Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “total RNA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Expression of NASG gene and its role in human nasopharyngeal homogenous tissue cells.

BACKGROUND: The NASG gene has been confirmed as a tumor-suppressor gene candidate related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by previous studies. We further investigated the expression and the role of NASG in the homogeneous tissue cells by microdissecting the samples of tissue from human NPC, and introduced a new way to study the expression of specific genes in tumor tissue. METHODS: The RNAlater reagent was used to preserve the samples of tissue from the nasopharynx of NPC patients. The samples were microdissected to harvest the homogeneous tissue cells and then total RNA was isolated from them. The antisense RNA (aRNA) was amplified from the total RNA by "in vitro transcription (IVT)". We investigated NASG expression in the homogeneous tumor cells of NPC (22 samples) and compared it with that in the pure epithelial pillar cells of normal nasopharyngeal (10 samples) by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR). RESULTS: The high quality total RNA could be harvested from the microdissected homogeneous tissue cells of the nasopharynx, then sufficient aRNA was derived from it. NASG gene expression was identified using aRNA by sqRT-PCR and showed that there was significant difference between the average value of case groups and that of control group (t = -5.275, df = 30, P < 0.001). The NASG gene in the subgroups WHOII tended to express lower levels than those in the subgroup WHOIII although this difference was not statistically significant (t = -1.584, df = 20, P = 0.129 > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Microdissection was an effective method to obtain the homogeneous tissue cells of nasopharyngeal tissue (including the samples of NPC and non-NPC) in our study. Sufficient aRNA from amplifying total RNA could be used in sqRT-PCR to analyse the expression of NASG in the pure tissue cells. NASG should be a tumor-suppression gene candidate regarding to NPC.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Differential regulation of mRNA specific for beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors in human failing hearts. Evaluation of the absolute cardiac mRNA levels by two independent methods.

In human heart failure beta-adrenergic receptors are downregulated which contributes to the reduced responsiveness to positive inotropic beta-agonists in the diseased heart. The present study addressed the question whether the number of beta-adrenergic receptors in the failing human heart is regulated at the level of the mRNA and whether the absolute steady-state levels of subtype-specific mRNAs mirror the expression of receptor-subtype proteins in human heart. In a collaborative effort, two different and independent methods, performed in two independent laboratories, reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assays, were used to determine the absolute steady-state levels of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor mRNAs in control (NF) and in failing human hearts. As determined by quantitative RT-PCR the beta 1-mRNA was significantly reduced from 0.98 +/- 0.12 (n = 10) to 0.49 +/- 0.11 pg/microgram total RNA in dilated cardiomyopathy (dCMP, n = 7) and to 0.40 +/- 0.11 pg/microgram total RNA in ischemic cardiomyopathy (iCMP, n = 8). The steady-state levels of mRNA specific for beta 2-adrenergic receptors also tended to be decreased but without reaching significance (NF: 0.16 +/- 0.05, dCMP: 0.11 +/- 0.03, iCMP: 0.13 +/- 0.04 pg/microgram total RNA). RNase protection assays revealed similar values. beta 1-mRNA was found to be significantly reduced from 1.22 +/- 0.22 in NF (n = 10) to 0.63 +/- 0.14 pg/microgram total RNA in dCMP (n = 5) and to 0.52 +/- 0.1 pg/microgram total RNA in iCMP (n = 8). The beta 2-mRNA also tended to be lower in dCMP and in iCMP as compared to NF but again without reaching significance (NF: 0.14 +/- 0.02, dCMP: 0.099 +/- 0.02, iCMP 0.107 +/- 0.02 pg/microgram total RNA). This is the first study to demonstrate in parallel by two different methods performed independently in two laboratories that the ratio of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor densities in the left ventricle of the normal human heart of about 80/20 is closely related to the absolute steady state concentrations of their specific mRNA. In addition, the magnitude of the decrease in mRNA-levels of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the failing human heart closely correlates with the decrease of the respective receptor proteins. These data suggest that the predominant regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors occurs at the mRNA level.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Changes in amount and synthesis of poly(A)- and poly(A)+ RNA in growing and resting cultures of Tetrahymena.

