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PubMed1987

A study of the effect of decimal and centesimal dilutions of arsenic on the retention and mobilization of arsenic in the rat.

Having developed a pharmacokinetic method for studying the fate of orally administered arsenious anhydride by a radioactive tracer method, the influence of Hahnemannian dilutions of arsenicum album on the elimination and retention of this toxin in the rat was then investigated. The effects of centesimal (cH) and decimal (dH) dilutions were studied. All the dilutions studied were found to be active. The strongest effects were observed after the administration of dilutions corresponding to a concentration of 10(-14) (14dH and 7cH). Overall, the decimal dilutions augmented the elimination of arsenic more than the centesimals. The observed results were submitted to mathematical analysis. A mathematical model, which confirms that Hahnemannian dilutions have biological effects which are a direct function of the degree of dilution, was developed.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1978

[Metabolism of arsenic (Report 22). Effect of arsenic on the spontaneous motor activity, avoidance conditioning, extinction and swimming record in rats (author's transl)].

The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of arsenic on the pharmacological actions as seen in the behavior of Wistar albino rats. Nutrition during the suckling period has some apparently influence on the pharmacology behavior, we found no significant difference between the heavy (26 approximately 35g) and light (under 25g) groups. Also rats in group B1, were fed a diet which included As2O3 2 mg/kg, and rats in group B2 were fed a diet which included As2O3 15 mg/kg during the suckling period. There were no significant differences in spontaneous motor activity, avoidance conditioning and swimming record between the controls and group B1. However in group B2, the spontaneous motor activity increased as did the response on avoidance conditioning.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Chronic arsenic exposure and oxidative stress: OGG1 expression and arsenic exposure, nail selenium, and skin hyperkeratosis in Inner Mongolia.

Arsenic, a human carcinogen, is known to induce oxidative damage to DNA. In this study we investigated oxidative stress and As exposure by determining gene expression of OGG1, which codes for an enzyme, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, involved in removing 8-oxoguanine in As-exposed individuals. Bayingnormen (Ba Men) residents in Inner Mongolia are chronically exposed to As via drinking water. Water, toenail, and blood samples were collected from 299 Ba Men residents exposed to 0.34-826 microg/L As. RNA was isolated from blood, and mRNA levels of OGG1 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. OGG1 expression levels were linked to As concentrations in drinking water and nails, selenium concentrations in nails, and skin hyperkeratosis. OGG1 expression was strongly associated with water As concentrations (p < 0.0001). Addition of the quadratic term significantly improved the fit compared with the linear model (p = 0.05) . The maximal OGG1 response was at the water As concentration of 149 microg/L. OGG1 expression was also significantly associated with toenail As concentrations (p = 0.015) but inversely associated with nail Se concentrations (p = 0.0095) . We found no significant differences in the As-induced OGG1 expression due to sex, smoking, or age even though the oldest group showed the strongest OGG1 response (p = 0.0001) . OGG1 expression showed a dose-dependent increased risk of skin hyperkeratosis in males (trend analysis, p = 0.02) , but the trend was not statistically significant in females. The results from this study provide a linkage between oxidative stress and As exposure in humans. OGG1 expression may be useful as a biomarker for assessing oxidative stress from As exposure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Distributions of arsenic and essential elements in pinna of arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.

The distributions of arsenic and 6 essential elements in the pinna of As hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata L., were studied using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF). Significant correlation between the distribution and mobility of the elements revealed that SRXRF study on the elemental distribution was feasible to inspect the transportations of elements in plants. The distribution of As in the pinna showed that As had great abilities to be transported in xylem vessels and from xylem to mesophyll. The distribution of K, one of the most mobile elements in plants, was similar to that of As, whereas the distributions of Fe and Ca with less mobility in plants were almost opposite to that of As in the pinna.

Arsenic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils: II. Effect of phosphorus, sodium, and calcium on arsenic sorption.

There are more than 10000 arsenic (As) contaminated sites in Australia. The ability of soils at these contaminated sites to sorb As is highly variable and appreciable amounts of As have been recorded in the subsurface soils. The potential risk of surface and ground water contamination by As at these sites is a major environmental concern. Factors that influence adsorption capacity of soils influence the bioavailability and subsequent mobility of As in soils. In the present study we investigated the effect of PO4(3-) and Na+ and Ca2+ on the sorption of AsV and AsIII by an Oxisol, a Vertisol, and two Alfisols. The presence of P (0.16 mmol L(-1)) greatly decreased AsV sorption by soils containing low amounts of Fe oxides (<100 mmol kg(-1)), indicating competitive adsorption between P and AsV for sorption sites. In contrast, the presence of a similar amount of P had little effect on the amount of AsV adsorbed by soils with high Fe content (>800 mmol kg(-1)). However, AsV sorption substantially decreased from 0.63 to 0.37 mmol kg(-1) as P concentration was increased from 0.16 to 3.2 mmol L(-1) in selected soils. This suggests increased competition between P and AsV for soil sorption sites, through either the higher affinity or the effect of mass action of the increasing concentration of P in solution. A similar effect of P on AsIII sorption was observed in the low sorbing Alfisol and high affinity Oxisol. However, the amount of AsIII sorbed by the Oxisol was much greater than the Alfisol for all treatments. The presence of Ca2+ increased the amount of AsV sorbed compared with that of Na+ and was manifested through changes in the surface charge characteristics of the soils. A similar trend in AsIII sorption was recorded with changes in index cation, although the effect was not as marked as recorded for AsV.

Adsorption↗

PubMedDate not supplied