Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Anthropometry”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The indentification and evaluation of measurement variability in the anthropometry of preschool children.

Measurement variability estimates for 18 different anthropometric dimensions were collected within the context of an ongoing longitudinal in vestigation of preschool Guatemalan children. Estimates of total measurement variance, intra-observer variance, and short-term intra-subject variance are presented for each variable. A simple procedure for the evaluation of measurement variance in cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations is described in which the total measurement variance is expressed as a percentage of the appropriate inter-subject variance. This statistic serves as an index of the relative reproducibility of anthropometric variables.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1977

Radiological anthropometry of the hand in Turner's syndrome.

Metacarpal-phalangeal (M-P) lengths, metacarpal sign, and carpal angle were studied using 142 pairs of hand X-rays from 81 individuals with Turner's syndrome age 6 to 25 years. Left M-P lengths, grouped by bone age, were compared with normal female standards and Z-score pattern profiles calculated for each bone age. Differences between Turners and normals in most M-P lengths increased with age, particularly after puberty. Calculation of inter-individual and intra-individual variability yielded good evidence for a M-P pattern profile typical of Turner's syndrome, with increasing growth deficiency from distal to proximal and lateral to medial. The incidence of positive metacarpal sign was 33.8%, with no significant difference between XO and non-XO Turners. It did not appear that M4 ceased growth prematurely, suggesting that short M4 is not the result of early epiphyseal fusion. Carpal angle, reported to be abnormally decreased in Turners, was not found to differ from normal. There was no difference between right and left sides or between XO and non-XO Turners, but carpal angle did decrease significantly with both decreasing ulnar deviation in positioning of the hand and increasing age. In the latter respect Turners differ from normals who show an increase in carpal angle with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The Caingang revisited: blood genetics and anthropometry.

A total of 248 individuals belonging to four populations of Caingang Indians from southern Brazil were studied in relation to 23 genetic systems that are expressed in blood and one manifested on saliva. These results were compared with those obtained in 400 members of these same communities that were subjected to 11 body measurements. Nine polymorphic loci (MNSs, P, Rh, Duffy, Diego, Hp, PGM1, ESD, and Gc) were chosen for the calculation of the genetic distances between the four populations, which were compared with Mahalanobis's D2 differences. The two sets of values proved to be intercorrelated but neither showed a relationship with the geographic distances separating the four communities. The Caingang were previously classified linguistically as Gê, and they show several affinities with the Gê tribes, both when hematological, and morphological, characteristics are considered. A variant PGD phenotype is also described, showing a curious storage effect.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1982

On error due to graduation of scaling for anthropometry.

It is shown that the measurement error due to graduation of scaling for anthropometric variables usually follows a uniform distribution. The result is used to investigate to what extent graduation in anthropometric scales affects th short-term intrasubject variance. It is seen that for commonly used graduations the effect is not to be considered substantial.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1986

Anthropometry and the biological structure of the Hvar population.

Biological structure of the population of the island of Hvar was investigated by using the data on anthropometric variation among nine village populations; 24 body and 14 head dimensions were analysed from 487 male and 437 female adult subjects. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed heterogeneity among the populations, which says much for the strength of the isolating factors on the island. Using correlations of anthropometric and geographic distance, the observed patterns of variation among villages were closely related to geography, suggesting migration to be an important factor in the formation of the island's population structure. Populations of the examined villages were further grouped to form the population of the eastern part and the population of the western part of the island, which have an ethnodemographic and sociocultural basis. The analyses revealed heterogeneity between the populations and thus provided evidence to support the hypothesis about the existence of the genetically different groups living in the same biotope.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Simple formula for the surface area of the body and a simple model for anthropometry.

The body surface area (BSA) of any adult, when derived from the arithmetic mean of the different values calculated from four independent accepted formulae, can be expressed accurately in Systeme International d'Unites (SI) units by the simple equation BSA = 1/6(WH)0.5, where W is body weight in kg, H is body height in m, and BSA is in m2. This formula, which is derived in part by modeling the body as a simple solid of revolution or a prolate spheroid (i.e., a stretched ellipsoid of revolution) gives students, teachers, and clinicians a simple rule for the rapid estimation of surface area using rational units. The formula was tested independently for human subjects by using it to predict body volume and then comparing this prediction against the actual volume measured by Archimedes' principle.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Anthropometry and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: The association between anthropometric factors and ovarian cancer risk was investigated using data from 762 cases and 1348 controls participating in a population-based case-control study in the Delaware Valley from 1994-1998. Because factors such as oral contraceptive (OC), hormone therapy (HT), and parity may affect weight and hormone levels, the associations were examined in women with and without these characteristics. METHODS: Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals while controlling for age, race, parity, family history of ovarian cancer, tubal ligation, and OC use. RESULTS: Compared with controls, cases were taller and heavier in recent years and at age 18. Results did not differ by OC or HT use. However, anthropometric associations differed significantly based on parity, as increasing anthropometric measures were associated with increased ovarian cancer risk among nulliparous women only. Adjusted OR for recent body mass index (BMI) quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 for nulliparous women was 2.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39, 4.61) compared with 0.96 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.31) for parous women. Additionally, adult weight gain was significant only for nulliparous women. Adjusted OR for weight change (recent to age 18) quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 for nulliparous women was 3.73 (95% CI: 1.88, 7.42) versus 1.09 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.51) for parous women. CONCLUSIONS: BMI and weight in women's adult lifetime may be positively associated with ovarian cancer risk. Observations were most apparent for nulliparous women, possibly reflecting an interaction between local inflammation caused by incessant ovulation and increased estrogen exposure on ovarian epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Anthropometry, breast cancer and menopausal status: use of repeated measurements over 10 years of follow-up-results of the French E3N women's cohort study.