This investigation deals both qualitatively and quantitatively with the changes of RNA content and synthesis during the culture growth cycle of Tetrahymena. Affinity chromatography with an oligo(dT) column was used to separate poly(A)+ RNA from total RNA. The rates of synthesis of poly(A)- and poly(A)+ RNA were determined in terms of the incorporation of [5-3H]uridine. During the log phase, the cellular RNA and protein contents decreased steadily, whereas during the resting stage, both were constant. The extents of decrease of both fractions of RNA were essentially the same (54.4% and 50.6% for total and poly(A)+ RNA, respectively). Therefore, the relative contents of poly(A)+ RNA was constant from the beginning of the log to the resting stage (4.58%). The decrease in protein content, however, amounted to only 24.8%. Theoretically, a change in the age distribution during culture growth would cause a lower content of both fractions of RNA. The extents of the decrease in the rate of synthesis of both fractions were the same (75% and 79% for poly(A)- and poly(A)+ RNA, respectively). However, this reduction is so large that it cannot be solely the result of a shift of the age distribution of the cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cuprolinic Blue: a specific dye for single-stranded RNA in the presence of magnesium chloride. II. Practical applications for light microscopy.

The application of the new nucleic acid dye Cuprolinic Blue to cell smears and tissue sections has been described. Without added cations, Cuprolinic Blue stains both DNA and RNA, whereas in the presence of 1 M MgCl2, Cuprolinic Blue specifically stains single-stranded RNA only. The total RNA can be stained after removal of DNA by DNAase digestion. Fixation in a modified Carnoy solution gave optimal staining results in all cases tested. By cytophotometry, a reliable and reproducible relative estimate can be obtained of the total nucleic acid content, the total RNA content and the amount of single-stranded RNA alone per cell.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

An improved reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of two cherry flexiviruses in Prunus spp.

A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was developed to detect Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) in woody indicators and naturally infected Prunus spp. Viral RNA suitable for RT-PCR was obtained by a simple trapping method that did not require either extraction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or total RNA, availability of virus antibodies, or purification of viral particles. Consensus primers, degenerate primers and virus-specific primers, whose designs were based on alignments of available cherry flexivirus sequences, were tested to amplify viral genomic fragments of six CGRMV isolates and one CNRMV isolate. RT-PCR allowed CGRMV detection in total RNA and viral RNA preparations equivalent to 400mug and 4mug of infected leaf tissue, respectively. CGRMV was detected in tender shoots, leaves, bark and root tips, and the strongest bands were obtained using young leaves. Detection was less consistent in summer when the temperature was elevated and plant tissues were old. A direct comparison of the RT-PCR and grafting assays indicated that the RT-PCR assay is sensitive, rapid and reliable. The method will improve the routine diagnosis of cherry flexiviruses in Prunus spp.

Capsid Proteins↗
PubMed1997

Quantification of c-erbB-2 gene expression in breast cancer by competitive RT-PCR.

We adapted competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for quantitative evaluation of c-erbB-2 expression in breast cancer. A fixed amount of cDNA target was coamplified with dilutions of a nonhomologous DNA sequence used as an internal standard (IS). The IS and the target shared the same primer sequences but yielded PCR products of different sizes (348 and 340 bp, respectively). A fluorescent sense primer was used so that the PCR products separated on denaturing polyacrylamide gels could be quantified with an automated DNA sequencer. In human breast cancer cell lines, c-erbB-2 expression was found to range from 0.151 to 652 zmol/microgram total RNA (i.e., 91 to 391,200 molecules/microgram total RNA; 1 zmol = 10(-3) amol), with the two highest values corresponding to the c-erbB-2 overexpressing cell lines MDA-MB-453 and SK-BR-3. In a series of 39 breast cancer biopsies, the concentrations ranged from 0.117 zmol/micrograms to 1.15 amol/microgram total RNA (i.e., 70 to 690,000 molecules/microgram total RNA). The c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (p185) was determined in 30 samples by an enzyme immunoassay. A close correlation was found between c-erbB-2 gene and oncoprotein expression (P = 0.0067). Thus, this competitive RT-PCR method appears to be a reliable way to evaluate the expression of c-erbB-2 in small tumor samples.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Mitochondrial RNA abundance in differentiating human colonic epithelial tumor cells estimated through use of a mitochondrial genome map.

We describe a procedure for quantification of mitochondrial (mt) RNA present in total RNA extracts of HT-29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells grown under conditions for rapid growth (25 mM glucose) or differentiation (25 mM trehalose or 5 mM butyrate). Purified mt DNA was fragmented into specific coding regions using restriction endonuclease sites predicted from HeLa cell mt DNA sequence and probed with either 32P-labelled mt DNA or cDNA made from total RNA of HT-29 or HeLa cells. The amounts of probe that hybridized to various gene-encoded mt DNA fragments or RNA were quantified by laser densitometry. Use of 13 restriction endonucleases revealed that most if not all the mt DNA of HT-29 and K562 leukemic cells was comparable in size to that of HeLa cells. Relative levels of mt RNA from rapidly growing HT-29 and HeLa cells were lower than those measured for differentiated HT-29 cells induced by either trehalose or butyrate. In rapidly growing HT-29 cells and HeLa cells, the highest levels of specific mt RNAs were those encoded by mt DNA sequences immediately flanking the nested promoters and the heavy-strand replication origin (OH). Expression patterns of specific mt RNAs from HT-29 cells treated with butyrate and with trehalose were similar, but not identical. In either case, the mt RNAs that increased the most were those coded by mt DNA sequences located downstream from the light-strand replication origin (OL), suggesting a novel pattern of expression not seen before.

