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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Basic and clinical evaluation of rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis by detecting tuberculostearic acid].

Tuberculostearic acid (TSA) is known to be one of the characteristic lipid in the limited species of the order Actinomycetale, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We studied the significance of detecting TSA in the diagnosis of tuberculosis from clinical specimens collected from 791 patients with various respiratory diseases by using gas--chromatography/mass--spectrometry. By our method, the detectable limit of TSA was around 10(2)-10(3) bacilli of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and our method is as sensitive as culture examination for tuberculosis. In sputa collected from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (n=169), TSA positively was around 90%, while less than 10% false positive ws also recognized. In pleural effusion (n=81) and bronchial washing (n=91) collected from patients with active tuberculosis, the positivity of TSA was around 70%. We could also detect TSA in about 30% of clinical specimens collected from patients suspected of tuberculosis. The diagnostic sensitivity of TSA for tuberculosis was similar to that of adenosine deaminase activity (ADA), while TSA was slightly superior to ADA in specificity. These findings indicate that detection of TSA from clinical specimens is useful to make rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1988

The teichoic acids of actinomycetes.

The discovery of teichoic acids in the cell walls of a number of actinomycetes suggests that these polymers are widespread in the order Actinomycetales. Structural variations in the teichoic acids are described and their possible physiological functions are discussed.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Fine structural studies of Rhodococcus species.

Fine structural aspects of Rhodococcus rhodochrous and R. equi are described and illustrated by electron micrographs after staining of cells by a variety of electron cytochemical procedures. The cell contents of these actinomycetous bacteria were those of a typical prokaryotic cell and consistent with that observed for other species of the Actinomycetales. Fixation with either osmium tetroxide or permanganate indicated the presence of an electron opaque substance at the wall exterior of R. rhodochrous which is thought to be composed of protein. Ruthenium red and Alcian blue-lanthanum stains for mucosubstances revealed that both species possess a capsular substance thought to be composed of a mucopolysaccharide or mucopolysaccharide-protein complex. This substance was non-reactive toward the PATAg stain for polysaccharide macromolecules containing vicinal glycol groups.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1994

[Identification of cultures of Mycobacteria cultivated using sodium salicylate medium].

Sodium salicylate test is used in bacteriological practice to distinguish M. tuberculosis and M. bovis from other mycobacterial species. The species of the strains growing in sodium salicylate media are not as a rule identified. This was done using gas chromatography with cultures which had grown in Lowenstein-Jensen media with sodium salicylate and isolated from the patients admitted to the Tuberculous hospital in 1991-1993. Only 20% of the strains belonged to human mycobacteria, the others were opportunistic or saprophyte mycobacteria (M. avium, M. fortuitum, M. phlei, M. flavescens, M. vaccae, M. smegmatis), some of the cultures were not of the Mycobacterium genus, but belonged to other Actinomycetales. It is evident that with sodium salicylate test one cannot be absolutely sure of Mycobacteria isolation. The strains growing in sodium salicylate medium call for further investigations.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1994

Bacteria and pesticides: a new aspect of interaction--involvement of a new biofactor.

Positively charged hydrophobic pesticides of the dipyridyl family [diquat, paraquat, benzylviologen (BV++), etc.] were shown to provoke accumulation of 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol-2,4- cyclopyrophosphate in the cells Corynebacterium (Brevibacterium) ammoniagenes while neutral dipyridyls were not. Hydrophobicity was also an important factor in this phenomenon. Of the other pesticides tested, only linuron was effective. BV++ also induced biosynthesis of the compound in Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Rh.ruber, Rh.sp. (Nocardia corynebacteroides). These microorganisms as well as most of the previously identified oxidative stress activated producers of this new cyclopyrophosphate were able to synthesize free radical generating compounds. The microorganisms concerned belong mainly to the order Actinomycetales.

2,2'-Dipyridyl↗
PubMed1994

Purification and properties of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Streptomyces antibioticus.

A novel type of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) was purified from culture supernatant of a strain of Actinomycetales, Streptomyces antibioticus. The purified enzyme showed a single band on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native PAGE) with a molecular weight of 32 kDa, but showed two polypeptides, named alpha- and beta-peptides, on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with molecular weights of 23 kDa and 15 kDa, respectively. From the results of both electrophoretic analysis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing, it was estimated that the enzyme was composed of alpha- and beta-peptides. The enzyme could hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol, but not any other glycerophospholipids. The enzyme had pH and temperature optima at around 7.0 and 30 degrees C, respectively, and was stable up to 50 degrees C when incubated at pH 8.0 for 30 min. The PI-PLC was strongly activated by SDS, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and diethyl ether, but not by Triton X-100, and inhibited by cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The enzyme was activated a little by Ca2+ and was inhibited completely by a chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and glycoletherdiaminetetraacetic acid (EGTA). Their inhibitions were restored by the addition of Ca2+, suggesting that a certain amount of Ca2+ is essential for the enzymatic activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synthesis, function, and evolutionary origin of secondary metabolites produced by micro-organisms].

The microbial secondary metabolites are compounds with a wide range of chemical structures, produced mainly by actinomycetales and some fungi, usually in the late growth phase. Although a high proportion of this metabolites are antibiotics, there are also examples with pigment, herbicide and surfactant properties. Its function has been correlated to bacterial pathogenicity and cellular differentiation, however, properties dealing with chelation, hormonal and antitumor activities as well as nutritional reserve have been also reported. As in other examples of cellular compounds, the secondary metabolites are produced from low molecular weight precursors. For this purpose, specific biosynthetic pathways are utilized and regulated by processes which generally affect either the activity or the synthesis of the enzymes involved in it. Considering the secondary metabolites apparently are dispensable compounds, there are difficulties to explain their existence from an evolutionary point of view. Explanations to their existence have gone from laboratory artifacts to those conferring them an adaptative value in the past. It seems that they were maintained due to selective advantages to the producer microorganisms and probably, their sometimes complex biosynthetic pathways, have emerged from primary metabolites and evolved later independently by random mutation, amplification and genetic transfer.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multiple resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics in bacteria isolated from the Riachuelo].

