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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

An archival study of eyewitness memory of the Titanic's final plunge.

A handful of real-life studies demonstrate that most eyewitnesses accurately recall central details (i.e., the gist of what happened) from traumatic events. The authors evaluated the accuracy of archival eyewitness testimony from survivors of the Titanic disaster who witnessed the ship's final plunge. The results indicate that most eyewitness testimony (15 eyewitnesses of 20) is consistent with forensic evidence that demonstrates that the Titanic was breaking apart while it was still on the ocean's surface. Despite the methodological limitations of archival research, the authors provide evidence from a single-occurrence traumatic event (with a large-scale loss of life) that the majority of eyewitnesses accurately recall central details.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An archival system for clinical laboratory data.

A magnetic tape-based archival system that provides for generation of computer-output microfiche has been developed. Data from magnetic tapes written on a turnkey laboratory system are used as the basis for generating the archival tapes. Programmed searches of the tapes allow retrieval directly by name or test(s). Accessing the computer-output microfiche allows retrieval by name and is being used to supplant a traditional file system.

Archives↗
PubMed1982

Requests for retrieval of laboratory results from archive.

The design of laboratory archives depends to a large extent on frequency and type of access required. This article reports a study in which all requests for laboratory archival data were tabulated carefully. Such requests are infrequent and usually involve specific test results. An inexpensive, efficient, and convenient method of storing such data is described, employing a laboratory computer and magnetic tape-to-microfiche software. The efficiency of this system permits indefinite storage which may be desirable in view of the medico-legal climate.

Archives↗
PubMed2000

Sources in the history of occupational health: the Turner & Newall archive.

Sources in the History of occupational health are scanty-a reflection perhaps of the contentious nature of the documentation. In the UK, asbestos company records have until recently been unavailable and consequently historians and policy-makers have been hindered from exploring a major public health issue. In 1995, however, Chase Manhattan Bank in New York sued the leading British asbestos producer, Turner & Newall, in a property-damage claim. During pre-trial discovery, Chase had copied a large proportion of Turner & Newall's vast archive and under American law was able to put the records in the public domain. This article describes how this collection of records-perhaps the largest anywhere on the history of an occupational health hazard-was generated. It also suggests ways of navigating the documents; discusses the nature of the material; and the archive's uses to medical and industrial historians.

Archives↗
PubMed1996

The papers of Cicely Williams (1893-1992) in the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre at the Wellcome Institute.

The papers of Cicely Williams were given to the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre in 1993, and subsequently catalogued. They cover most aspects of her work in the field of maternal and child health, as practitioner, teacher and consultant, 1929-1989, especially in the developing world. The collection includes correspondence, reports, lectures, publications, photographs and sound recordings, and is of relevance to a wide range of issues related to maternal and child health and the development of appropriate local health care systems. In particular, it is of interest in relation to Williams' pioneering work on the identification of the childhood malnutrition disease kwashiorkor. The Cicely Williams papers complement many other collections held by the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre. This article focuses on two pre-war reports of her work in the Gold Coast and Singapore, which show the early development of ideas which are echoed throughout the rest of her papers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Perinatal computerized patient record and archiving systems: pitfalls and enhancements for implementing a successful computerized medical record.

Interest in purchasing and installing a perinatal computerized patient record (CPR) and archiving system is growing in the United States as a result of increased patient satisfaction demands, cost containment, and quality improvement. Perinatal nurses are commonly charged with researching available computer software and hardware, making purchasing decisions, developing menus and forms, orienting users, and maintaining and upgrading systems. The decision to chart and archive by computer as well as installation and maintenance issues mandate that nurses increase their computer-related knowledge. The article reviews information related to CPR capabilities and rationales for purchase decisions, implementation and staff development issues, ergonomic and maintenance considerations, and realistic expectations of a CPR to provide perinatal nurses who are involved in purchasing, implementing, and maintaining these systems with a timely understanding of important elements that they need to know to make this effort successful.

Archives↗
PubMed1991

Model system for optimising mRNA non-isotopic in situ hybridisation: riboprobe detection of lysozyme mRNA in archival gut biopsy specimens.