Butyrates↗
PubMed2002

[Induction of CuZn-SOD mRNA expression and activity by PGMS in rat liver].

AIM: To study the effect of propylene glycol mannate sulfate (PGMS) on induction of CuZn-SOD. METHODS: Wistar rats were given PGMS p.o. at different doses (0, 18.9, 37.8 and 75.6 mg.kg-1.d) for ten days. Then the rats were sacrificed and the total RNA was extracted from the livers. The total RNA samples were loaded on a 1% agarose gel to detect the quality of total RNA. RT-PCR was applied to study the expression of CuZn-SOD mRNA in rat livers. The amplified products were detected by the 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Simultaneously, the CuZn-SOD activities in rat liver were determined by nitrite method. RESULTS: The total RNA extracted from rat livers was integrated without being decomposed by RNase. The level of CuZn-SOD mRNA of the high-dosage group (75.6 mg.kg-1.d) was higher than that of the control group (0 mg.kg-1.d) (P < 0.01); the CuZn-SOD activities of the high-dosage group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001) and the CuZn-SOD activities of the middle- (37.8 mg.kg-1.d) and low-dosage groups (18.9 mg.kg-1.d) were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: PGMS can increase the CuZn-SOD activities as well as CuZn-SOD on mRNA level. Therefore, it is possible for PGMS to counteract Atherosclerosis (AS) by inducing the expression of CuZn-SOD.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Human cardiomyocytes express high level of Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1).

We have quantitatively measured gene expression for the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1 and SGLT2) in 23 human tissues using the method of real time PCR. As predicted, our results revealed that the expression of SGLT1 was very high in the small intestine (1.2E + 6 molecules/microg total RNA) relative to that in the kidney (3E + 4 molecules/microg total RNA). Surprisingly, we observed that the expression of SGLT1 in human heart was unexpectedly high (3.4E + 5 molecules/microg total RNA), approximately 10-fold higher than that observed in kidney tissue. DNA sequencing confirmed that the PCR amplified fragment was indeed the human SGLT1 gene. Moreover, in situ hybridization studies using a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled antisense cRNA probe corresponding to human SGLT1 cDNA confirm that human cardiomyocytes express SGLT1 mRNA. In contrast, the expression of SGLT2 in human tissues appears to be ubiquitous, with levels ranging from 6.7E + 4 molecules/microg total RNA (in skeletal muscle) to 3.2E + 6 molecules/microg total RNA (in kidney), levels 10-100-fold higher than the expression of SGLT1 in the same tissues. Our finding that human cardiomyocytes express high levels of SGLT1 RNA suggests that SGLT1 may have a functional role in cardiac glucose transport. Since several SGLT inhibitors are currently in development as potential anti-diabetic agents, it may be important to assess the functional consequences of inhibition of SGLT1 in the heart.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Reduction of glutamine synthetase mRNA in hypertrophied skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle glutamine synthetase (GS) expression is reduced by endurance exercise and is increased when normal innervation is interrupted. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether GS expression is downregulated by the increased contractile activity associated with functional overload. Plantaris muscles overloaded for 30 days by synergist ablation were 70% heavier than those in sham-operated and unoperated control muscles. GS mRNA levels from hypertrophied muscles, measured by Northern and dot-blot hybridization, were reduced to 30% of controls. Changes in total RNA concentration and the proportion of poly(A)+ RNA in the total RNA pool did not account for the decline in GS mRNA. Despite reduced levels of GS mRNA, GS enzyme activity (nmol.h-1.mg protein-1) was unchanged in the hypertrophied muscles (overload, 79 +/- 5; control, 82 +/- 4). To further examine the lack of relationship between GS mRNA and enzyme activity, the concentration of glutamine, a known posttranslational modifier of GS activity, was measured. Consistent with the observed enzyme activities, muscle glutamine was unchanged in hypertrophied muscle (overload, 6.2 +/- 0.3; control, 5.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/g tissue). These results suggest that translational or posttranslational regulation, other than through alterations in glutamine concentration. may play a role in maintaining GS enzyme levels in hypertrophied muscle. Moreover, the regulation of GS activity in muscle hypertrophy may differ from the regulation with endurance training, in which changes in enzyme activity parallel changes in mRNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

c-myc expression in the thyroid. II: Thyrocytes and peripheral and intrathyroidal lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.