Riachuelo is a heavy contaminated course of water, partially surrounding Buenos Aires city. The presence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and heavy metals was studied. Among the isolated Gram positive colonies, 65, 59 and 48% were resistant to 60 micrograms/ml of Pb++, Zn++ and Cd++, respectively, and 20% grew in the presence of 50 micrograms/6ml gentamicin. Most of these microorganisms belonged to the order Actinomycetales. Accordingly, high percentages of resistance were detected (among the 11 Gram negative isolates (Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae), although only one isolate was gentamicin resistant. Four Gram negative isolates also showed a broad spectrum of resistance to tetracycline, erythromyci, ampicillin, amikacin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin.

Argentina↗
PubMed1995

[Primary cutaneous nocardia asteroides nocardiosis in an immunocompromised patient].

INTRODUCTION: Nocardiasis is caused by a germ belonging to the Actinomycetales order. Skin disease usually occurs as a secondary localization of a pulmonary infection in an immunocompromised patient. Purely cutaneous lesions usually occur in immunocompetent subjects. CASE REPORT: We observed primary cutaneous nocardiasis due to N. asteroides with a cold abscess in a patient with a pemphigoid given immunodepression treatment. DISCUSSION: Primary cutaneous nocardiasis can occur by direct contamination of a skin wound. In our patient with a pemphigoid given immunodepression treatment, the erosion of a pemphigoid bulla and general corticosteroid treatment favoured the localized infection. Cure could not be obtained until after 7 months treatment. This long course can be explained by the need to continue high-dose general corticosteroids to control the pemphigoid.

Aged↗
PubMed1963

MICROMORPHOLOGY OF DERMATOPHILUS CONGOLENSIS.

Gordon, Morris A. (Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany), and Mercedes R. Edwards. Micromorphology of Dermatophilus congolensis. J. Bacteriol. 86:1101-1115. 1963.-As seen in electron micrographs of thin sections, Dermatophilus congolensis is a holocarpic actinomycete that fragments, after formation of septa in several planes, into Sarcina-like packets and then into individual cocci. Release of coccal forms from the filaments and packets is by dissolution of a capsular matrix, which is a product of degradation of the cell wall. The plasmalemma is a "unit membrane." Regularly occurring plasmalemmosomes ("onion bodies") of uniform structure are apparently related to septum formation. A typical bacterial nucleoid is seen in most sections, and ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Specimens for electron microscopy were prepared by a modification of Kellenberger's method.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2006

Whipple's disease with muscle impairment.

A 67-year-old man presented with myalgia, muscle atrophy, and a history of seronegative polyarthritis. Blood tests showed inflammation but no hematologic or immunologic abnormalities. Muscle biopsy revealed no vasculitis or myositis but Tropheryma whipplei was detected by polymerase chain reaction in muscle, blood, and duodenum specimens; this was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Ceftriaxone led to clinical improvement. Although rare, Whipple's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse myopathy.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1991

Quantification of keratinolytic activity from Dermatophilus congolensis.

The bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis is the causative agent of pitted keratolysis, a skin disease. Infection occurs mainly in keratinized tissues and it is necessary for the organism to produce and excrete exoenzymes which are able to degrade keratin. We investigated the amount of keratinase liberated using Keratinazure as substrate and the fungal protease XI as standard. When compared with uninoculated samples, D. congolensis liberated significant amounts of keratinase during a 12-day incubation period with this substrate. An equivalent of 15 units of protease (keratinase) was produced by 10(7) colony-forming units of D. congolensis during a 12-day period at 37 degrees C. We consider the extracellular proteolytic activity of this bacterium to be responsible for keratinized tissues being the main sites of infection.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1978

The effect of prednisolone trimethylacetate on the pathogenicity of Dermatophilus congolensis to white mice.

Albino mice were successfully infected intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and on the intact and scarified skin with Dermatophilus congolensis. Various gross lesions were observed. Large subcutaneous nodules were produced in mice that were injected subcutaneously. Lesions involving the internal organs were obtained in mice that had been injected intravenously and intraperitoneally in addition to microabsessation and scab formation on the tails of those that were injected intravenously. The application of D. congolensis on scarified skin resulted in scab formation covering the whole area while its application on non-scarified skin produced isolated lesions. The organism was isolated in pure culture from exudate, pus and scab material obtained from lesions. Severe histopathological changes were noted in sections prepared from the lesions. Premedication of mice with prednisolone trimethylacetate increased the severity of the experimentally induced lesions.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1983

Morphology of experimental actinomycotic abscess in mice with Dermatophilus-like microorganisms from porcine tonsil.

Experimental infection in mice with Dermatophilus (D.) congolensis-like microorganisms was carried out, intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. This strain had been isolated from porcine tonsil and reported to be different in some morphological and biological points from D. congolensis. Macroscopic examination revealed multiple abscesses in the peritoneal cavities, or subcutaneous abscesses after the intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection respectively. Histopathologic examination revealed the characteristic arrangement of the neutrophils surrounding the bacterial colony and peripheral macrophages in the abscess lesions. The lesions contained many microorganisms which showed wide range of the characteristic morphologic variation such as: mycelial elements, coccoid elements and large coccoid elements with transverse or longitudinal septa. Chlamydospore-like elements were sometimes found in the microcolonies in early lesions. The morphology of the lesions and the microorganisms was compared with those of other bacteria including D. congolensis.

Abscess↗