Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ASPIRIN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of inhalation aspirin challenge on exhaled nitric oxide in patients with aspirin-inducible asthma.

BACKGROUND: A complex relationship between arachidonic acid metabolites and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been reported in asthma. The effects of inhaled aspirin on fractional exhaled NO (FENO) in patients with aspirin-tolerant (ATA) and aspirin-inducible (AIA) asthma compared with normal controls have been investigated. METHODS: The FENO was measured baseline, after saline and lysine-aspirin (L-ASA) bronchial challenge in 10 patients with ATA and in 10 patients with AIA [mean (PD(20)FEV(1) L-ASA): 14.7 +/- 12.7 mg], who had comparable age and baseline FEV(1). Ten healthy subjects served as controls. Sputum eosinophils were counted after saline and after L-ASA challenge in the two groups of asthmatics. RESULTS: Asthmatic patients had baseline FENO significantly higher than controls (29.7 +/- 6.8 vs 9.8 +/- 2.05 p.p.b. respectively, P < 0.0001). No difference was observed in methacholine PD(20)FEV(1) and baseline FENO between ATA and AIA patients. After L-ASA inhalation, FENO increased significantly only in patients with AIA, reaching the peak value 4 h after bronchoconstriction (from 31.1 +/- 6 to 43 +/- 4.8 p.p.b., P < 0.001), while no change was observed in patients with ATA and in controls. Sputum eosinophils increased significantly after L-ASA inhalation only in patients with AIA (from 8.1 +/- 2.7 to 11.1 +/- 2.8%, P < 0.005) and there was a significant relationship between the increase in sputum eosinophils and the increase in FENO after ASA challenge. CONCLUSION: Exhaled NO may indicate eosinophilic airway inflammation during ASA exposure in patients with ASA inducible asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

Low dose aspirin in pregnancy and early childhood development: follow up of the collaborative low dose aspirin study in pregnancy. CLASP collaborative group.

OBJECTIVE: To determine any benefits or risks, expressed in early childhood, of low dose aspirin treatment in pregnancies at high risk of complications due to pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation. DESIGN: A questionnaire-based follow-up at 12 and 18 months of age of cohorts of surviving children whose mothers participated in a large randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 60 mg aspirin. SETTING: United Kingdom and Ottawa, Canada. SUBJECTS: 4168 children assessed at 12 months through information provided by general practitioners, and 4365 assessed at 18 months through a questionnaire to parents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospital visits in the first 18 months for congenital malformations, motor deficit, developmental delay, respiratory problems or bleeding problems; height or weight below the third centile; and delayed acquisition of certain developmental skills. RESULTS: There were no clear differences in any of the main outcome measures, although some confidence intervals were wide. CONCLUSIONS: Although an adverse effect can not be ruled out, these findings are reassuring about the safety of low dose aspirin started after the first trimester, at least in respect of congenital malformations, major motor deficit, and severe neuromotor or developmental delay identifiable in early childhood. They provide no clear evidence of benefit. Taking into account evidence from large randomised controlled trials, the place of low-dose aspirin in pregnancy appears to be limited, although it may be beneficial for women at high risk of early onset pre-eclampsia; for them, evidence suggesting that it is not harmful is important.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1995

Aspirin and prevention of preeclampsia. Position statement of the use of low-dose aspirin in pregnancy by the Australasian Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy.

1. A heterogeneous group of randomized trials have been conducted using low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia. The results do not support widespread use of low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia. 2. On the basis of existing literature, it is reasonable to use prophylactic low-dose aspirin from early pregnancy in the following groups: (i) Women with prior fetal loss after the first trimester, with placental insufficiency (ii) Women with severe fetal growth retardation in a preceding pregnancy either due to preeclampsia or unexplained (iii) Women with severe early-onset preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy necessitating delivery at or before 32 weeks' gestation. 3. On the basis of existing literature, it is recommended that aspirin not be used in the following groups: (i) Healthy nulliparous women (ii) Women with mild chronic hypertension (iii) Women with established preeclampsia. 4. The data are sufficient to support further trials in more homogeneous select subgroups of women considered at risk of developing preeclampsia.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1988

Ocular distribution of aspirin and salicylate following systematic administration of aspirin to rabbits.

