Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “syncytialization”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Association of bovine respiratory syncytial virus with atypical interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle.

Thirty-three cattle with fatal respiratory tract disease were examined for gross and histologic lesions and for the presence of viral and bacterial agents in the lungs. Fifteen cattle had lesions characteristic of atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP), and 18 had other respiratory tract diseases, including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscess, and edema of the trachea. Gross necropsy findings in the cattle with AIP were uncollapsed and emphysematous lungs; histopathologic findings included interstitial edema, thickening of alveolar walls, hyaline membrane formation, and hyperplasia of type-II pneumonocytes. The infective agents found in the lungs of the 33 cattle included bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus type 1, Pasteurella sp, mycoplasmas, and Corynebacterium pyogenes. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus was detected by use of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase on lung tissue sections; bovine herpesvirus type 1 was detected by these techniques and by isolation of the virus. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus was significantly (P = 0.01) associated with lesions of AIP (11 of 15), compared with those of other respiratory tract diseases (5 of 18).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Failure to detect antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum.

Sera obtained from 147 bovine fetuses estimated to be between 120 and 270 days of gestation at an abattoir were tested for antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus was not detected in any of the sera examined. Based on the results of this study and a review of the literature, it appears that transplacental infection by bovine respiratory syncytial virus does not occur, or is uncommon.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The association between serological titers in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine virus diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, respiratory syncytial virus and treatment for respiratory disease in Ontario feedlot calves.

A seroepidemiological study of the association between antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, bovine virus diarrhea and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease was conducted. A total of 322 calves from five different groups were bled on arrival, then one month later all cases (cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease) were rebled together with an equal number of controls (cattle not treated for any disease). Titers to these viruses varied significantly from group to group. Based on seroconversion, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was active in 4.4%, bovine virus diarrhea virus in 24%, parainfluenza-3 virus in 69.5% and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in 71.3% of the cattle. Cattle with low titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and/or bovine respiratory syncytial viruses on arrival, were at increased risk of subsequent treatment for bovine respiratory disease. Treated cattle also had significantly greater increases to parainfluenza-3 and/or bovine virus diarrhea viruses than control calves. Treatment rates varied considerably from group to group and were not strongly correlated with weight gain in the postarrival period.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function during respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus infection has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in infants with underlying cardiac and pulmonary disease. To understand better the cardiopulmonary interaction in patients with acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, we performed M-mode echocardiograms and pulsed Doppler assessment of pulmonary arterial flow in 19 patients with structurally normal hearts during acute illness. Studies were repeated in 11 of these patients following complete recovery. Based on severity of respiratory compromise, patients were grouped into those with severe illness (ten patients) or mild illness (nine patients). Left ventricular dimensions and shortening fraction were used to assess left ventricular function. Right ventricular systolic time intervals and specific Doppler flow velocity measurements were used to assess right ventricular function and elevation of pulmonary artery pressure. Comparisons were made between patients with severe and mild illness and between acute and follow-up studies. No statistically significant differences in left ventricular function, right ventricular systolic time intervals, or Doppler flow measurements were observed. We conclude that in patients with structurally normal hearts, respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is not associated with significant depression of cardiac performance or elevation in pulmonary resistance.

Bronchiolitis, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Prediction of the duration of hospitalization in patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection: use of clinical parameters.

To assess the possibility that clinical data available at the time of hospital admission for patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection could predict the length of hospitalization without antiviral therapy, the charts of all 102 patients admitted with laboratory documented respiratory syncytial virus infection during 1982 to 1985 were reviewed. Two thirds (65) of the patients remained hospitalized greater than three days. Prolonged hospitalization could have been predicted for 40 of the 65 patients (61.5%) based on the need for intubation and ventilation on admission (14 patients) or the presence of underlying cardiac or respiratory disease (28 patients). Of the infants hospitalized when they were less than 2 months of age, 40% required intubation and mechanical ventilation, although only 16% had underlying cardiac or respiratory disease. Mechanical ventilation was required at the time of admission or subsequently for 14% (5/36) of the 2- to 4-month-old infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Among the 56 patients without underlying cardiac or respiratory disease who did not require intubation at the time of admission, 25 (45%) remained hospitalized longer than three days (mean hospital stay for these 25 patients, regardless of age, was six days). Neither the respiratory rate nor the presence or absence of fever on admission was useful in predicting the likelihood of a longer hospital stay for the patients who did not require intubation. In addition, none of the initial laboratory data, including the WBC count, the percentage of band forms or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the presence or absence of hypoxia, or the chest x-ray film findings could be correlated with a longer or shorter duration of hospitalization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Immunofluorescent demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves].