Enhanced oncogene expression observed in lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has suggested the importance of studying oncogene expression and regulation in the cellular events of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The present study examines oncogene expression in peripheral and intrathyroidal lymphocytes from patients with Hashimoto's disease (HD) and Graves' disease (GD). Intrathyroidal lymphocytes from a patient with primary thyroid lymphoma were also examined. Lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradients, and total RNA was prepared by extraction with guanididium thiocyanate and ultracentrifugation through a cesium chloride cushion. RNA concentrations were determined by O.D. readings at 260/280 nm and each sample subjected to gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining to assure the integrity of the RNA. 30 micrograms total RNA was size fractionated on a 1% (w/v) agarose/formaldehyde gel and transferred to nylon membranes. These membranes were hybridized with nick-translated 32P labelled c-myc DNA (exon III), washed at high stringency and subjected to autoradiography. Specific bands were quantitated by scanning densitometry. Five RNA samples from GD thyroids had 2.4 Kb bands corresponding to c-myc with a mean O.D. (+/- SD) of 0.76 +/- 0.23, whereas 7 from normal thyroid glands had mean O.D. of 1.0 +/- 0.26. Peripheral lymphocytes from 7 GD patients had a mean O.D. of 1.41 +/- 0.25, 4 HD patients had a mean O.D. of 1.05 +/- 0.10 and 2 normal patients had a mean O.D. of 1.4 +/- 0.14. The readings for a sample obtained from intrathyroidal lymphocytes of a patient with HD and thyroid lymphoma were 1.0 and 1.4, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Presence of angiotensinogen messenger RNA in various cultured cell lines.

The presence of angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) was assessed in total RNA extracted from hepatoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, and glioma-neuroblastoma hybrid cell lines. Total RNA from 1 X 10(7) cells was extracted, transferred to a membrane, and hybridized with a 32P-labeled, full-length (1650-base pair) rat angiotensinogen complementary DNA (cDNA). Angiotensinogen RNA sequences could be definitively detected only in hepatoma cells. Steroids were used in an attempt to increase the angiotensinogen mRNA level. Dexamethasone (2 X 10(-6) M) or 17 beta-estradiol (1 X 10(-7) M) was added to the cultures 18 to 24 hours prior to harvest. Dexamethasone treatment of the hepatoma cells resulted in a large increase in angiotensinogen mRNA, whereas estradiol had no effect. Steroids failed to induce detectable levels of angiotensinogen mRNA in total RNA from the other cell lines. That the RNA was intact was ensured by hybridizing duplicate Northern blots to a 32P-labeled actin cDNA. Actin mRNA sequences were detected in all cell lines. Blot hybridization of poly(A)+RNA resulted in the visualization of a weak angiotensinogen mRNA signal for a glioma cell line and a glioma-neuroblastoma hybrid line. However, the ability to detect angiotensinogen mRNA in a cell may depend on the phenotype expressed, which can be governed by culture conditions.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed1982

Control of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli after a shift to higher temperature.

Parameters of RNA synthesis were measured after a temperature upshift in a pair of Escherichia coli B/r strains that are isogenic except for having relA and relA+ loci, to examine the cause for a reported anomaly in the correlation between guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and stable RNA (rRNA, tRNA) synthesis under such conditions. Two main results were: (i) the specific stable RNA gene activity (stable RNA per total RNA synthesis) correlated in the conventionally expected fashion with the level of ppGpp but was obscured by a nonspecific increase in the RNA chain elongation rate due to the higher temperature; (ii) the temperature upshift caused a transient reduction in the RNA polymerase activity (transcribing per total enzyme) that accounts for the previously observed oscillating RNA synthesis rate after a temperature shift.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct nucleotide sequencing using total cellular RNA from dengue-virus-infected mosquito cells.

In recent years, a large amount of nucleotide sequence data for dengue viruses has been published. Most of it was derived by sequencing cDNA synthesized from highly purified genomic viral RNA. This paper presents a simple and rapid method for the isolation of total RNA from mosquito cells infected with dengue viruses. This RNA can be used for direct nucleotide sequencing with specific primers without the need for further purification.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Differential regulation of peripherin and neurofilament gene expression in regenerating rat DRG neurons.

