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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Allergic reactions to antibiotics, mainly betalactams: facts and controversies.

Allergic reactions to antibiotics are commonly reported. They can be classified as immediate or non-immediate according to the time interval between the last drug administration and their onset. Immediate reactions occur within the first hour and are manifested clinically by urticaria and/or angioedema, rhinitis, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic shock; they may be mediated by specific IgE-antibodies. The main non-immediate reactions (occurring more than one hour after drug administration) are maculopapular exanthems; specific T lymphocytes may be involved in this type of manifestation. The diagnostic evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotics is usually complex. The patient's history is fundamental; the allergologic examination includes in vivo and in vitro tests selected on the basis of the clinical features. Prick and intradermal tests are sensitive in evaluating betalactam hypersensitivity. Together with delayed-reading intradermal testing, patch testing is useful in diagnosing maculopapular reactions to systemically administered aminopenicillins. Determination of serum specific IgE is the most common in vitro method for diagnosing immediate reactions, while the lymphocyte transformation test can be performed for evaluating both immediate and non-immediate ones. In selected cases, provocation tests should be performed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[A new Soviet allergen made from bee venom for the specific diagnosis of allergic reactions to bee stings].

Overall 46 patients with allergic reactions to bee stings were examined. As a result of making skin prick, scarification and intracutaneous tests with an allergen from bee venom, allergy to bee stings was revealed in all the 46 patients, whereas only 37 patients responded to an allergen from the bee body. Specific IgE-antibodies using RAST were detected in 29 out of 31 patients. All the 29 patients had positive skin tests with an allergen from bee venom and only 22 with an allergen from the bee body. Specific histamine release was detected in all 13 patients examined by means of the indicated test. 100% coincidence was recorded with the results of intracutaneous tests with an allergen from bee venom. Only 11 out of the 13 patients had positive intracutaneous tests with an allergen from the bee body. Thus, the new Soviet allergen obtained from bee venom is effective in the diagnosis of allergy in response to bee stings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Development of airway hyperreactivity in the guinea-pig following allergic reactions.

It has been reported previously that acute allergic reactions in the anaesthetized guinea-pig do not evoke changed airway reactivity to histamine, animals sensitized to ovalbumin in aluminum hydroxide and exposed to allergen intravenously or by inhalation develop increased responsivity to histamine that persists for several hours. Animals that have been sensitized passively, by intravenous injection of antibody and exposed to allergen by intravenous injection, or which receive freshly prepared immune complexes by intravenous injection develop comparable airway reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Atopy and generalized allergic reactions to insect stings].

458 patients with systemic allergic reactions following hymenoptera stings were investigated with regard to the incidence of atopic disease. Personal atopy (13.7%) and a family history of atopy (26.4%) were not found more frequently than in a normal population. The age of the first manifestation of hymenoptera sting allergy was however significantly lower in atopic than in non-atopic patients, sensitization occurred following a smaller number of stings and there was a preponderance of respiratory symptoms.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[Respiratory function and allergic reactions in paper recycling workers].

Respiratory function and allergic reactions were studied in 101 male workers in paper recycling and in 87 nonexposed male control workers. Ventilatory capacity was measured by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves with readings on forced vital capacity (FVC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and maximum expiratory flows at 50% and the last 25% (FEF50 and FEF25, respectively). Skin prick test with paper dust allergens, some nonoccupational allergens, and total immunoglobulin IgE analysis were used to assess immunological status. Significantly higher prevalences of all chronic respiratory symptoms were recorded in the exposed workers than in controls. The highest prevalence was recorded for chronic cough (36.6%), followed by chronic phlegm (34.7%), chronic bronchitis (33.7%), sinusitis (31.7%), nasal catarrh (29.7%), and dyspnea (16.8%). Occupational asthma was diagnosed in four paper recycling workers only (4.0%). Values of FEF50 and FEF25 were significantly lower than predicted, indicating obstructive changes located mostly in the smaller airways. Skin tests to paper allergens were found positive in 16 (15.8%) paper recycling workers and none in controls. An increase in total immunoglobulin IgE was found in 21 of 101 paper recycling workers and in two of 37 of controls (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that exposure to air pollutants in paper recycling industry may lead to the development of respiratory symptoms accompanied by lung function and immunological impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Allergic reactions of the eczema type due to drugs (author's transl)].

