 1988, we found that during the practice of several different meditative practices, resting metabolism (VO2) could be both raised (up to 61%) and lowered (down to 64%). The reduction from rest is the largest ever reported. On the EEG, marked asymmetry in alpha and beta activity between the hemispheres and increased beta activity were present. From these three case reports, we conclude that advanced meditative practices may yield different alterations in metabolism (there are also forms of meditation that increase metabolism) and that the decreases in metabolism can be striking.

Arousal↗
PubMed2005

Contemplating choice: attitudes towards intervening in human reproduction in Sri Lanka.

To date, relatively little is known about the ethical, legal and social responses to recent advances in reproductive and genetic technology outside Europe and North America. This article reports on a survey carried out among doctors (n=278) and medical students (n=1256) in Sri Lanka to find out more about their responses to novel interventions in human reproduction such as In-Vitro Fertilization, Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis and genetic engineering. In the first part of the paper comparisons are drawn between this survey and a survey carried out in 1985 which also considered issues surrounding amniocentesis and therapeutic termination. The second part of the paper deals with more recent developments. The analysis reveals high levels of support for the use of new technologies in treating infertility and identifying genetic disorders. However, differences are apparent among the major religious communities represented in the sample and these are particularly in evidence in relation to prenatal genetic diagnosis. An important theme throughout both surveys is the continuing tension surrounding State policy and termination of pregnancy and the implications this has for the development of screening and counseling services where genetic disorders are concerned.

Abortion, Eugenic↗
PubMed1995

Ficus.

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Botany↗