The distribution of aspirin and salicylate 30 min after the intravenous administration of different doses of aspirin has been investigated in the rabbit eye. HPLC enabled a rapid and sensitive determination of both substances. A considerable dose-dependent penetration into all ocular tissues was observed with both aspirin and salicylate. Aspirin concentrations were higher than in plasma in all ocular tissues with the exception of the lens. These results show that an unhydrolysed drug may have a direct local effect by acetylating lens protein or other ocular constituents.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A study to compare oral sumatriptan with oral aspirin plus oral metoclopramide in the acute treatment of migraine. The Oral Sumatriptan and Aspirin plus Metoclopramide Comparative Study Group.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy, safety and tolerability of 100 mg oral sumatriptan, given as a dispersible tablet, was compared with that of 900 mg oral aspirin plus 10 mg oral metoclopramide in the acute treatment of migraine. A total of 358 patients treated up to three migraine attacks within 3 months, recording clinical information on a diary card. In attack 1, headache relief after 2 h, defined as a reduction in severity from severe or moderate pain to mild or no pain, was recorded in 56% (74/133) of patients who took sumatriptan and 45% (62/138) of patients who took aspirin plus metoclopramide (p = 0.078). This analysis of the primary efficacy end point was not statistically significant. However, for attacks 2 and 3 (secondary end points), headache relief was achieved in 58 versus 36% of patients (p = 0.001) and 65 versus 34% of patients (p less than 0.001), respectively. Relief from nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia was similar in both treatment groups. Rescue medication was required by fewer patients treated with sumatriptan than by those who received aspirin plus metoclopramide (attack 1, 34 versus 56%, p less than 0.001; attack 2, 32 versus 51%, p = 0.001, and attack 3, 35 versus 54%, p = 0.001). Sumatriptan also produced a faster improvement and resolution of migraine attacks. Comparing the sumatriptan and aspirin plus metoclopramide treatment groups, complete resolution of the attack occurred within 6 h in 32 versus 19% (attack 1), 35 versus 23% (attack 2) and 32 versus 20% of patients (attack 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

A randomized comparison of clopidogrel and aspirin versus ticlopidine and aspirin after the placement of coronary-artery stents.

BACKGROUND: The introduction of an effective antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and ticlopidine after the placement of coronary-artery stents has decreased the risk of thrombotic stent occlusions (TSO) and hemorrhagic complications. However, the use of ticlopidine is limited by hematological and gastrointestinal adverse effects. The safety and efficacy of clopidogrel after stenting remains to be established. METHODS AND RESULTS: After successful coronary stenting during elective or emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 700 patients with 899 lesions were randomly assigned to receive a 4-week course of either 500 mg ticlopidine (n=345) or 75 mg clopidogrel (n=355), in addition to 100 mg aspirin. All the following clinical events reflecting TSO were included in the prespecified primary cardiac endpoint: cardiac death, urgent target vessel revascularization, angiographically documented TSO, or nonfatal myocardial infarction within 30 days. The primary noncardiac endpoint was defined as noncardiac death, stroke, severe peripheral vascular or hemorrhagic events, or any adverse event resulting in discontinuation of study medication. Cardiac events occurred in 17 patients [11 (3.1%) with clopidogrel and 6 (1.7%) with ticlopidine (P=0.24)]. The primary noncardiac endpoint was observed in 16 patients (4.5%) assigned to receive clopidogrel versus 33 patients (9.6%) assigned to receive ticlopidine (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: After the placement of coronary-artery stents in unselected patients, antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel seems to be comparably safe and effective as aspirin and ticlopidine. Noncardiac events were significantly reduced with clopidogrel.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of clopidogrel and aspirin versus ticlopidine and aspirin in preventing stent thrombosis after coronary stent implantation.

BACKGROUND: Ticlopidine has been shown to reduce the incidence of stent thrombosis compared with warfarin, but it may cause serious hematological side effects. Clopidogrel, a new thienopyridine derivative, may be a safe alternative to ticlopidine. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel and aspirin with those of ticlopidine and aspirin in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The population of this study consisted of 2 groups: patients who underwent coronary stenting and were treated with ticlopidine and aspirin (TA group, n=1406), and patients who underwent coronary stenting followed by treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin (CA group, n=283). At 1-month follow-up, there was no difference in stent thrombosis (1.5% versus 1.4%, P=1.0) or major adverse cardiac events (3.1% versus 2.4%, P=0. 85) between the TA and CA groups, respectively. The probability of any side effect (neutropenia, diarrhea, rash) was significantly higher in the TA group (10.6% versus 5.3%, P=0.006; relative risk, 0. 53; CI, 0.32 to 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that clopidogrel may be an effective pharmacological regimen after coronary stent implantation. Furthermore, the simpler dosing regimen, the absence of neutropenia, and the lower frequency of other side effects make it a safe alternative to ticlopidine.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Expression of interleukin-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in aspirin-sensitive and non-aspirin-sensitive asthmatic airways.

