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PubMed2005

Passive immunization by lactobacilli expressing single-chain antibodies against Streptococcus mutans.

We compared the anticariogenic effect of lactobacilli expressing a single-chain antibody (scFv) against the SA I/II adhesin of Streptococcus mutans under the control of an inducible or a constitutive promoter. Both lactobacilli expressed equal amounts of scFv and agglutinated S. mutans bacteria expressing SA I/II to a similar level. In a rat caries model, transformed lactobacilli could be detected in the oral cavity throughout the duration of the study. Transformants containing the constitutive promoter were slightly more protective than those containing the inducible promoter suggesting that continuous in situ production of scFv in the oral cavity may be therapeutically superior to intermittent production.

Agglutination↗
PubMed2005

Susceptibility to some antifungal drugs of vaginal lactobacilli isolated from healthy women.

Samples were taken from the lateral vaginal wall of 19 healthy women. Lactobacilli were isolated from ten of these women. Fifty-eight Lactobacillus isolates were identified as L. gasseri, L. vaginalis, L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii spp. lactis, L. crispatus, L. plantarum, L. cellobiosus, L. jensenii, L. salivarius, L. curvatus, L. brevis and L. oris. The inhibitory effect of isoconazole and oxiconazole in 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 microg/ml concentrations on 58 Lactobacillus spp. and Candida albicans (AJD 180) were investigated, using an agar diffusion method. Although both antifungal drugs showed a large inhibitory effect on C. albicans, oxiconazole had a very low inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus isolates. The natural resistance of lactobacilli to anti-fungal drugs may enable the development of an antifungal drug(s)/ probiotic combination for antifungal activity and lactobacilli replacement therapy.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1977

Acid production from Lycasin, maltitol, sorbitol and xylitol by oral streptococci and lactobacilli.

The acid production from maltitol was compared with the acid production from hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (Lycasin), sorbitol and xylitol by a number of oral strains and reference strains of Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. mitior, S. milleri, S. faecalis, S. faecium, S. avium, Lactobacillus casei and L. salivarius. The polyols were added to a final concentration of 1.0% to two different basal media. Incubation was performed at 37 degrees C for 7 days after which the pH was recorded. Maltitol was fermented only by the lactobacilli (about two thirds of the strains). Lycasin was fermented by all strains of S. faecalis, more than 90% of the lactobacilli, about half of the S. sanguis strains, about one third of the S. mutans strains, and by a few other streptococcal strains. Acid production from sorbitol was observed among more than 80% of the S. mutans strains and the S. faecalis strains and most of the lactobacilli strains. Sorbitol-fermenting strains of S. sanguis and of S. mitior, all isolated from sorbitol-consumers, were observed. No other sorbitol-fermenting streptococci were found. Only the reference strains L. salivarius subsp. salivarius ATCC 11741 and S. avium ATCC 14025 fermented xylitol.

Acids↗
PubMed1994

Vaginal application of lactobacilli in the prophylaxis of recurrent lower urinary tract infection in women.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether vaginal application of Lactobacillus casei v. rhamnosus reduces the reinfection rate in cystitis-prone women. DESIGN: A controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: Division for General Practice, University of Bergen, Norway. INTERVENTION: Vaginal application of lactobacilli twice weekly. SUBJECTS: 47 women, aged 18-50 years, reporting three or more episodes of distal urinary symptoms during the previous 12 months, of which at least one episode had been medically verified as a lower UTI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The incidence rate of lower UTI during 6 months' follow-up. RESULTS: No difference in infection rate between the two groups; the incidence rate ratio between the treatment group and the placebo group was 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.88-1.98). Lactobacilli were not found more frequently periurethrally in the treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: It is still uncertain whether vaginal application of lactobacilli reduces the infection rate in cystitis-prone women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[An improved tetrazolium agar medium for testing sugar fermentation in lactobacilli].

An improved tetrazolium agar medium for testing sugar fermentation in lactobacilli is described. Basal medium 86 was essentially a modified MRS broth with the omission of glucose. The standard formula was 30 micrograms/ml of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, 2% sugar to be tested, and 2% agar in medium 86. Plates were incubated anaerobically for 2 days at 37C or 5 days at 30C, depending on the strain. With three strains each of group II and III lactobacilli, colorless, fermentation-positive colonies were clearly differentiated from red, fermentation-negative colonies. For three strains of group I lactobacilli, this medium was not satisfactory because they grew poorly on it unless supplemented with a sugar.

Agar↗
PubMed2005

Dental caries experience and salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in 13-15 years old children of Belgaum city, Karnataka.