Quantitative in situ hybridization and RNA blotting methods were used to define the time course and magnitude of changes in expression of mRNAs encoding peripherin and the neurofilament (NF) triplet proteins in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons during axonal regeneration. mRNA levels in adult rat L4 and L5 DRGs were examined in autoradiograms after in situ hybridization with specific 35S-labeled cDNA probes 1-56 days following unilateral crush lesions of the sciatic nerve. The results of quantitative analyses indicated that peripherin mRNA levels were significantly increased in large-sized (greater than 1000 microns 2) DRG neurons at 7, 14, and 28 days after axotomy while the mRNA levels for each of the NF triplet proteins were significantly decreased at these same time points. The mRNA levels of the low (NF-L) and middle (NF-M) sized NF subunits were significantly decreased as early as 1 day postaxotomy but the mRNA level of the large NF subunit (NF-H) did not change until 7 days after axotomy. The maximal reduction in NF mRNA levels was observed at 14 days postaxotomy when NF-L mRNA levels were only 35% of those in large-sized, normal control neurons. Recovery toward normal levels of both NF and peripherin mRNAs was observed at 8 weeks postaxotomy. RNA blot analyses with total RNA obtained from DRGs at different postaxotomy times confirmed that NF-L mRNA levels were reduced in the DRG during the first 4 weeks after axotomy but, interestingly, failed to detect an increase in peripherin mRNA levels. This difference concerning peripherin mRNA levels in axotomized preparations obtained by RNA blotting vs. in situ hybridization was attributed to the fact that RNA blots utilized total DRG RNA which includes mRNAs from both small and large-sized DRG neurons. A recent in situ hybridization study showed that the small-sized DRG neurons which contain the majority of the peripherin mRNA in the DRG do not increase their peripherin mRNA levels 14 days after axotomy (Oblinger et al., 1989b). This may mask any change in the large neuron response when total RNA is examined. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate (1) that type III (peripherin) and type IV (NF) intermediate filament genes are regulated differently during axonal regeneration, and (2) that the three NF genes are down-regulated in a fairly coordinate manner during regeneration. These data suggest that an important component of the regeneration program is the alteration of the composition of the IF component of the cytoskeleton.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Different RNA patterns of globin and non-globin 40S heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein complexes in chicken reticulocyte nuclei.

40s heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein complex (HnRNP) was isolated from chicken reticulocyte nuclei after digestion of RNA by the endogenous nuclease. The size of the total RNA and beta globin RNA was compared by agarose and high resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results show that size of the total RNA ranges between 20 to 650 bases and the most prominent sizes are between 20 and 70-80 bases. The size of the RNA increases at roughly 10 base intervals between 40 and 70 bases on an acrylamide gel. The size of the beta globin RNA is smaller (25-50 bases) than the total RNA and also the RNA pattern is considerably different from that of total RNA. This suggests that, although the overall structure of 40s HnRNP might be the same, there is significant differences in the interaction of globin RNA with HnRNP protein and that of non-globin RNA with HnRNP protein in chicken reticulocyte nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Recovery of total microbial RNA from lactic acid fermented foods with a high starch content.

An optimized procedure for the recovery of RNA from micro-organisms involved in the fermentation of starchy foods (mainly hard-to-lyse lactic acid bacteria) is reported. Critical steps for the extraction were: cell recovery by differential centrifugation; cell wall digestion with both mutanolysin and lysozyme; and CTAB treatment for the elimination of starch. Digestion of starch with alpha-amylase did not improve extraction yields. The method yielded high amounts of RNA from pozol, a Mexican maize-based fermented food, and was found to extract total RNA efficiently from all the micro-organisms potentially present in these ecosystems. Both rRNA and mRNA recovered were of high quality and suitable for hybridization studies.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The systemic toxicity of Prudhoe Bay Crude and other petroleum oils to CD-1 mice.

CD-1 mice were given oral doses of 0-16 ml/kg/day for five days of Prudhoe Bay (PBCO), South Louisiana and Arabian Light crude oils, Bunker C oil (BCO), mineral oil (MO) and corn oil. Minor decreases in packed cell volume and increases in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration occurred after ingestion of crude oils and BCO. Dietary depletion of vitamin E and selenium failed to enhance hematological changes. Pronounced liver enlargement and atrophy of thymus and spleen accompanied ingestion of all petroleum oils except MO and were shown to be dependent on dose of PBCO. Concentration of RNA and total RNA were increased while total DNA, but not concentration of DNA, was increased in enlarged livers. Liver enlargement was attributed primarily to hyperplasia with an additional contribution due to hypertrophy. The severe hemolytic anemia reported in marine birds that ingested PBCO was not reproduced in mice. Liver enlargement and lymphoid tissue atrophy were similar to those reported in other species exposed to petroleum oils.

Administration, Oral↗