Drug-induced allergic skin reactions of the eczema type may relatively frequently appear as allergic contact eczema or more rarely as "hematogenous contact eczema." In both types of eczema, a positive patch test to one or more allergens is essential for diagnosis. In 1971 and 1972, there were 85 patients with drug-induced eczema reactions (allergic reactions to the ointment bases and preservatives have not been taken into consideration). In 80 cases, topical applications were the contact allergens. The frequent contact allergies to benzocaine and Balsam of Peru seems significant. In 5 isolated cases we saw hematogenous contact eczema due to internal medication, e.g. with antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Allergic reaction to melphalan].

The most common side effects of melphalan administration include nausea, vomiting, and bone marrow suppression. Less well known is the fact that allergic reactions can become evident after both intravenous and oral melphalan administration. In the present study we report a patient with a plasmocytoma, who developed an allergic reaction with melphalan intravenously, but tolerated melphalan orally.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1999

Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions by Cichorium intybus.

We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus (CIAE) on mast cell-mediated immediate type allergic reactions. CIAE (0.1-1000 mg kg-1) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylactic reaction induced by compound 48/80 in mice. Especially, CIAE inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic reaction 100% with the dose of 1000 mg kg-1. CIAE 1000 mg kg-1also significantly inhibited local anaphylactic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. When mice were pretreated with CIAE at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1000 mg kg-1, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. CIAE (1-1000 microg ml-1) dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cAMP in RPMC, when CIAE (1000 microg ml-1) was added, increased significantly compared with that of control cells. These results indicate that CIAE inhibits mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2002

Wasp venom is appropriate for immunotherapy of patients with allergic reaction to the European hornet sting.

AIM: To identify whether it is the yellow jacket (Vespula germanica) or European hornet (Vespa crabro) venom that induces sensitization in patients with IgE-mediated allergic reaction to the venom from the sting of a European hornet. Since these patients usually have positive skin tests and specific IgE to all vespid venoms, it would be useful to distinguish cross-reactors from non-cross-reactors to perform immunotherapy with the venom that induced the sensitization. METHODS: We performed inhibition tests in 24 patients who had experienced anaphylactic reaction after being stung by a European hornet. RESULTS: Of 24 patients with allergic reaction after Vespa crabro sting, 17 were sensitized only to epitopes of Vespula germanica venom. Only 4 out of 24 patients were sensitized to epitopes completely cross-reactive with Dolichovespula arenaria venom. CONCLUSION: In Slovenia, the vast majority of patients with anaphylactic reaction to Vespa crabro sting seem to be sensitized to Vespula germanica venom. We consider wasp venom an appropriate immunotherapeutic agent for such patients, except for those with proven primary sensitization to specific epitopes of Vespa crabro venom. Fluorescence enzyme immunoassay inhibition should be considered a convenient tool for the identification of primary sensitization in patients allergic to vespid venoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An immunodominant haptenic epitope of carbamazepine detected in serum from patients given long-term treatment with carbamazepine without allergic reaction.

An anticarbamazepine antibody was detected in the serum of a patient with severe carbamazepine-induced serum sickness. We found that the patient's T cells and IgG antibody recognized an epitope which appeared in subjects showing an allergic reaction, as well as that in subjects who showed no allergic reaction, after long-term carbamazepine therapy. These results show that an anti-carbamazepine immune response does not occur in the majority of subjects who undergo long-term carbamazepine therapy without developing allergic symptoms, although the immunodominant haptenic epitope of carbamazepine is present in their sera.

Carbamazepine↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T) on types I-IV allergic reactions].