Specific high-titre bovine conjugated antisera were obtained against respiratory syncytial virus. Use was made of the reference strain Nomi and the local isolate Antonovo/448. The conjugates produced were shown to have equal qualities to those of the Belgian conjugate used for comparison. The anti-Antonovo/448 conjugated serum was used in the direct immunofluorescent method to demonstrate a respiratory syncytial virus antigen in organs of animals with acute respiratory diseases as well as to control the replication of the virus in cell cultures. An infection with a respiratory syncytial virus was demonstrated with the employment of the same test in 16 per cent of a total of 119 samples taken from diseased animals. In the inoculation of the diploid cell culture of lamb thyroid gland with strains of the virus a specific antigen was established at the forty-eighth to the seventy-second hour following infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical aspects of acute and chronic respiratory syncytial virus infection in adult polyclinic patients].

A total of 224 workers and employees engaged at the Smolensk flax spinning plant, suffering from acute respiratory diseases, were examined on an outpatient basis. Virus etiology of the diseases was established in 84 patients (37.7%) with the aid of the serological tests (HI and CF) and immunofluorescent techniques. Respiratory syncytial virus infection was diagnosed in 19 patients (8.5%). As regards the clinical picture the symptoms of intoxication were unmarked. Half the patients demonstrated moderate involvement of the upper respiratory tract which persisted for 7 days. Obstructive bronchitis was recognized in 8 out of the 19 patients. Subsequent dispensary follow up of the patients who suffered respiratory syncytial virus infection, including repeated serological and immunofluorescent studies, made it possible to reveal 2 cases with a chronic course of respiratory syncytial virus infection running in the form of bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in conventional calves: light microscopic lesions, microbiology, and studies on lavaged lung cells.

Conventionally raised male Holstein calves, 1 month of age, were infected by intranasal and intratracheal inoculation with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Viral antigen was identified by fluorescence microscopy most commonly in the cytoplasm of tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells 3 to 5 days after inoculation. Cytoplasmic viral antigen was identified also in nasal, nasopharyngeal, bronchiolar, and alveolar epithelial cells and in alveolar macrophages. Bronchitis and tracheitis, characterized in part by epithelial necrosis, formation of syncytial epithelial cells and epithelial hyperplasia, were the most common lesions observed histologically. Rhinitis, bronchiolitis, and interstitial pneumonia were observed less frequently. Alterations were not detected in the numbers of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage after inoculation. An increase in the phagocytic rate of latex beads occurred in macrophages 5 days after inoculation. Viral-induced lesions were resolved by 30 days after inoculation. The results indicated that bovine respiratory syncytial virus inoculation of calves results in reversible alterations in airway epithelial structure and in the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in Friesian calves: physiological findings.

Clinical, serological and physiological values were measured during and after naturally occurring respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in four Friesian calves weighing between 120 and 160 kg. Clinical and serological findings were in agreement with the description of spontaneous calf pneumonia, associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pulmonary function values, recorded one, eight, 15 and 57 days after the clinical onset of the disease, provided good evidence that the clinical syndrome associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in Friesian cattle is at first an acute obstructive disease which is progressively replaced by a moderate subclinical restrictive disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of bovine syncytial virus from mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle.

Bovine syncytial virus was isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of young dairy calves, beef cattle, and mature dairy cattle. Isolations were made in cocultures of lymph node specimens and bovine embryonic lung cells or by subpassage of cocultures in which cytopathic effects were not initially detected. The bovine syncytial viral isolates after storage at -65 C for 3 months in either infected cell cultures of supernate fluids from suspensions or sonically treated infected cell monolayers were usually recovered. Bovine syncytial virus also was recovered from cell cultures after storage for 6 months at -25 C.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serology for diagnosis and epizootiological studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections.

