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PubMed1985

Inhibition of [3H]-thymidine uptake in human gingival fibroblasts by extracts from human dental plaque, oral bacteria of the Streptococcus and Actinomyces species.

Extracts from human dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces israelli and Actinomyces odontolyticus inhibited [3H]-thymidine uptake by primary human gingival fibroblast cell lines as previous work has shown in respect of HeLa cells. The results show that a variety of oral bacteria, not usually considered to be periodontal pathogens, elaborate factors that adversely affect fibroblasts.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1990

Immunochemical studies on levans from several strains of Actinomyces viscosus.

High molecular-weight levans elaborated by 8 separate strains of Actinomyces viscosus were purified: the inteactions of these levans with concanavalin A and anti-fructan myeloma immunoglobulins UPC-10 and J606 were examined by the quantitative precipitin method. Oligosaccharides released from the levans by partial acid hydrolysis were separated by partition chromatography on paper and characterized in situ by selective spray reagents. The liberated oligomers were compared with oligomers of known structure released from levans of Aerobacter levanicum and Leuconostoc mesenteriodes B512 as well as with plant inulin. The fragmentation analysis indicated a structure for Actinomyces levans comprising chains of beta (2----6)-linked fructofuranosyl units joined through multiple (1,2,6)-linked fructosyl branch units.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1993

Interactions of Actinomyces naeslundii strains T14V and ATCC 12104 with saliva, collagen and fibrinogen.

Approximately similar numbers of actinomyces cells adhered to hydroxylapatite beads coated with saliva, collagen or fibrinogen. Adherence generally was unaffected by the presence of free saliva. Binding of cells to collagen- or fibrinogen-coated beads was reduced in the presence of either free collagen or fibrinogen. Glucan inhibited bacterial adherence only to collagen-coated hydroxylapatite beads. It is suggested that actinomyces bind to saliva-, collagen- or fibrinogen-coated surfaces by different mechanisms, but that these mechanisms involve some common bacterial cell-surface components.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1980

Actinomyces in the endometrium of IUD users.

The colonization of the female genital tract with Actinomyces is closely related to the presence of an IUD in the uterine cavity. This was confirmed in the present study, which shows an Actinomyces frequency of over 3% in users of IUDs, while non-users were free from the opportunistic invader. This frequency was higher with certain types of devices than with others. None of the patients with positive results had pelvic symptoms, but cases of serious infections have been reported in the literature. The length of IUD usage appears to be directly related to the incidence of this colonization. The possible pathogenesis of pelvic actinomycosis is presented; the clinical significance of asymptomatic colonization is discussed.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Copper-inhibition of the growth of oral streptococci and actinomyces.

Copper ions were found to inhibit the rate of growth in broth culture of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarious, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii. In all cases, 10(-3) M copper inhibited the rate of growth, whereas 10(-4) M and lower concentrations had little or no effect. At the concentrations used in mouthwashes one mode of action of copper ions is to reduce the rate of growth of oral bacteria in vitro.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1994

Isolation of Actinomyces species and Eikenella corrodens from patients with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis.

Cultures from 26 patients with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible were studied. In most cases there was a mutualistic infection involving any one of the known human Actinomyces species together with Eikenella corrodens. In a few cases, Arachnia species were substituted for Actinomyces and gram-negative anaerobes for E corrodens. The specific culture protocol used to identify these organisms from clinical specimens is described. Taxonomic and experimental evidence that supports an infectious etiology are presented.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1996

Colitis and lower abdominal mass by Actinomyces israelii in a patient with an IUD.

