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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Isometric pull and push strengths of paraplegics in the workspace: 2. Statistical analysis of spatial factors.

The effect of reach levels, horizontal angles, and vertical angles on isometric pull and push strengths of male and female was determined. Highly significant increases in men's push strength were found between extreme to maximum reaches, and from extreme to normal reaches. However, for women's push strength, a significant increase was found only between extreme to maximum reach. Significant or highly significant increases were found in men's and women's pull strength between the horizontal angle (theta) sagittal through the active shoulder (90 degrees ) and other angles (0, 45, and 135 degrees ). However, for men's push strength, highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angle 45 degrees from the frontal plane, and other angles. For women's push strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angles 0 degrees and angles of 90 and 135 degrees. For men's and women's pull strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the vertical angle (phi), 90 degrees, and other angles (-20, 0, and 45 degrees ). Similar increases were found for women's push strength between the 45 degrees angle and other angles. In the design of a workstation for paraplegics that requires pull and push forces, consideration must be given to the spatial factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Spatial-temporal analysis of mobility over the adult age range using the Postural-Locomotor-Manual Test.

BACKGROUND: Mobility measurements were performed on healthy adult subjects to investigate changes over the adult age range and to obtain reference values. METHODS: Ninety-five males (19-90 years, mean 58.2) and 122 females (19-90 years, mean 51.8) were measured using the commercially available Postural-Locomotor-Manual Test (PLM-test). Subjects are required to perform a standard maneuver that is recorded using an optoelectronic technique. RESULTS: Older subjects carried out all phases of the maneuver more slowly than younger subjects. At about the age of 50 years, females showed a more rapid slowing down. Males showed a more gradual decrease over the adult age range. CONCLUSION: The PLM-test provides a fairly simple noninvasive method of assessing motor performance. However, it is important to separate male and female data in the determination of reference values.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Alcohol consumption and injury in Western Australia: a spatial correlation analysis using geographic information systems.

Geographic information systems technology was used to describe, in geographical terms, the nature and strength of the relationship in Western Australia between alcohol consumption and the rates of related injury: night-time assaults (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.); minor night-time road crashes (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.), weighted by traffic density; and hospital E-code (external-cause) morbidity, weighted by alcohol aetiologic fractions. The data were aggregated by five conventional state regions: northern, central, western, southern and Perth metropolitan. There was a general association, of equal significance for males and females, between estimated per capita alcohol consumption and the selected rates of injury in the five regions. However, the nature and strength of association between alcohol consumption and individual injury measures varied. Night-time assaults and hospital E-code morbidity were strongly, associated with consumption. Minor night-time crashes had only a weak association. The variation in the relationship between alcohol consumption and injury suggests that prevention strategies need to take into account the particular drinking patterns and associated harm that occur in different regions of the state, and to develop a range of targeted responses. High rates of consumption and injury in most country areas support the need for greater regional prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Near-infrared study of fluctuations in cerebral hemodynamics during rest and motor stimulation: temporal analysis and spatial mapping.

We have noninvasively studied the motor cortex hemodynamics in human subjects under rest and motor stimulation conditions using a multichannel near-infrared tissue spectrometer. Our instrument measures optical maps of the cerebral cortex at two wavelengths (758 and 830 nm), with an acquisition time of 160 ms per map. We obtained optical maps of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration changes in terms of amplitudes of folding average, power spectrum and coherence at the stimulation repetition frequency, and the phase synchronization index. Under periodic motor stimulation conditions, we observed coherence and frequency or phase synchronization of the local hemodynamic changes with stimulation. Our main findings are the following: (1) The amplitude of the hemodynamic response to the motor stimulation is comparable to the amplitude of the fluctuations at rest. (2) The spatial patterns of the oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin responses to the stimulation are different. (3) The hemodynamic response to stimulation shows a spatial localization and a level of phase synchronization with the motor stimulation that depends on the stimulation period.

Adult↗