The complement fixation test (CFT) and the virus neutralisation test (VNT), performed as a plaque reduction test, were employed to measure antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. The CFT with bovine sera was performed with supplementation of the complement factors in fresh guinea pig serum by an adequate amount of Clq-factor of the bovine species. Kinetics of maternally derived antibodies and the antibody response after spontaneous and experimental infections and after intramuscular vaccination were studied by both tests. Patterns of development of complement fixing and virus neutralising antibodies were generally similar and titres equalled each other in the test systems that are described. However a VNT detected antibodies a few days earlier after an infection than a CFT and peak-levels reached after a naturally acquired infection decreased faster in a CFT than in a VNT: a mean decrease of 3.1 and 1.4 log2 units was found in 13 weeks respectively. Mean half-life of passive antibodies was 25 days in a VNT. An infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus could be diagnosed by serology, using a CFT on acute and convalescent serum samples of a number of animals in a group. Serology is preferable to virus isolation for routine diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections. Paired sera, collected at 14-day intervals and examined by CFT, are recommended for the diagnosis of the cause of respiratory disease. A VNT is preferable if low antibody levels are to be detected because non-specific reactions occur in a CFT at low serum dilutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the occurrence and significance of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Saskatchewan.

Seventy-six percent of 49 blood samples from Saskatchewan cattle had serum antibodies against bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Experimental infection of one week and seven month old calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (Iowa strain) caused transient fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and coughing but no macroscopic or microscopic lesions attributable to bovine respiratory syncytial virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clinical and pathological observations on spontaneous bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in calves.

A clinical, pathological and microbiological study was made of acute spontaneous bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves. Characteristic features were atelectatic areas, which had an exudative and, or, necrotising bronchiolitis with syncytial giant cells in the epithelial lining and in the lumina of these bronchioles. Restricted to these areas both bronchiolar and alveolar immunofluorescence for bovine respiratory syncytial virus were seen. Complications were severe interstitial oedema, interstitial emphysema and a catarrhal or fibrinous pneumonia due to secondary bacterial invasion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experimental infection of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (Quebec strain).

An experiment was designed to evaluate the clinical, haematological, viral and serological aspects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves. Eleven calves were inoculated intranasally with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (Quebec strain) in aerosol. Clinical, haemotological and serological responses of the calves and virus shedding were monitored. The experimentally infected animals manifested moderate to severe signs of respiratory disease. The parameters used to evaluate the severity of the disease included ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, lung sounds, nasal discharge, pyrexia and leukopenia. The animals were scored accordingly (scale infected 70.8-148.5, control 22-29.3). Highest disease scores were observed between day 6-9 after infection. Virological and serological assessment demonstrated that the observed clinical picture was due to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus gene deletion mutants in African green monkeys for their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates.

Towards the goal of developing live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines to prevent severe respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus, recombinant RSV containing a deletion of single or multiple NS1, NS2, SH and M2-2 genes have been generated. In this study, recombinants, rA2DeltaM2-2, rA2DeltaNS2, rA2DeltaNS1NS2, rA2DeltaSHNS2, rA2DeltaM2-2NS2 were evaluated in African green monkeys (AGMs) for their infectivity, immunogenicity and protection against wild type (wt) RSV challenge. Replication of rA2DeltaNS2 and rA2DeltaSHNS2 was not attenuated in either the upper or the lower respiratory tracts of AGMs. On the other hands, rA2DeltaNS1NS2 was over-attenuated; it did not replicate in the respiratory tracts of the infected monkeys and did not provide sufficient protection against wild type RSV challenge. rA2DeltaM2-2NS2 was slightly more attenuated than rA2DeltaM2-2 and provided partial protection against wt RSV challenge. rA2DeltaM2-2, and possibly rA2DeltaM2-2NS2, exhibited the attenuated but protective phenotypes in the monkeys that could be further evaluated as potential live attenuated RSV vaccine candidates in the clinical studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Sequence conservation in the attachment glycoprotein and antigenic diversity among bovine respiratory syncytial virus isolates.