We examined the effect of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T), which exhibits a class-specific suppression of IgE antibody production, on types I-IV allergic reactions. 1) Type I reaction: IPD-1151T dose-dependently inhibited 48-hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) when the agent was given p.o. 30 min prior to the antigen challenge. To observe the time course of the inhibitory activity, IPD-1151T in a dose of 50 mg/kg was given orally at various times prior to the antigen challenge. IPD-1151T showed inhibitory activity when it was given at 0.5 to 2 hr prior to the antigen challenge, and the maximum inhibition was found when the IPD-1151T pretreatment was 2-hr before the challenge. IPD-1151T also suppressed the antigen-induced degranulation of mesenteric mast cells and histamine release from peritoneal exudate cells of rats. 2) Type II reaction: Only a high dose of IPD-1151T given orally inhibited reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats, whereas the agent did not affect Forssman shock in guinea pigs. 3) Types III and IV reactions: IPD-1151T neither affected the Arthus reaction in rabbits nor the picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis and sheep erythrocytes-induced footpad reaction in mice. The results obtained here indicate that IPD-1151T shows a relatively specific suppression of the type I allergic reaction with the inhibition of degranulation and histamine release from mast cells.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Immediate allergic reactions to cephalosporins: evaluation of cross-reactivity with a panel of penicillins and cephalosporins.

BACKGROUND: Allergy to cephalosporins has mainly been evaluated in the context of patients with confirmed penicillin allergy. The problem of studying cross-reactivity in subjects primarily sensitized to cephalosporins and potentially allergic to penicillins has not been sufficiently addressed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro IgE response and cross-reactivity to betalactams in patients with immediate allergic reactions to cephalosporins. METHODS: The study included 24 patients with immediate allergic reactions to cephalosporins and RAST-positive to at least 1 cephalosporin. Skin testing and RAST were performed with a panel of penicillins and cephalosporins. RAST inhibition assay with different monomeric conjugates of penicillin and cephalosporin was performed to establish cross-reactivity. RESULTS: The culprit cephalosporins were cefaclor (N = 7), cefonicid (N = 1), cefotaxime (N = 2), ceftazidime (N = 2), ceftriaxone (N = 3), and cefuroxime (N = 9). Two patients had a positive skin test result to penicillin determinants, and 22 patients had a negative result to penicillin determinants and tolerated benzylpenicillin administration. Of these 22, 19 had a positive skin test result to cephalosporins and divided into patients reacting only to the culprit cephalosporin (63.2%) and those reacting to more than 1 cephalosporin (36.8%). RAST and RAST inhibition studies confirmed that the side chain at the R1 position is crucial for recognition. CONCLUSION: The R1 side chain rather than the betalactam structure, shared by penicillins and cephalosporins, seems to play a dominant role in determining the specificity of immunologic reactions to cephalosporins. Thus, penicillin can be administered safely to patients allergic to cephalosporins and with a negative skin test result to penicillin determinants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Cobalt-specific T lymphocytes in synovial tissue after an allergic reaction to a cobalt alloy joint prosthesis.

Metals such as cobalt and nickel are common contact allergens. We studied the mechanisms underlying an allergic reaction with marked synovial inflammation in a patient with a cobalt alloy arthroplasty. After removing the joint prosthesis the adjacent synovial tissue was examined for cobalt-specific T lymphocytes. Synovial membrane mononuclear cells were expanded in interleukin 2 and cloned using a representative cloning protocol. T cell clones were tested for their proliferative response to cobalt and further characterized with regard to cytokine secretion, phenotype, and HLA restriction. Additionally, synovial fibroblasts were tested for their function as antigen presenting cells (APC). Almost 30% of the T cell clones reacted to cobalt, but not to the control nickel. All these T cell clones were CD4 positive. The cobalt induced proliferative response could be blocked by anticlass II antibodies. Also, synovial fibroblasts expressing class II molecules induced by interferon-gamma were able to serve as APC. However, when testing a panel of APC of HLA class II mismatched donors, no requirement for a certain HLA class II molecule could be defined. Further studies are necessary to determine mechanisms of presentation and recognition of cobalt by T lymphocytes, a prerequisite for improved prevention and treatment of metal induced allergic reactions.