The aim of this study was to optimise conditions for mRNA detection by nonisotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH) using biotinylated and digoxigenin labelled riboprobes. Because lysozyme gene transcripts are present at high concentrations in Paneth and other alimentary cells, archival gut biopsy specimens were chosen as a model system for these experiments. Most of the variables in NISH, from unmasking of mRNA, to its ultimate detection by peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase based detection systems, were examined in detail. The most important findings were that simultaneous heating of tissue targets and riboprobes at 95 degrees C for 15 minutes before hybridisation at 50 degrees C for two hours gave the most intense signal for lysozyme mRNA in Paneth cells, Brunner's glands, and lamina propria macrophages; digoxigenin labelled riboprobes gave a higher signal to noise ratio than their biotinylated counterparts, and probes 600 base pairs long were superior to shorter probes. It is concluded that the mRNA NISH method may be generally useful for detecting gene transcription in archival clinical biopsy specimens.

Archives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER-2/neu amplification of breast carcinoma in archival fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER-2/neu amplification of breast carcinoma in archival fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens. STUDY DESIGN: All FISH performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens during January 2003-August 2003 at the University of California Irvine Medical Center were selected. Prior FNABs were retrieved. One cytologic slide was destained in each case. The results were compared with those obtained on histologic specimens using the paired t test. RESULTS: FISH was performed on 41 surgical specimens of breast carcinoma. Thirteen patients had prior FNABs that were positive for adenocarcinoma. After hybridization on destained fine needle aspiration slides, no cells were found in 2 cases, and the results were not readable in 2 cases. In the remaining 9 cases, the results, expressed as the ratio of copies of the HER-2/neu gene to copies of the chromosome 17 centromere, were 5.10, 1.14, 1.21, 1.12, 0.74, 1.11, 1.21, 9.87 and 2.4. Results on the corresponding histologic specimens were 5.25, 1.05, 1.13, 1.22, 1.13, 1.12, 1.21, 9.35 and 2.61, respectively. No significant difference was found (p = 0.23). CONCLUSION: HER-2/neu amplification status by FISH can be accurately and reliably evaluated in existing archival cytologic slides.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clonality analysis of archival cervical smears. Correlation of monoclonality with grade and clinical behavior of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based clonality assay for archival cervical smears and examine its value in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and prediction of its clinical behavior. STUDY DESIGN: Dyskaryotic cells were microdissected from archival cervical smears of 33 cases and subjected to PCR-based clonality analysis of the androgen receptor gene. High-risk HPV subtypes were screened by PCR. RESULTS: Monoclonal patterns were found in 9/9 CIN 3 and 15/21 CIN 2, while polyclonal patterns were observed in the remaining 6 CIN 2 and 3/3 CIN 1. All patients with monoclonal CIN lesions, including 15 CIN 2, showed recurrence of the disease despite treatment. The original CIN 2 and recurrent CIN lesion in each of the 6 examined cases showed the same monoclonal pattern, suggesting a clonal link. In contrast, the patients with polyclonal CIN 1 or 2 became negative and remained disease free. High-risk HPV subtypes were found in all monoclonal CIN lesions, including 9 CIN 3 and 15 CIN 2, and in 4/6 polyclonal CIN 2 but not in CIN 1 lesions. CONCLUSION: Clonality analysis of cervical smears is potentially valuable in the identification of true neoplastic cells and prediction of clinical behavior of CIN 2 lesions.

Archives↗
PubMed1987

Hidden bias in the use of archival data.

Nonresponses in archival data may violate the missing-at-random assumption in ways difficult to detect. Standard methods of comparing sociodemographics of respondents and nonrespondents are inappropriate when the units of analysis are not also the individuals who maintain the archival record. Under these circumstances, the distribution of missing data may be correlated with the dependent variable and traits of the record keepers. This will distort relationships, especially when listwise deletion of missing values is used in multivariate analysis. Data are used from a large clinical chart study of mentally ill patients to demonstrate the process of identifying hidden bias and the implications of such bias.

Archives↗
PubMed2006

Detection of EGFR mutations in archived cytologic specimens of non-small cell lung cancer using high-resolution melting analysis.

Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), particularly deletional mutations (DEL) in exon 19 and L858R in exon 21, are reportedly correlated with clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib, suggesting that detection of EGFR mutations would have an important role in clinical decision making. We established and validated an easy, inexpensive, and rapid method for detecting DEL and L858R from cytologic material by high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA). Dilution for sensitivity studies revealed that DEL and L858R were detectable in the presence of at least 10% and 0.1% EGFR-mutant cells, respectively. We analyzed 37 archived cytological slides of specimens from 29 patients with advanced NSCLC and compared the results with direct sequencing data obtained previously. Of 37 samples, 34 (92%) yielded consistent results with direct sequencing, 2 were false negative, and 1 was indeterminate. The sensitivity of this analysis was 90% (19/21) and specificity, 100% (15/15). These results suggest that HRMA of archived cytologic specimens of advanced NSCLC is useful for detecting EGFR mutations in clinical practice.

