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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal. A case report with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration.

BACKGROUND: Although the cytologic findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma have been reported frequently, fine needle aspiration diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal has not been reported before in the English-language literature. CASE: A 70-year-old female presented with a mass occluding the external auditory canal. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed. The smears showed hyaline globules surrounded by tumor cells. The tumor cells had uniform, round, hyperchromatic nuclei, visible nucleoli and little cytoplasm. Based on these cytomorphologic features, diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma was rendered and then confirmed by histopathologic examination. CONCLUSION: This is the first cytologic report of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal, a rare site for this tumor.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology of primary pulmonary mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma. A report of four cases.

BACKGROUND: Mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinomas are very rare primary pulmonary neoplasms that can be classified under the broader heading of salivary gland-like neoplasms (SGN). Both entities need to be considered in the cytologic differential diagnosis of lung tumors. We reviewed cytologic findings in primary pulmonary neoplasms diagnosed at our institution during the time period 1981 to the present along with outside consultation cases. CASES: Three cases of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma and one case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung were diagnosed based on cytology during the period examined. Patient ages were 16, 25, 47 and 78 years, respectively. The mucoepidermoid cytology specimens were composed of three cell types, mucinous, squamous and intermediate cells, at times associated with extracellular mucin. The adenoid cystic carcinoma consisted of small, uniform cells with dark nuclei, scant cytoplasm and associated, acellular balls of basement membrane material. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis for primary pulmonary neoplasms needs to include the rare SGN. Cytologic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma are diagnostic; those of mucoepidermoid carcinoma are at least suggestive.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenoid cystic (cylindromatous) carcinoma associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri: cytologic presentation of a case with histologic and ultrastructural correlations.

BACKGROUND: Adenoid cystic (cylindromatous) carcinoma is a rare tumor. It accounts for approximately < 1-3% of primary adenocarcinomas of the cervix uteri. Its origin is debatable. It has a higher incidence in postmenopausal women but can develop in patients under 40. An association of adenoid cystic carcinoma with squamous cell carcinoma has been reported. CASE: A case of invasive adenoid cystic (cylindromatous) carcinoma associated with an in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix detected on Papanicolaou smears is reported. Ultrastructural studies provided findings that confirmed that the hyaline material corresponded to the remnants of the lamina densa of the basement membrane of malignant cells. CONCLUSION: The concurrence of these two tumors supports the hypothesis that adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix may develop from multipotent reserve cells.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenoids and otitis media with effusion.

At adenoidectomy specimens for bacteriological, virological, and histological investigation were obtained from the adenoids of 144 children, 53 of whom suffered from otitis media with effusion, or frequently recurring otitis media. Comparison of findings in children with ear diseases with those obtained in the rest of the material showed that Hemophilus influenza was cultured from 50% of the specimens from the children with ear diseases, while only 14% of the cultures from the other children yielded H. influenza. Virus isolates were made from 17 adenoids. In children with ear diseases a virus was isolated from 28% of the specimens, whereas positive isolates were obtained in only 3% of the rest of the speciemens. Both findings are statistically significant and support the view that the adenoid tissue may play an important role in the etiology of otitis media with effusion. The infected adenoid may be the direct source of the primary infections, or continuous microbial irritation in the nasopharynx may indirectly be the cause of otitis media with effusion, as persistent infection and edema maintain chronic dysfunction of the eustachian tube. Thus adenoidectomy may be beneficial in the treatment of frequently recurring otitis media, preventing otitis media with effusion from developing.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1990

Velar-pharyngeal status in cleft palate patients with expected adenoidal involution.