Antigen Presentation↗
PubMed1992

[Nasolabial allergic reaction to intranasal administration of apomorphine in Parkinson disease].

A patient is presented who used apomorphine, a potent dopamine agonist in the treatment of Parkinson patients. He suffered of severe dystonia of the legs, which did not respond to conservative treatment. The apomorphine was delivered bij intranasal spray. The patient developed an allergic reaction with swollen nose and lips, which disappeared within one day after discontinuation of the treatment. Subcutaneous administration caused no symptoms. Cutaneous challenge with apomorphine caused a positive reaction. We raise the hypothesis that the allergic reaction was due to the binding of apomorphine to certain proteins in cutis or nasal mucosa.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2001

Inhibition of immediate-type allergic reactions by Prunella vulgaris in a murine model.

We studied the effect of aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris (Labiatae) (PVAE) on immediate-type allergic reactions. PVAE (0.005 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/ 80 in rats. When PVAE was given as pretreatment, at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 1 g/kg, the serum histamine levels induced by compound 48/ 80 were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. PVAE (0.001 to 1 g/kg) inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody dose dependently. PVAE also inhibited the histamine release induced by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC). The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, when PVAE was added, significantly increased, compared with that of normal control. Moreover, PVAE (0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from RPMC. These results indicate that PVAE inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions in rats.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2001

Allergic reactions at repeat femoral angiography with ioxaglate.

PURPOSE: To study the occurrence of allergy-like reactions at angiography, repeated several times, and, secondly, to evaluate the effect of prophylactic treatment in individuals who had earlier experienced such reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven patients with hypercholesterolaemia, participating in the Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST), underwent aortofemoral angiography with ioxaglate (Hexabrix) repeated annually for 3 years. Allergic reactions to the contrast medium were recorded. At the following angiographies, all patients who had earlier experienced such reactions were treated prophylactically with steroids and antihistamine. RESULTS: Allergic reactions were observed in 35 patients. Twelve reacted only year 0, 3 only year 1, 5 only year 2 and 6 only year 3. Eight patients had at least one reaction also when treated prophylactically. It was significantly (p<0.05) more common to react at year 0 but not at year 1 than to react at year 1 but not at year 0. At years 1, 2 and 3 the frequency of reactions was significantly greater in the group given prophylactic treatment than in the group without any earlier reaction at all: 8/20 versus 3/137, 4/23 versus 6/134, and 6/29 versus 6/128, respectively. CONCLUSION: Some individuals had an increased risk of an allergy-like reaction to the contrast agent. Prophylactic treatment reduced the risk of renewed reactions, but not to the same level as for those without earlier reaction. Nevertheless, individuals who have had earlier reactions can be investigated in the future, with prophylactic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Difference in risks of allergic reaction to sulfonamide drugs based on chemical structure.

BACKGROUND: The chemical structure of sulfonamide antibiotics and sulfonamide nonantibiotics can affect the potential for adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether differences in chemical structure of the various sulfonamide drugs influence the risk of allergic events. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using data from the General Practice Research Database. Cases were defined as patients with a diagnosis of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction. The date of the last event was the index date. Controls were matched on practice, type of DM, and index date. Current use of sulfonamides was defined as use in a 14 day time window before the index date. Sulfonamides were classified according to the presence/absence of an N1 substituent (N1(+)/(-)) and/or an arylamine (N4(+)/(-)). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate strength of association and expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Overall, current use of N1(+) N4(+) sulfonamide drugs was associated with the outcome (adjusted OR 3.71; 95% CI 1.40 to 9.81). Current use of N1(+) N4(-) and N1(-) N4(-) sulfonamide drugs was also associated with the occurrence of allergic reactions, although not as strongly: adjusted OR 2.48 (95% CI 2.12 to 2.89) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.46), respectively. Sex and age seemed to be effect modifiers. There was no clear evidence for effect modification by immune disease state. CONCLUSIONS: Although we did not identify major differences between the groups, we believe that this approach is an innovative manner to examine adverse drug reactions by using chemical structure instead of therapeutic drug classes to classify exposure.

Aged↗