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Results for “ANTISEPSIS”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Povidone-iodine gel vaginal antisepsis for abdominal hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess the safety and effectiveness of vaginal povidone-iodine gel in reducing febrile morbidity after abdominal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: This cohort study included 158 women treated with gel immediately before hysterectomy, after the usual surgical preparation, and 317 historic control subjects with the usual surgical preparation only, at two teaching hospitals. Febrile morbidity was assessed by a blinded review of temperature records and was analyzed by Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Febrile morbidity occurred in 17% of gel-treated patients and 26% of controls (adjusted odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.89). In patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics the adjusted odds ratio for febrile morbidity in gel-treated patients was 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.83). Prolonged fever occurred in 17% of controls and 10% of gel-treated patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.97). CONCLUSION: Preoperative vaginal povidone-iodine gel is a safe and promising technique for reducing febrile morbidity after hysterectomy.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1999

Clinical correlation of a skin antisepsis model.

The use of pigskin as a test substrate for evaluating topical antimicrobial activity has been developed. Simulated handwashing protocols with this in vitro model in parallel with in vivo studies have been evaluated, based on an ASTM method for the clinical evaluation of a healthcare personnel handwash. Using Serratia marcescens as the test organism, similar log reductions were observed using the in vitro model when compared to in vivo efficacy. Results suggest that this model can be used as a reliable indicator of antiseptic efficacy on the skin. The use of sterilized skin simplifies the use of this model for both efficacy and skin-pathogen interaction studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Discovery of novel and potent small-molecule inhibitors of NO and cytokine production as antisepsis agents: synthesis and biological activity of alkyl 6-(N-substituted sulfamoyl)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate.

To develop a new therapeutic agent for sepsis, screening of the Takeda chemical library was carried out using mouse macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to identify a new class of small-molecule inhibitors of inflammatory mediator production. The lead compound 5a was discovered, from which a series of novel cyclohexene derivatives I bearing a sulfamoyl and ester group were designed, synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production. Derivatives I were synthesized by the coupling of sulfonyl chlorides and anilines with concomitant double bond migration in the presence of triethylamine, and phenyl ring substitution and modification of the ester and cyclohexene moieties were carried out. Among the compounds synthesized, ethyl (6R)-6-[N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate [(R)-(+)-5n, TAK-242] was found to exhibit the most potent suppressive activity for the production of not only NO but also inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages with IC50 values of 1.8, 1.9 and 1.3 nM, respectively. It shows marked beneficial effects in vivo also. Intravenous administration of (R)-(+)-5n at doses of 0.1 mg/kg or more suppressed the production of NO and various cytokines [TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta] in the mouse endotoxin shock model. Furthermore, it protected mice from death dose-dependently and all mice survived at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The minimum effective dose to protect mice from lethality in this model was 0.3 mg/kg, which was consistent with those for inhibitory effects on the production of NO and cytokines. Compound (R)-(+)-5n is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Spinal-injured neuropathic bladder antisepsis (SINBA) trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Methenamine Hippurate (MH) or cranberry tablets prevent urinary tract infections (UTI) in people with neuropathic bladder following spinal cord injury (SCI). STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind factorial-design randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 2 year recruitment period from November 2000 and 6 month follow-up. SETTING: In total, 543 eligible predominantly community dwelling patients were invited to participate in the study, of whom 305 (56%) agreed. METHODS: Eligible participants were people with SCI with neurogenic bladder and stable bladder management. All regimens were indistinguishable in appearance and taste. The dose of MH used was 1 g twice-daily. The dose of cranberry used was 800 mg twice-daily. The main outcome measure was the time to occurrence of a symptomatic UTI. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that patients randomized to MH did not have a significantly longer UTI-free period compared to placebo (HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.68-1.35, P=0.75). Patients randomized to cranberry likewise did not have significantly longer UTI-free period compared to placebo (HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.67-1.31, P=0.70). CONCLUSION: There is no benefit in the prevention of UTI from the addition of MH or cranberry tablets to the usual regimen of patients with neuropathic bladder following SCI.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of predelivery vaginal antisepsis on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Egypt.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if cleansing the birth canal with an antiseptic solution at delivery reduces infections in mothers and their newborn babies. METHODS: Women giving birth in the University Hospital, Alexandria, and their newborns were studied. No intervention for 3 months was followed by 3 months of intervention. Intervention consisted of manually wiping the maternal birth canal with a 0.25% chlorhexidine solution at admission and at every vaginal examination before delivery. Babies were also wiped with chlorhexidine. RESULTS: The study enrolled 4415 women and 4431 newborns. The nonintervention phase comprised 2128 mothers and 2138 newborns, and 2287 mothers and 2293 babies were enrolled in the intervention phase. There were no adverse reactions related to the intervention among the mothers or their children. There was no difference in the overall number of neonatal admissions in both groups, but the admissions because of infection, deaths, and mortalities from infection were significantly less in the intervention group. Among mothers receiving the intervention, admissions, deaths, and infections were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Cleansing the birth canal with chlorhexidine reduced neonatal and maternal postpartum infections. The safety, simplicity, and low cost of the procedure suggest that it should be considered standard care for the reduction of infant and maternal morbidity and mortality.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical study comparing the skin antisepsis and safety of ChloraPrep, 70% isopropyl alcohol, and 2% aqueous chlorhexidine.

ChloraPrep (2% chlorhexidine gluconate + 70% isopropyl alcohol [CHG + IPA] in a 3.0-mL applicator) is a recently approved antiseptic for preoperative skin preparation. This controlled open-label trial assessed the immediate and persistent antimicrobial efficacy and safety of CHG + IPA compared with 70% IPA or a 2% CHG aqueous solution alone. Each antiseptic significantly reduced abdominal and inguinal microbial counts from baseline at 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours (P =.0001). CHG + IPA provided significantly more persistent antimicrobial activity on abdominal sites than IPA (P =.003) or CHG (P =.028) at 24 hours. No skin irritations were reported for any of the three antiseptics.

2-Propanol↗