Archives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Images of Brazil: a Rockefeller Archive Center collection].

This article describes and comments on the collection of photographs of Brazil that belongs to the Rockefeller Foundation archives (Rockefeller Archive Center) in the United States. It also contains information about the origin of such documents and the way they were collected, as well as analyzes the context in which these visual documents were produced. They record the relationship between Rockefeller Foundation and Brazilian institutions engaged in the combat against yellow fever, malaria and ancyclostomaisis from 1920 to 1940.

Archives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Worklists, preloading and archiving strategies; 3 years of clinical experience in the Barcelona PACS.

We present data on 3 years of clinical experience using PACS involving developments on worklists, preloading and archiving strategies in a teaching paediatric hospital with all modalities connected to a commercial PACS. A method allowing generation of and handling of different worklists for computed radiography examinations has been developed in our centre. Worklists and archiving strategies are presented and discussed. We conclude that, with adequate worklists and efficient preloading implementation, current PACS could be used successfully in several clinical settings of a multimodality department.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Photo CD and medical archives.

Most people involved in medical photography and illustration are aware of the difficulties of efficient archiving and retrieval of picture information. The recent developments in Photo CD now enable cost effective storage of high resolution images. Applications already exist for easy archive management and new software developments make it simple to tailor standard systems for professional people in very specific fields without the necessity of commissioning programmers and system developers with the consequential cost implications.

Archives↗
PubMed2005

The Web Experiment List: a Web service for the recruitment of participants and archiving of Internet-based experiments.

The Web Experiment List (http://genpsylab-wexlist.unizh.ch/), a free Web-based service for the recruitment of participants in Internet-based experiments, is presented. The Web Experiment List also serves as a searchable archive for the research community. It lists more than 250 links to and descriptions of current and past Web experiments. Searches can be conducted by area of research, language, type of study, date, and status (active vs. archived). Data from log file analyses reveal an increasing use of the Web Experiment List and provide a picture of the distribution of the use of the Web experiment method across disciplines. On a general theoretical note, Web services are discussed as a viable software alternative to the traditional program format.

Archives↗
PubMed2001

Using on-line and CD-ROM database archives as an adjunct to teaching survey research methods.

Many undergraduate courses in research methods include a section on surveys. A number of practical issues can interfere with the design and implementation of student survey research and often preclude the completion of well-designed survey studies. This paper examines the use of on-line and CD-ROM databases as an alternative to student-designed survey instruments. Problems faced by student survey researchers can often be addressed by the use of such databases, rather than by "live" surveys. Data from experimental research collected on line are also available and downloadable for analysis, providing even greater flexibility for analysis. Advantages and problems of using archival databases in the teaching of survey research are considered. A brief list of databases that may be suitable for student research is provided, and a list of URLs, including where and how to obtain archives, is given.

Archives↗
PubMed2004

Measures of temporal discrimination in fixed-interval performance: a case study in archiving data.

The primary data of many experimental studies of animal learning and performance consist of the times at which stimuli and reinforcers were delivered, and the times at which responses occurred. The articles based on most of these studies report selected data, either from some sessions or some animals, or summary measures of the animals' behavior. The primary data are sufficient to produce any of the selected and summary measures, but the selected and summarized data cannot produce many of the measures used in other experimental reports. It is now feasible to archive the primary data from animal behavior experiments so that they are accessible for others to perform secondary analysis. The value of such secondary analysis of archived data is described with a case study in which rats were trained on three fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement. The full data set may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myelin staining of archival brain tissue.

To evaluate the feasibility of staining for myelin in archival materials, paraffin blocks were prepared from brain tissue that had been in formalin for intervals ranging from 7 months to over 53 years. Verhoeff and Luxol fast blue stains of the resulting sections yielded staining whose quality was unaffected by duration of fixation. Myelinated and unmyelinated areas were clearly distinguished, and the morphology of individual myelin sheaths was well-preserved. No changes to conventional protocols were required, but it was necessary carefully to monitor the progress of differentiation. With antigen retrieval, it was possible to display immunoreactivity for myelin basic protein. While this persisted even after prolonged fixation, fine detail was lost from the myelin sheaths, and there was staining of oligodendroglial cytoplasm and nuclei, which was not seen in recently fixed tissue. In contrast to this loss of detail in myelin sheaths, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein displayed astrocytic morphology clearly, even in the oldest tissue. We conclude that archival, formalin-fixed material can be adequately examined for myelin loss and astrocytosis.

Adult↗