Abdominal actinomycosis is a rare disorder. The diagnosis is frequently missed preoperatively. We describe a patient who had had an intrauterine contraceptive device in situ for 5 years. She presented with a painful pelvicoabdominal mass, located between the uterus and rectum, and a colitis-like disease of the distal colon. Culture of the removed IUD demonstrated Actinomyces. She was intensively treated with intravenously penicillin for six weeks. Following this conservative treatment the abdominal tumor and the colitis-like symptoms totally disappeared. During two years follow-up she is free of symptoms and no signs of recurrence of the disease have been noticed. The case described here strongly underlines that Actinomyces infection should be born in mind in the differential diagnosis of a young female with an IUD, presenting with colitis, fever and an abdominal mass. Prolonged intravenously administered penicillin is warranted before surgery should be considered.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human infections with Actinomyces pyogenes (Corynebacterium pyogenes).

Actinomyces pyogenes (Corynebacterium pyogenes), a well-known pathogen in many animals, was isolated from 11 Danish patients since 1968. Bacteriologic characteristics and clinical pictures of the patients are described. Ability to hydrolyze gelatine, to produce beta-glucuronidase, to reach with antisera against group-G streptococci, and to produce acid from xylose differentiates A. pyogenes from Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, with which it has at times been confused. Actinomyces pyogenes is an established, but often misrecognized, human pathogen that should be better known to clinical microbiologists.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid isolation of DNA from Actinomyces.

DNA could not be quickly extracted from members of the genus Actinomyces by the usual methods of lysis. Treatment of 7 different actinomyces cells with lysozyme and achromopeptidase, both 5 mg/g wet cells, for 2 h, followed by SDS (0.2%), proteinase K (5 mg/g wet cells) and EDTA (lmM) for 1 h, lysed the cells. The yield obtained in one day was 337 micrograms per 200 mg of bacterial cells. The treatment was also found to work effectively on strains belonging to Veillonella, Staphylococcus, Fusobacterium and Bifidobacterium genera.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2005

Actinomyces viscosus endocarditis requiring aortic valve replacement.

We report a case of primary Actinomyces viscosus endocarditis, an unusual manifestation of actinomycosis, in a 43-year-old farmer with an indolent febrile illness. As has occurred in previous cases, diagnosis was delayed in part because blood isolates were misidentified. Months later when she required aortic valve and root replacement, histologic exam of the diseased valve revealed branching filamentous organisms and the original blood isolates were retrospectively confirmed to be Actinomyces viscosus.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1996

Saliva mediated adherence, aggregation and prevalence in dental plaque of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces spp, in young and elderly humans.

Salivary components in the pellicle mediate bacterial adherence to the tooth. Such components may also aggregate bacteria in saliva and prevent them becoming established in dental plaque. In the present study, the adherence and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans strain Ingbritt, S. sanguis strain 10556 and Actinomyces viscosus-strain 19246 mediated by parotid and whole saliva from groups of young and elderly people were examined. Significant differences were found between test strains, salivary secretions and age groups. S. sanguis 10556 and A. viscosus 19246 generally adhered more strongly than S. mutans Ingbritt, which adhered better to pellicles from parotid saliva than from whole saliva Strain 19246 bound in higher numbers to parotid saliva pellicles from elderly compared to young individuals. Strain 10556 adhered better to whole saliva than parotid saliva pellicles, and the difference was significant among the young individuals, indicating reduced adherence ability in elderly whole saliva. The streptococci were aggregated by parotid and whole saliva, and S. sanguis aggregation was less with whole saliva from the elderly than from the young participants. Besides a correlation between whole saliva aggregation of S. mutans and proportions of bacteria in plaque, no correlations were found for the individual binding properties of saliva and prevalence of bacteria in vivo. However, the level of saliva-mediated adherence in vitro was in the following order: S. mutans. Actinomyces S sanguis, which corresponded to their isolation frequency in plaque. These findings emphasize the importance of initial adherence to salivary receptors in bacterial colonization on teeth. Further studies are needed to reveal if individual patterns in the in vitro binding characteristics of saliva lead to variation of colonization in vivo.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1987

Actinomycosis of the gallbladder due to Actinomyces naeslundii.

