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This study compares the elastic properties of a number of different bandages both in the non-sterile condition and after sterilisation by autoclaving at 134-138 degrees C. Results suggest that, although some products can withstand sterilisation, the performance of some elasticated and coated bandages is adversely affected by excessive heat.
The application of external compression is known to be an effective treatment for venous ulcers and the skills required to provide adequate pressure depend on the type of compression to be applied. Holistic assessment of the patient, along with education of the practitioner, leads to safe application of compression bandages. Incorrectly applied bandages can cause an increase in the size of the ulcer and may lead to amputation if used on ischaemic limbs1.
This small study was undertaken to evaluate a new four-layer bandage (4LB) system (Ultra Four, Robinson). The aim was to provide initial user information about the product and compare it with the previously used original Charing Cross 4LB system. Subjective evaluations of the comparative performance of the Ultra Four system were assessed using a weekly treatment questionnaire in 30 patients. Both patients and nurses commented on the usability of each individual layer and the overall performance of the new system over a period of up to 12 weeks or until healing. After 12 weeks 15/30 ulcers (50%) had healed. Using life table analysis, allowing for patients who failed to reach 12 weeks, the expected healing rate was 65%. The performance of each individual layer was considered similar to those of the Charing Cross 4LB in terms of wear and tear, slippage and ease of removal. However, there was an indication that the fourth layer provided superior wear and tear at the heel and better ease of application and ease of removal than the original. After one week of treatment the Ultra Four system was rated better than the original 4LB for wear and tear at the heel in 15/28 patients (54%), for overall wear and tear in 12/25 (48%), for ease of application in 9/27 (33%) and for ease of removal in 11/26 (42%). This study relied on the nurses' experience rather than a direct comparison between bandages. However, it does indicate that the relative performance of products may help nurses to make decisions when objective comparative data are not available.
Freeze-dried dura mater allografts (FDDMA) were used as a biologic bandage covering periodontal osseous defects which were grafted with autogenous bone particles. Seven consenting adult patients having multiple one-, two-, and wide three-wall periodontal osseous defects participated in the study. Four to 6 weeks following initial preparation, all defects were treated by full thickness flap surgery, debridement of defects, root planing, intramarrow penetration as needed, and autogenous bone grafts that filled the defects. Randomly selected grafted defects in each patient were then covered with FDDMA (experimental) or by the host flap (RF) (control). Periodontal dressing and systemic tetracycline (250 mg q.i.d.) were used for 7 days. Frequent maintenance was performed until reevaluation at 6 months postsurgically. Soft tissue results showed no significant differences in initial probing pocket depths, recession, or gain of probing attachment. There was a significantly greater amount of probing pocket depth reduction and significantly shallower residual pockets when FDDMA was used. Hard tissue findings indicated that there were no significant differences in initial defect depth, amount of crestal resorption, or amount or percent of defect fill with either treatment. There were significant differences in the percent of defect resolution and the depth of the residual defect in favor of the FDDMA treatment. None of the FDDMA sites were felt to need a secondary surgery to correct residual defects or residual pockets. This study suggests that FDDMA may be beneficial as a "biologic bandage" to cover periodontal osseous defects that were filled with autogenous bone grafts. The trends in this study suggest that FDDMA may be very useful in periodontal regeneration procedures.
One hundred patients with sprained ankles were randomly allocated to treatment with Ibuprofen 800 mg X 3 daily and placebo and to treatment with two qualities of compression bandaging. Neither Ibuprofen nor high quality bandaging had a significant effect on the swelling, pain or tenderness.
Seventy-nine out-patients with midclavicular fractures were included in a prospective, randomized trial comparing treatment with a figure-of-eight bandage and a simple sling. Sixty-one patients completed the study and were reevaluated clinically and radiographically after 3 months. We found that treatment with a simple sling caused less discomfort and perhaps fewer complications than with the figure-of-eight bandage. The functional and cosmetic results of the two methods of treatment were identical and alignment of the healed fractures was unchanged from the initial displacement.