The association between weight, BMI and breast cancer was analyzed on 94,805 women of the E3N cohort according to their menopausal status. Seven hundred eighty-six incident invasive premenopausal breast cancers and 1,522 incident invasive postmenopausal breast cancers occurred during a mean follow-up of 9.7 years. Weight and BMI were updated every 24 months and considered as time-dependent variables. Data were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Trend RRs of premenopausal breast cancer were 0.97 (0.92-1.01) for a 5 kg increase in weight and 0.96 (0.91-1.01) for a 2 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, adjusted for other known risk factors. Opposite trend RRs were found after menopause: 1.05 (1.02-1.08) for weight and 1.06 (1.02-1.09) for BMI, respectively, for similar increases. Women with a BMI of over 30 kg/m(2) had a RR of premenopausal breast cancer of 0.66 (0.40-1.10) compared to those with a BMI of between 18.5 and 25 kg/m(2). Postmenopausal women with a BMI of over 30 kg/m(2) had a RR of breast cancer of 1.23 (1.00-1.59). The increase in risk of postmenopausal breast cancer with increased weight or BMI was similar whatever the HRT used, although the point estimates were higher in HRT users. We strongly recommend to use anthropometric measurements updated during follow-up to assess the effect of weight, BMI on breast cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Body fat and fat distribution by anthropometry and the response to high-fat cholesterol-containing diet in monkeys.

Considerable variability exists among individuals in the response of plasma cholesterol to changes in dietary fat and cholesterol, and obesity is one variable reported to affect this response. This study was performed to determine the relationship between body fat and changes in plasma cholesterol in cynomolgus monkeys fed a high-fat cholesterol-containing diet for 12 months. The animals gained significant body weight (body mass index increased from 30.5 +/- 0.5 to 35.7 +/- 2.8 kg/m2) and skinfold parameters of body fat increased as well. Total cholesterol increased from 109 +/- 4 to 390 +/- 25 mg/dl (P < 0.001), and there were also significant increases in LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. While there was very little relationship between body fat and plasma lipids before the diet, after 12 months, there were significant negative correlations between total and LDL-cholesterol and anthropometric measures of body fat (r ranged from -0.37 to -0.55, P < 0.01). The correlations were not affected when the effects of baseline body mass index and serum cholesterol and total food intake were controlled by partial correlation analysis. In this sample of animals, the acquisition of greater body fat appeared to protect against rises in cholesterol in response to consumption of a high-fat cholesterol-containing diet.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Serum intact parathyroid hormone in a random population sample of men and women: relationship to anthropometry, life-style factors, blood pressure, and vitamin D.

Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) in serum was determined in a random population sample and was related to age, sex, body composition, life-style factors, blood pressure, blood lipids, plasma fibrinogen, and serum IGF-1, osteocalcin, and vitamin D. Within the framework of the WHO MONICA Project in the city of Göteborg, Sweden, 181 men and 166 women aged 25-64 years were studied. Intact PTH concentrations varied with age but were similar in both sexes (range 4-82 ng/liter) [mean (+/- SD) 23.8 +/- 10.4 ng/liter in men and 25.1 +/- 10.6 ng/liter in women]. Intact PTH concentrations increased with increasing age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and 1,25(OH)2D3 and decreased with increasing 25(OH)D3 in all subjects. Additionally, in men, intact PTH correlated positively to diastolic blood pressure and negatively to coffee consumption. In women, PTH also correlated negatively to smoking and IGF-1. In a multivariate analysis including all variables, age lost its significance. In both sexes there were independent positive relations between intact PTH and body mass index and 1,25(OH)2D3, and negative relations between PTH and smoking habits as well as 25(OH)D3; among men there was also negative relations between PTH and coffee consumption. The results indicate that life-style factors such as smoking and coffee consumption decrease the serum concentration of intact PTH, and the same effect is seen in individuals with low body mass index. Coffee intake, smoking, and low body mass index are also known to adversely affect bone mineral content, highlighting the relationship between PTH and bone metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Maximal oxygen uptake, anthropometry and physical activity in a randomly selected sample of 8 and 13 year old children in Sweden.

Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed in 101 randomly selected 8 and 13 year old children. In both age groups a significantly higher aerobic capacity was found in boys than in girls, both in absolute terms and when maximal oxygen uptake was related to body weight, lean body mass and lean leg volume. Among girls, maximal oxygen uptake per kg body weight was lower in the older than in the younger (p less than 0.05). Estimation of spontaneous physical activity, by means of a questionnaire and the actometry method, indicated that physical activity was greater in children with a high than in those with a low aerobic capacity.

Adolescent↗