Increased numbers of eosinophils and mast cells in the bronchial mucosa are characteristic features in subjects with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are involved in the activation, maturation, and perpetuation of survival of eosinophils. Immunohistochemical techniques were therefore used to study the expression of IL-5 and GM-CSF on frozen bronchial biopsies from 13 aspirin-sensitive asthmatic (ASA) and 8 non-ASA (NASA) subjects. Aspirin sensitivity was diagnosed by lysine-aspirin inhalation provocation. ASA airways demonstrated a significant 2-fold increase in the total number of submucosal inflammatory cells expressing IL-5 (p = 0.03) and approximate 4- and 2-fold increases in the numbers of mast cells expressing IL-5 and GM-CSF (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). There was also a 4-fold increase in the number of eosinophils expressing IL-5 (p = 0.004). These results suggest a central role for the mast cell and eosinophil in regulation of the inflammatory cell infiltrate of ASA airways by secretion of the hemopoietic cytokines IL-5 and GM-CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of plasma eotaxin family level in aspirin-induced and aspirin-tolerant asthma patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Eosinophilic infiltration of airway tissue is a central feature of aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). Eotaxins belong to the family of CC chemokines, which coordinate the recruitment of inflammatory cells bearing chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-3 to sites of allergic inflammation. In the present study, the levels of eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, and eotaxin-3 following an oral aspirin provocation test (APT) were measured, and the relationship between the eotaxin level and clinical parameters in patients with asthma was evaluated. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: An APT was performed in patients with asthma. Twenty AIA patients and 23 aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) patients were identified. Plasma levels of eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, and eotaxin-3 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the 43 patients with asthma and in 39 control subjects. RESULTS: The proportion of blood eosinophils was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in control subjects. Nasal polyps were more common in AIA patients than in ATA patients (p < 0.05). In addition, the eotaxin-1 level was higher in AIA and ATA patients than in control subjects (p < 0.01 for each). The eotaxin-2 level was higher in ATA patients than in either the AIA patients (p < 0.05) or control subjects (p < 0.01). Similarly, the eotaxin-3 level was higher in ATA patients than in control subjects. A trend toward higher plasma levels of eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-3 at baseline and at 4 h after APT administration in the ATA group was noted but was not significant. Eotaxin-2 was also higher in ATA patients than in AIA patients at baseline and at 4 h after the APT. CONCLUSION: This study shows that eotaxin-2 is differentially secreted in patients with asthma according to aspirin intolerance, and that secretion is not time-dependent in response to the APT in AIA and ATA patients. It therefore appears that eotaxin-2 may be up-regulated and may act differentially in patients with ATA.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of recurrent stroke in the UK. Aspirin, dipyridamole and aspirin-dipyridamole.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cost effectiveness from a UK health and social services perspective of antiplatelet therapies tested in the Second European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS-2) in preventing recurrent stroke. To demonstrate the value of modelling studies in this area. DESIGN AND SETTING: A decision-analytic model was developed to evaluate health outcomes and associated costs. Sources of data for efficacy, adverse events, background event risks, disability and mortality were ESPS-2, the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project and UK national statistics. Published national unit costs were applied to clinician panel estimates of resource use for acute stroke, rehabilitation and long term care. Outcome measures were strokes or disabled life-years averted, and disability-free, stroke-free or quality-adjusted life-years gained. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: 30-day survivors of ischaemic stroke treated with low dose aspirin, modified-release dipyridamole; the coformulation of low dose aspirin plus modified-release dipyridamole, or no antiplatelet therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: The model predicted that over 5 years the coformulation prevented 29 more strokes than aspirin alone per 1000 patients, at an additional cost of 1900 Pounds per stroke averted (1996 values). Over 5 years, each antiplatelet therapy was cost saving compared with no therapy. Results were sensitive to the cost of acute care, the cost of long term care of disabled stroke survivors, the effectiveness of therapy and the background risk of recurrent stroke. In sensitivity analyses, the cost effectiveness did not exceed 7000 Pounds per stroke averted or 11,000 Pounds per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, except when varying the effectiveness parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Application of a decision-analytic model to the results of ESPS-2 indicated that first-line therapy with the coformulation of modified-release dipyridamole and low dose aspirin to patients with a previous ischaemic stroke is likely to generate significant health benefits at modest extra costs to health and social services. The extra costs of treatment are balanced by the savings in future costs of acute care and long term care of the disabled. Future economic evaluations in this area should pay particular attention to the cost perspective, the duration of analysis, the selection of trials from which effectiveness data are derived, and the impact of the pooling of outcome events with potentially different economic consequences.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Aspirin esterase: biochemical and clinical aspects of aspirin catabolism].