We constructed a follow-up study of 61 patients, who had been treated for a simple metatarsal fracture in the A & E department two to three years earlier. All patients were treated with pressure bandage for three weeks and full weight bearing, no plaster was given. Forty-nine patients filled in a questionnaire and 37 patients, with 41 metatarsal fractures, were examined clinically and radiologically. The patients had pain for a median of 10 days and were walking with full weightbearing after a median of 21 days. Two percent (one patient) found the treatment not satisfactory. There were no clinical signs of malfunctioning of the feet. Of the fractures, 51% were avulsion fractures of the 5th metatarsal, 27% were fractures of the distal diaphysis of the 5th metatarsal, 10% were Jones' fractures and 12% other metatarsal fractures. All fractures healed without further treatment. We recommend pressure bandage and full weight bearing as first choice treatment of simple metatarsal fracture (2nd-5th metatarsal).
We examined the effects of low stretch compression bandaging (CB) alone or in combination with manual lymph drainage (MLD) in 38 female patients with arm lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer. After CB therapy for 2 weeks (Part I), the patients were allocated to either CB or CB + MLD for 1 week (Part II). Arm volume and subjective assessments of pain, heaviness and tension were measured. The mean lymphedema volume reduction for the total group during Part I was 188 ml (p < 0.001), a mean reduction of 26% (p < 0.001). During Part II the volume reduction in the CB + MLD group was 47 ml (p < 0.001) and in CB group 20 ml. These differences were not significant (p = 0.07). A percentage reduction of 11% (p < 0.001) in the CB + MLD group and 4% in the CB group was significantly different (p = 0.04). In both the CB and the CB + MLD group, a decrease of feeling of heaviness (p < 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively) and tension (p < 0.001 for both) in the arm was found, but only the CB + MLD group showed decreased pain (p < 0.03). Low stretch compression bandaging is an effective treatment giving volume reduction of slight or moderate arm lymphedema in women treated for breast cancer. Manual lymph drainage adds a positive effect.
This article describes an at-home program to assist children with nocturnal digit-sucking habits. Children with such habits are candidates for this program if they wish to discontinue their habits and have no psychological contraindications for habit cessation. The program involves nightly use of an elastic bandage wrapped across the elbow. Pressure exerted by the bandage removes the digit from the mouth as the child tires and falls asleep. Careful patient selection and parent education can lead to a success rate that makes the program worth attempting prior to instituting appliance therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the antalgic activity of thermomagnetic bandages and belts in cervical and lumbar pain syndrome (respectively CPS and LPS), compared with non-magnetic devices (placebo). PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a double-blind study on two groups of 30 patients suffering from chronic back pain (15 cervical and 15 lumbar in each group). Patients had to stop any previous analgesic or antiinflammatory drug treatment at least 8 days prior to entering the study. Each subject included in the study had to wear the bandage/belt for 8 hours a day for 14 consecutive days. Before the start, every subject underwent an initial assessment of his/her current pain level and functional status through the use of two visual analogue scales (pain and functional status) and one verbal scale (pain). After the end of the study, a final assessment was made using the same tools. RESULTS: 93 and 97% (respectively in the CPS and LPS group) were the percentages of patients in the actively-treated arm who showed an improvement both in pain level and in functional status. This improvement was statistically significant vs. the correspondent placebo-treated groups (respectively, 20 and 23% in the CPS and in the LPS). No adverse events associated to treatment were signalled. CONCLUSIONS: The use of thermomagnetic bandages and belts (which are, virtually in all cases, free of contraindications) allows us a more rational and easy management of the patient suffering from chronic back pain.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of fibrinogen concentration of dry fibrin bandages on blood loss after grade V liver injury. METHODS: Twenty-four pigs were used. Grade V liver injuries were induced and treated with dry fibrin bandages containing 0, 4, 8, or 15 mg fibrinogen/cm2. Animals were monitored for 60 minutes. Blood loss, fluid use, hematological data, and hemostasis were assessed. RESULTS: Post-treatment blood losses (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1,560 mL (356-6,844), 372 mL (65-2,134), 225 mL (51-992), and 127 mL (22-732) in the 0-, 4-, 8-, and 15-mg groups, respectively. Only the 15-mg group had results significantly lower than the 0-mg group (p < 0.05). Blood loss was negatively related to fibrinogen concentration (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fibrinogen concentration was inversely related to blood loss after grade V liver injury. The 15-mg formulation was the only one that significantly reduced blood loss.