This study was designed to provide information about whether cleft palate patients with hypertrophied adenoids maintain velar-pharyngeal contact during the time of expected adenoidal atrophy. Thirty-nine subjects were selected from a large longitudinal study on the basis of availability of lateral still x-ray films taken in series from 5 to 16 years of age. Ratings of velar-pharyngeal contact and ratings of adenoid size were obtained from the films. The obtained data indicated the expected decrease in adenoid size but also, for the group, maintenance of velar-pharyngeal contact. However, three of the 39 subjects were judged to show loss of such contact during the period of study, and an additional four had surgery for velopharyngeal incompetence after the completion of the study. All seven appeared to show significant deterioration of velopharyngeal status in middle or late adolescence. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1994

Mycoplasma and Chlamydia in adenoids and tonsils of children undergoing adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy.

The prevalence of mycoplasmal and chlamydial infection was assessed in 83 children undergoing adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or both procedures for recurrent adenotonsillitis or obstructive symptoms. Throat smears (surface specimens) and minced adenoids and tonsils (core specimens) were cultured for Mycoplasma spp and for Chlamydia spp. Isolation rates in adenoidal specimens were as follows: Mycoplasma hominis, surface 7.1% core 2.9%; and Ureaplasma urealyticum, surface 1.4%, core 2.9%. Mycoplasma hominis was also found in tonsillar specimens: surface 14.3%, core 20%. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated only from a single core adenoidal specimen. The rate of mycoplasma isolation was significantly higher in children with recurrent adenotonsillitis (34.5%) than in those with obstructive symptoms (3.7%). Our findings document colonization of genital mycoplasmas in adenoids and tonsils of children with recurrent adenotonsillitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible pathogenetic role of these microorganisms in adenotonsillar infection.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1994

Possible role of adenoid mast cells in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media.

The distribution of mast cells in the adenoidectomy specimens of 76 children with enlarged adenoids was studied. Forty of the patients had secretory otitis media; the remaining 36 had normally aerated middle ears. The mast cells were identified on the basis of the metachromatic staining of their cytoplasmic granules with toluidine blue. Patients with secretory otitis media had a twofold increase of their mast cell population compared to those without middle ear disease. Statistical analysis confirmed that the difference between the two groups is significant (p = .0001). The results of the study are consistent with the previous finding of increased histamine concentration in adenoids of children with secretory otitis media and lend support to the adenoid mediator release hypothesis, whereby the adenoid mast cells degranulate and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators that induce eustachian tube insufficiency and otitis media with effusion.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative bacteriology in adenoid tissue.

Over the past several years the indications for adenoidectomy have become increasingly controversial. Attempts to justify the operation in recurrent otitis media by correlating cultures of the nasopharynx with cultures of middle ear fluid have been inconclusive. Using quantitative bacteriologic techniques, we have studied the levels of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria per gram of tissue in adenoids removed from 48 patients. In seven patients, adenoidectomy was performed for nasal obstruction alone, in 17 patients for chronic serous otitis media, and in 24 patients for recurrent suppurative and serous otitis media. Using the criterion that greater than 10(5) organisms/gm of tissue constitutes infection, we found that 83% (20) of patients in the third group had infected adenoids, as opposed to only 15% (4) in the first and second group combined. Adenoid size measured radiographically did not correlate with the presence of infection. Adenoid size measured radiographically did not correlate with the presence of infection. When recurrent suppurative and serous otitis media are unresponsive to medical therapy including antibiotics and decongestants, adenoidectomy should be considered in addition to myringotomy and ventilation tubes.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deficiency of INFgamma producing cells in adenoids of children exposed to passive smoke.

Exposure to passive smoke is a very common event associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Many related adverse effects result from the ability of cigarette smoke extracts to interfere with the immune system, but the mechanism is not yet completely understood. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the intracellular cytokine profile in adenoids and peripheral blood cells of children exposed to passive smoke. Children undergoing adenoidectomy exposed or not exposed to passive smoke were studied. The intracellular cytokine profile of lymphocyte subsets in adenoids and in peripheral blood were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Children exposed to tobacco smoke showed a significantly lower percentage of INF-gamma producing CD4+ and CD8+ cells in adenoids. Moreover a significant correlation was observed between the quantity of exposure and reduction in Th1 (CD4+INFgamma+ and CD8+INFgamma+) cells in adenoids. This reduction may be a contributing factor in the increasing susceptibility to respiratory tract infection in children exposed to tobacco smoke.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2005

Suction diathermy adenoid ablation.

Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure frequently carried out in otolaryngological practice, traditionally undertaken blindly with curettage using an adenotome following palpation of the adenoid bed. While a number of alternative methods have been described for surgical removal of the adenoid pad (power-assisted/microdebrider, transnasal adenoid ablation, suction coagulation and liquefaction/aspiration) none has become the definitive procedure. Suction diathermy adenoidectomy has been known and used for some time; it has gained in popularity over recent years and is established as an alternative to conventional curettage, particularly in children. We describe several techniques which improve the view of the surgical field while performing suction diathermy adenoid ablation.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1988

The role of adenoids in the development of normal speech following palate repair.

The controversy surrounding the various approaches to palate repair continues unabated. Issues which have been studied relative to the development of normal speech following palate repair have included surgical technique and the timing of surgery. However, regardless of the various refinements in surgery, a percentage of children require secondary surgery to resolve velopharyngeal insufficiency. To date, other factors which might be responsible for the development of normal speech have been ignored. The purpose of this report is to discuss the importance of the relative size of the adenoids in relation to the success or failure of primary palatoplasty. Velopharyngeal valving in noncleft (normal) children was also observed. Eight hundred fifty children with nonsyndromic clefts and 138 children with syndromic clefts were analyzed for speech results postpalatoplasty relative to adenoid size. One hundred normal children were also studied. The data suggest a strongly positive correlation between the incidence of hypernasal resonance postpalatoplasty and relative adenoid size in the cleft children. Velar-adenoidal closure was consistently observed in both the cleft and normal children.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2005

Expression of c-kit in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast.

Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (BACC) is a biologically distinct tumor with morphologic mimickers, which might make accurate classification problematic. Because c-kit expression has been reported in adenoid cystic carcinoma of various anatomic sites, we evaluated BACC for c-kit by immunohistochemical analysis, comparing the findings to similarly stained mimickers. Tested cases included 6 BACCs, 15 low-grade infiltrating ductal carcinomas (LGIDCs) chosen as potential mimickers, and 15 head-neck adenoid cystic carcinomas (HNACCs). All BACCs showed plasma membranous and cytoplasmic staining equal to or greater than that of adjacent benign epithelium. Five BACCs (83%) expressed c-kit in more than 50% of tumor cells. Only 2 of 15 LGIDCs expressed low-intensity, focal c-kit staining. Of the 15 HNACCs, 10 (67%) expressed c-kit. Hormone receptors were consistently negative in BACCs. All BACCs expressed c-kit, whereas LGIDCs infrequently expressed low-intensity c-kit. Immunohistochemical evaluation for c-kit might aid in accurately classifying carcinomas with histologic features overlapping adenoid cystic carcinoma and LGIDC.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Adenoid cystic carcinoma: a pitfall in aspiration cytology of the thyroid.

While adenoid cystic carcinoma is not an uncommon tumor in the salivary glands, its occurrence in the larynx and trachea is rare. Extension of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx and trachea to the thyroid with manifestation as a thyroid nodule is extremely rare. However, this possibility always should be considered whenever there are cytologic features suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma in thyroid aspirates and when there is a history of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the trachea or larynx or in any part of the body.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Interactive influence of a pharyngeal flap and an adenoid on maxillofacial growth in cleft lip and palate patients.

The aim was to evaluate whether a large adenoid, which aids velopharyngeal function, influences facial growth and if a pharyngeal flap reinforces the effect. Forty cleft palate patients were divided into two groups: adenoid and nonadenoid. Twenty of the patients had a pharyngeal flap operation. All the patients had three cephalograms taken at the same ages over a period of 5 years. At an average age of 4.7 years, i.e., one year before any pharyngoplasty, the mandibular inclination was larger in the adenoid group. This inferioposterior mandibular position was aggravated when a flap was added and with age. The present study suggests that the nasopharyngeal space, which is indicative of nasal airway patency, is influenced by a pharyngeal flap as well as an adenoid which, in turn, influences facial growth direction in the cleft palate population. Airway variables ought to be taken into consideration when the growth effect of cleft palate treatment is evaluated.

Adenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune complexes in the middle ear fluid and adenoid tissue in chronic secretory otitis media.

Specimens of middle ear effusion and adenoid tissue were studied for bacteria and pneumococcal capsular antigen in 107 patients with secretory otitis media. 120 of 163 middle ear effusion samples (73.6%) were negative on bacterial culture. Hemophilus influenzae was present in 9.2% and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1.8%. Hemophilus influenzae was cultured from 44.8% and Streptococcus pneumoniae from 35.5% of 107 adenoid tissue specimens. Free pneumococcal capsular antigen was demonstrated in 10.4% of the middle ear fluids and this figure rose to 23% when antigen was liberated from the immune complexes by heating. The corresponding figures for adenoid tissue suspension were 27.1% and 39%. The adenoid tissue or the lymphoid tissue of the entire oropharynx could act as the source of antigen which could maintain immune complex disease in some patients suffering from secretory otitis media.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1996

Persistence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in adenoid macrophages: a putative colonization mechanism.

That nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHI) can reside intracellularly in human adenoid tissue has been suggested by use of in situ hybridization of a fluorescein labelled 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe (FISH). Adenoid tissues from 43 children operated on in a clinically infection-free interval were investigated. FISH revealed H. influenzae in macrophage-like cells, located subepithelially in the crypts in all 43 adenoids. Furthermore, H. influenzae was detected in 22/22 adenoids using immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibody MAHI-3 recognizing a conserved H. influenzae LPS inner-core region. FISH and staining with monoclonal antibodies against immunophenotypic markers were performed simultaneously in order to characterize the cellular interrelations in this microenvironment. The findings of widespread presence of H. influenzae in cells of which some strongly expressed the CD14 marker of the monocyte/macrophage lineage may correspond to an important aspect of the colonization mechanisms whereby NTHI persists in the nasopharynx of children.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2000

Adenoids and tonsils, indications for surgery and immunological consequences of surgery.

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy procedures are among the oldest surgical procedures still performed today. Tonsils and adenoids are part of Waldeyer's ring, the basic function of which is antibody formation. Because of their location at the portal of entry of many airborne and alimentary antigens, the tonsils and adenoids often have been considered as the first line of defense against respiratory infections. Indications for adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy are to date still controversial. The two main indications for tonsillectomy are upper airway obstruction due to tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent acute or chronic tonsillitis. Adenoid hypertrophy with upper airway or eustachian tube obstruction and recurrent acute or chronic adenoiditis or otitis media are main indications to perform an adenoidectomy. The possible immunological effects of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are still controversial. Some authors have found changes in immunoglobulin levels after tonsillectomy, while others failed to find significant changes. In a review of long-term follow-up studies, the authors showed that while tonsillectomy may lead to certain changes in the cellular and humoral immune system, these alterations are clinically insignificant and no increased frequency of immunomodulated diseases should be expected.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[An experimental study of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of the human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma in vitro and in vivo].

OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 on the invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Reconstituted basement membrane invasion assay was used to evaluate invasive ability of cancer cells. Type IV collagenase was assessed by PAGE substrate zymography. In addition, the antimetastasis effect of the compound was studied in in vivo experiments using nude mice model of pulmonary metastasis with ACC-M line of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. RESULTS: BB-94, at the concentrations of 10 mumol/L and 100 mumol/L, suppressed the reconstituted basement invasion of ACC-M human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by 32.9%, 53.2% and reduced Type IV collagenase activities in the serum-free supernatant of the same cells. The pulmonary metastasis rate of the control and treated groups was 90.0% and 20.0%, respectively (P < 0.01). The lung weight of the control and treated groups was (0.2090 +/- 0.0667) g and (0.1532 +/- 0.0378) g, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 has a strong inhibitory effect on invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Animals↗