Aspirin, one of the most commonly used drugs, when entering human body is partially subjected to autolytic degradation to salicylic acid. However, hydrolytic degradation through enzymatic reaction, involving aspirin esterase is much more effective. It is obvious, that native drug, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) differs in respect of pharmacological properties from its catabolite, salicylic acid, a molecule without functionally important acetyl residue. Therapeutic implications of this simple esterolytic reaction are not yet fully understood. The paper presents current data on the biochemistry of aspirin esterase and clinical aspects of its activity.

Aspirin↗
PubMed2001

Effectiveness of clopidogrel and aspirin versus ticlopidine and aspirin after coronary stent implantation: 1 and 6-month follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Clopidogrel is a new thienopyridine derivative and has less serious hematologic complications. We investigated the efficacy of clopidogrel plus aspirin (CA) in stent thrombosis prevention compared with ticlopidine plus aspirin (TA). METHOD AND RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients who underwent coronary stenting were randomized into 2 groups: TA group, n = 31 and CA group, n = 37. At 1 month, there were 3 major bleeding complications, 2 in the CA group and 1 in the TA group. Neither stent thrombosis nor hematologic events were found in both groups. Two patients in the TA group died, 1 from sudden death and another from tracheal stenosis. At 6 months, five patients developed in-stent restenosis, 4 in the CA group and 1 in the TA group, p = NS. One patient in each group had acute coronary syndrome. CONCLUSION: Clopidogrel plus aspirin is an effective coronary stenting regimen comparable to ticlopidine plus aspirin.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Nadroparin plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) has been widely used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke but controlled trials are few. In this study, 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke of less than 24 hours duration were randomized to receive either aspirin (325 mg/day) alone or aspirin (325 mg/day) plus subcutaneous nadroparin 4100 units/day. At the end of 4 weeks, the morbidity and mortality were significantly less in the nadroparin group as compared to the aspirin group. There was no increased risk of clinically significant intracranial hemorrhage in either group. The combination of aspirin and LMWH deserves to be tested in larger studies.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity to aspirin--methods of detection of sensitivity and inducing tolerance state to aspirin.

The paper deals with various methods of detection of bronchoconstrictor and urticaria/angioedema types of sensitivity to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The authors consider that anamnesis plays the major part in detection of sensitivity to these drugs. Oral challenge tests should be applied only with the use of acetylsalicylic acid administered at small, increasing doses at intervals not shorter than 24 h. Tolerance to aspirin is elicited using aspirin at 24 hour intervals, beginning with a threshold dose. The authors prefer, however, their own method where a subthreshold dose is the initial one. The protective role of sodium salicylate against aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of aspirin alone and aspirin plus dipyridamole in early diabetic retinopathy. A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. The DAMAD Study Group.