Community nurses may be required to bandage venous leg ulcers and there are a number of methods of doing so. This article will review evidence of the benefits of using short-stretch bandages and various techniques that have been developed for applying them, which have resulted in improved levels of healing.
Liquid mercury strain gauges were implanted in the forelimb proximal sesamoidean ligaments (PSL) of 8 adult horses. The gauges measured PSL strain while horses were standing with or without external support. In 6 of the horses, the gauges also measured PSL strain in horses at a walk, with or without external support. Gauges were enclosed within sliding polypropylene tubes to prevent nonaxial deformation. Each gauge was placed in 1 arm of a low-resistance half-bridge circuit. To provide temperature compensation, a dummy gauge was placed in the adjacent arm of the bridge circuit and was implanted next to the active gauge in the surrounding fascial tissue. External support included fiberglass cast support (CAST), dorsal fetlock splint support (DFS), support wraps of 3 bandage materials (SW1, SW2, and SW3), and support wrap with caudal splint (SW4). The cast was applied, with the fetlock and foot in weightbearing position, from the proximal portion of the metacarpus distal to and including the foot. The DFS was applied by placing the cranial half of the fiberglass cast on the dorsal aspect of the instrumented limb. The SW1, SW2, and SW3 were applied in a figure-8 pattern around the fetlock, using 50% of the linear stretch capacity of the bandage material, with the horse standing squarely on all 4 limbs. The SW4 was applied identically to the other support wraps, with the exception of addition of a flexible caudal splint incorporated in the support wrap. Mean maximal strain while standing (epsilon S) without external support for 8 horses was 6.0% (range, 3.8 to 7.5%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The aim of the trial was evaluation of efficacy of human cultured allofibroblasts transplantation and novel bandage Grasolind neutral (Paul Hartmann, Germany) on the wound with a large defect of nasal soft tissues. Biopsy findings at different stages of healing of the wound confirmed high regenerative properties of human allofibroblasts. The latter promoted reestablishment of full-thickness graft in minimal scarring. After use of allofibroblasts physiological desquamation started 13 days earlier than in the control group. A novel interactive bandage Grasolind (Paul Hartman, Germany) produced a positive effect as it did not damage newly formed epidermal cells which stimulated regeneration.
We employed Acuvue (Johnson & Johnson) and SeeQuence (Bausch & Lomb) disposable hydrophilic contact lenses for therapeutic purposes on 39 patients with varying pathology. Concomitant medial therapy was implemented where appropriate. The disposable bandage lens was associated with improved patient symptomatology and objective findings in the majority of cases; complications were infrequent. The disposable hydrophilic lens appears to be a reasonable alternative to traditional hydrophilic bandage lenses.
We examined the development of hypertrophic scarring in 38 children undergoing thoracic surgery. The patients were observed for average 14 months. A treatment group receiving hydrocolloid occlusive bandage (DuoDERM ConvaTec, Squibb) was compared with a control group. Although the difference between the groups did not reach statistical significance there was a clear tendency towards better prevention of hypertrophic scarring in the group treated with hydrocolloid occlusive bandage.
Proper bandaging is crucial to effective wound healing. Many factors, including oily skin, body contours, and hair must be addressed to insure proficient bandaging and wound healing.
In the industrial countries, the number of hip fractures will double or even triple in the next 20 years. Pathogenetically, it is a complex matter of medical as well as biosocial factors. Gerontoprophylactically, it is more a biomechanical problem. Therefore a light fall on to the hip at the greater trochanter is of the greatest importance. We have constructed an impact neutralizer, also designed as a hip fracture bandage, to absorb the impact forces which act on aged people during a fall. It is made of a special silicone rubber. The impact neutralizer permits an impulse amplification by a factor of approximately two. Also, the critical height of the fall is increased by a factor of three. That means that the number of hip fractures occurring in elderly people can be reduced by 30-50%, depending on the type of fall and assuming that all elderly people liable to fall wear the hip fracture bandage.