Partial nucleotide sequences were determined from the coding regions of the attachment glycoprotein (G) mRNAS of eight isolates of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). The antigenic characteristics of 18 field and reference isolates were analyzed using the reactivity patterns of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and BRSV G. fusion protein (F), nucleoprotein (N), and phosphoprotein (P), by radioimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. The MAb reaction patterns demonstrated some random antigenic differences among the isolates, but for the most part were cross-reactive to the viral protein epitopes, especially on the F protein. Structural differences in the F and P proteins were observed among BRSV isolates; the P protein migrated at three different apparent molecular weights on PAGE gels. Antigenic and structural variation occurs among isolates, however, the structural differences in the P protein did not correlate with the antigenic differences among the F, N and P proteins. The G mRNA nucleotide sequence identities were high, ranging from 94.1 to 99.9%, and the predicted amino acid sequence identities ranged from 89.9 to 99.6%. Variance was due to substitution point mutations. The G protein ectodomains contained areas of sequence divergence flanking a highly conserved region, with four cysteine residues, which is analogous to the putative HRSV receptor binding domain. The high sequence and amino acid identities and random antigenic diversity among the isolates indicates that the BRSV isolates analyzed belong in a monophyletic group.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

A bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain with mutations in subgroup-specific antigenic domains of the G protein induces partial heterologous protection in cattle.

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) strains are tentatively divided in subgroups A, AB and B, based on antigenic differences of the G protein. A Dutch BRSV strain (Waiboerhoeve: WBH), could not be assigned to one of the subgroups, because the strain did not react with any monoclonal antibody against the G protein. We describe here that the WBH strain has accumulated critical mutations in subgroup-specific domains of the G protein gene, which also occur but then independently in G protein genes of BRSV subgroup A or B strains. Although the comparison of nucleotide residues 256-792 of the G gene of the WBH strain with those of subgroup A and B strains showed that the G gene of the WBH strain is different from that of BRSV subgroup A and B strains, the sequence divergence was not more than observed within the G genes of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A or B strains. The WBH strain did not induce severe disease after experimental infection of calves, and induced partial protection against a heterologous challenge. Despite the dissimilarity of the conserved central regions of the G protein of the WBH strain and that of the challenge strain, a secondary antibody response against this region was induced in WBH-infected calves after challenge. We conclude that complete BRSV virus can partially protect against a BRSV infection with a strain that contains an antigenic dissimilar G protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults: from infection to outcomes - who gets sick, who gets hospitalized, who survives?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a virus responsible for acute respiratory infections and is widely recognized as a major pathogen in the paediatric population. Thus, the burden of RSV in the adult population remains poorly understood, as epidemiological studies mainly rely on PMSI (Medicalization of Information Systems Program) data, which are coded for economic purposes, and because many adults RSV infections remain underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of RSV infections in elderly population across four university hospitals in north-western France during the 2022-2023 epidemic season. This retrospective cohort included all patients aged 60 years and older who tested positive for RSV between September 1st, 2022, and January 31st, 2023, in four university hospitals. Viral detection was performed using molecular assays on respiratory samples. Clinical, demographic, biological, and coding data were collected from medical records and hospital information systems. Outcomes included need for oxygen therapy, intensive care admission, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, readmission within 90 days for a respiratory or cardiac reason, and changes in living arrangements. Statistical analyses used descriptive methods and standard tests for comparisons. A total of 647 patients were included. The mean age was 77.8 years, and most patients had at least one chronic medical condition, primarily respiratory or cardiac. 508 (78.5%) patients were hospitalized. The mean hospital stay was 16.2 days, and oxygen therapy was required in 68.3% of cases. In-hospital mortality reached 11.0%. Among survivors, 38.0% were readmitted within 90 days for a respiratory or cardiac reason. A notable proportion of patients experienced a loss of autonomy leading to institutional placement at discharge. RSV was coded in the PMSI database as a diagnosis in approximately two-thirds of hospitalizations, with substantial variations between centers. RSV infection in older adults was associated with significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and a frequent decline in functional status. The study also identified heterogeneity in coding practices and emphasized limitations of PMSI data for capturing respiratory syncytial virus burden. These findings support the need for expanded screening, along with targeted preventive strategies and structured post-discharge follow-up to reduce the long-term burden of RSV in older populations.

Humans↗