In a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in two French and two United Kingdom centers, the effect of antiplatelet agents, i.e., aspirin alone (330 mg 3 times daily) or in combination with dipyridamole (75 mg 3 times daily), was tested versus placebo in 475 patients with early diabetic retinopathy. The assessment of retinopathy was based on change in the number of microaneurysms (MAs) present in the macular field, as seen on fluorescein angiograms, over 3 yr. Forty-one patients did not complete the study. At least three readable initial and yearly angiograms were available on 420 patients (266 treated with insulin and 154 not treated); the results reported are based on these patients. The mean yearly increase in definite MAs was similar in insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated diabetic patients. There was no significant difference between the aspirin-alone group (0.69 +/- 5.1 mean +/- SD, n = 145) and the aspirin-plus-dipyridamole group (0.34 +/- 3.0, n = 142). In the placebo group the mean yearly increase (1.44 +/- 4.5, n = 133) was significantly higher than in the treated group (P = .02, 1-tailed t test). There was a clear relationship between the deterioration in ophthalmological signs and the increase in mean yearly MAs (clinically stable, 0.38 +/- 3.96, n = 293; deteriorating, 1.79 +/- 4.89, n = 127; P = .002, 2-tailed t test). We conclude that aspirin alone and in conjunction with dipyridamole significantly slows the progression of MA evolution in early diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Low-dose enteric-coated aspirin: a practical approach to continuous-release low-dose aspirin and presystemic acetylation of human platelet cyclooxygenase.

Using a granular enteric-coated aspirin (ECA) preparation, we achieved continuous release of low-dose aspirin and associated inhibition of platelet reactivity. The lowest once-daily dose that produced greater than 90% inhibition of serum thromboxane (TX) A2 after 7 days was 80 mg. The time course of inhibition after the first dose indicated a gradual release of aspirin over a period of 8 hours. We subsequently fractionated this 80 mg dose into three times daily doses of 27 mg that were administered to nine healthy men for 7 days. This regimen resulted in 96% inhibition of serum TXA2 generation (P less than 0.001), inhibition of in vitro platelet aggregation (P less than 0.05), prolongation of the bleeding time by 75% (P less than 0.01), and a threefold increase in inhibition of platelet aggregation by prostacyclin (P less than 0.01) compared with pre-ECA values. In contrast to our previous study using daily 80 mg doses of ECA, after the 27 mg three times daily regimen we found a significant increase in circulating platelet cyclooxygenase activity 24 hours after the final dose (P less than 0.05). This immediate recovery indicates active megakaryocyte cyclooxygenase and suggests that acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase was restricted to the presystemic circulation. We conclude that long-term dosing with 27 mg ECA three times daily results in profound inhibition of platelet TXA2 production, and diminished in vitro and in vivo platelet reactivity. This regimen provides a practical approach to achieving continuous release of low-dose aspirin and possible presystemic acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1986

Clinical efficacy of aspirin in "desensitised" aspirin-sensitive asthmatics.

The effect of daily aspirin (ASA) administration after "desensitisation" was studied in 16 aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Fourteen patients completed the trial; 12 of them also had perennial rhinitis and eight in addition suffered from chronic headache. During 4 weeks of daily treatment with 600 mg of ASA a marked reduction of the nasal symptoms score was noticed in 8/12 patients and head pain score was significantly decreased in 6/8 patients when compared with the 4-week non-ASA period. Daily aspirin resulted in decreases in both the mean asthma score and in daily beta-agonist usage in 7/14 patients, and 10/13 patients showed a decrease in bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine (geometric mean of provocative concentration of histamine 1.8 and 5.8 mg/ml, respectively. In four patients we noticed untoward epigastric symptoms. A decrease in thrombocyte counts was observed during ASA treatment. Our study suggests that daily aspirin administration after "desensitisation" may be helpful in the management of some ASA-sensitive asthmatics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Controlled clinical trial of the effect of aspirin and aspirin + dipyridamole on the development of diabetic retinopathy. II. Ophthalmologic protocol].

A description is given of the ophthalmological protocol of the DAMAD (aspirin and dipyridamole + Aspirin) controlled clinical trial in diabetic retinopathy. The 450 patients included in this trial were insulin or noninsulin treated diabetics with an early diabetic retinopathy (i.e. at least five microaneurysms in the posterior pole and/or one zone of capillary non-perfusion). They were randomized in a double blind fashion to treatment with either placebo or aspirin 330 mg or aspirin 330 mg + dipyridamole 75 mg three times daily. A full ophthalmologic examination was performed annually on both eyes of each patient and followed at least three years. Data were recorded on a special form. The main assessment criteria were orientated toward the quantification of the retinal vascular micro-abnormalities, counting of microaneurysm and measurement of the central and peripheral avascular zones. Angiofluorographic photographs were standardized. The two eyes were photographed but only one reference eye was kept for the whole length of this study. A standard reading technique is now used by a technician in charge of coding the quality of the films, the dotting and numbering of the lesions.

Aspirin↗