We report two cases of actinomycosis of the gallbladder due to Actinomyces naeslundii. Both patients presented with acute cholecystitis. After cholecystectomy with the removal of gallstones each patient made an uneventful recovery. The literature on cholecystitis due to Actinomyces is reviewed.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1999

Automatic enumeration of adherent streptococci or actinomyces on dental alloy by fluorescence image analysis.

The aim of the present study was to develop an automated image analysis method to quantify adherence of Streptococcus sanguinis or Actinomyces viscosus on surfaces of a currently used dental alloy. Counting such bacterial strains was difficult because of their arrangement, thus S. sanguinis being a coccus arranged in chains or pairs, and A. viscosus a long complexly arranged polymorph rod. Direct counting of fluorescently stained adherent bacteria was done visually and with image analysis methods. To differentiate these two morphotypes, two programs were developed: (i) for streptococci, thresholding and selection of the object maxima, and (ii) for actinomyces, two step thresholding and processing of the characteristic points of the object skeletons. The triplicate enumerations for each bacterial strain were not significantly different (p > 0.005) and correlations between visual counting and automated counting were significant (r = 0.91 for S. sanguinis and r = 0.99 for A. viscosus, p <00.0001). These rapid and reproducible methods, allowed us to count either cocci or rods, adherent on an inert substratum, in high density conditions.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1999

Actinomyces viscosus postoperative endophthalmitis.

Endophthalmitis, attributable to Actinomyces viscosus, developed in a 78-year-old man after cataract surgery. Postoperative endophthalmitis with this organism is a rare occurrence. This report emphasizes the importance of the Actinomyces species as potential eye pathogens and presents antimicrobial susceptibility data for the isolate.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed2002

Septic arthritis due to Actinomyces naeslundii: report of a case.

In a man with osteoarthritis of the knee, Actinomyces naeslundii septic arthritis developed after intra-articular injection of hyaluronate. Actinomyces is an anaerobic Gram-positive rod. The outcome was favorable after treatment with two antibiotics and arthroscopy. The nature of the organism and its location to a joint are unusual features of this case, which illustrates the need to search for a septic complication before accepting a diagnosis of inflammation related to hyaluronate injection.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2000

Catalase-negative Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii isolated from an infected mammary prosthesis.

In this case report a catalase-negative strain of Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii is described as the possible causative agent of an infected mammary prosthesis. DNA hybridization studies and 16S rRNA analysis confirmed that the strain belongs to the species Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii. Since this strain is the first A. neuii subsp. neuii strain reported to be catalase negative, the catalase reaction should no longer be considered a key reaction for the diagnosis of this species but must be interpreted in conjunction with other characteristics.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1999

Effects of pH on the glucose and lactate metabolisms by the washed cells of Actinomyces naeslundii under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.

Effects of pH on the glucose and lactate metabolism by the washed cells of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 under anaerobic and aerobic conditions were studied. The rate of acid production from glucose was the highest at pH 7.0 and decreased as the pH lowered to 4.5, irrespective of atmospheric conditions. The anaerobic end-product in the absence of bicarbonate was mainly lactate, while in the presence of bicarbonate the rate of acid production increased 1.8-2.5 times with the production of formate, acetate and succinate in addition to lactate. Under aerobic conditions, the cells produced acids from glucose along with oxygen consumption and the end-product was mainly acetate. In contrast to the glucose metabilism, the cells produced base from lactate along with oxygen consumption. The rates of base production and oxygen consumption were the highest at pH 5.5. The end-products from lactate were acetate and pyruvate. These results indicate that oral actinomyces has a various activity of glucose and lactate metabolism at a wide range of environmental pH and suggest its flexibility in surviving in dental plaque, where the environmental factors fluctuate.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2006

Severe Actinomyces israelii infection involving the entire spinal cord.

A case of severe spinal infection with Actinomyces israelii is presented. A 38-y-old male was admitted with symptoms of infection and neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive affection involving the entire spinal cord. Cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed Actinomyces israelii. The patient was treated with long term penicillin G followed by amoxicillin. The patient recovered with severe neurological sequelae.

Actinomyces↗