The present cross-sectional study was carried out in 372 school going children of Belgaum aged 13-15 years. The sample was selected by two stage random sampling method. The aim of the study was to estimate the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli and to study the relationship between these microorganisms and dental caries experience. The DMFT was recorded according to the WHO criteria(1997).The microbial load was estimated from a single saliva sample obtained from the children. The mean DMFT recorded was 2.41. Streptococcus mutans was detected in 87.37% and Lactobacilli in only 36.71% of the sample. Statistically, highly significant relation was found between Streptococcus mutans and DMFT categories (chi2=125.36, P<0.001), while Lactobacilli was not statistically related to DMFT categories (chi2=8.78, P>0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Collagen (Cn-I) binding by gut lactobacilli.

Four gut Lactobacillus strains displaying the features which make them particularly promising for the preparation of probiotic products were investigated together with 5 fresh isolates and one collection strain of Lactobacillus plantarum for their ability to bind type I collagen (Cn-I). Immobilised Cn-I in microtitre plates was bound only by 3 strains of gut lactobacilli from piglets and the collection strain Lactobacillus plantarum LHI 10 from Prague in range of A570nm readings 0.114-0.221. Six strains (isolates from turkeys and a calf) did not bind Cn-I (A570nm < 0.1) in this assay. An influence of cultivation medium on Cn-I binding was significant (P < 0.001) in all four adherent strains. Significantly higher (P < 0.001) binding of Cn-I was observed for Lactobacillus casei L 81 and Lactobacillus plantarum LHI 10 grown on solid medium (MRS agar) than for MRS broth-grown cells, however, Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 and Lactobacillus fermentum L 435 expressed significantly (P < 0.001) higher Cn-I binding during cultivation in MRS broth. The specificity of the binding was confirmed because the Cn-I binding by lactobacilli after their preincubation with this protein was completely abolished. Three selected inhibitors (fucoidan, heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced Cn-I binding by the Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 strain. Following up on some earlier strain characteristics, these results suggest that the selected piglets lactobacilli are also able to bind Cn-I and therefore should antagonize collagen niche colonization by various enteropathogens when used for probiotic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in human health.

The gastrointestinal microflora is a complex ecological system, normally characterized by a flexible equilibrium. The most important role of the microflora, from the point of view of the host, is probably to act in colonization resistance against exogenous, potentially pathogenic, microorganisms. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria constituting a major part of the intestinal microflora in humans and other mammals. Administration of antimicrobial agents may cause disturbances in the ecological balance of the gastrointestinal microflora with several unwanted effects such as colonization by potential pathogens. To maintain or reestablish the balance in the flora, supplements of intestinal microorganisms, mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, sometimes called probiotics, have been successfully used. This article reviews the role of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in human health.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimicrobial effect of fluoride mouthrinse on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether the long-term use of fluoride mouthrinse affects the salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 414 school children aged 7, 10, and 12 yrs. Among these subjects, 243 children had received fluoride mouthrinse since 5 years of age at nursery schools, and comprised the "mouthrinse group." The remaining 171 children, the "no mouthrinse group," had not received fluoride mouthrinse. All of the children received routine dental health education. The levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli for the subjects in both groups were measured using Dentocult SM Strip mutans and Dentocult LB Dip Slide, respectively. Dental examinations were conducted to obtain data on caries prevalence (dfs and DMFS). Logistic regression analysis was used to control confounding factors: age, dfs, DMFS, frequency of toothbrushing, sum of permanent tooth surfaces sealed, frequency of sweet snacks, frequency of sweet drinks, and the use of fluoridated toothpaste. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in mean DMFS between the mouthrinse group and no mouthrinse group at all ages. Children with fluoride mouthrinse had lower levels of mutans streptococci, and there was a significant association between the experience of fluoride mouthrinse and the score of Dentocult SM strip Odds ratio: 0.64, P < 0.05. However, there was no significant relation between the experience of fluoride mouthrinse and the score of Dentocult LB Dip Slide. The results of this study demonstrated that the long-term use of fluoride mouthrinse affected the detectable levels of mutans streptococci, but did not affect the levels of lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that fluoride mouthrinse might contribute to reducing the number of mutans streptococci.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1997

A culture medium for simultaneous counts of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in saliva.

The use of a single culture medium that allows the isolation and counts of both Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli could be of great value in microbiological diagnosis, control and evaluation of prevention programs that are nowadays employed in Odontology. To date there is no method that allows the simultaneous counts of lactobacilli and S. mutans in oral samples using a single culture medium. A single culture medium would allow for a more exact diagnosis of cariogenic risk and activity and a reduction in costs and processing time. We here in propose the selective-differential LAPTg 7% sucrose medium to differentiate oral streptococci and lactobacilli according to colony morphology and dextran production. The choice of this medium was the result of testing culture media such as MRS Agar, Elliker Agar and modified LAPTg Agar.

Agar↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva after the application of fissure sealants.

Because dental fissures may serve as reservoirs for mutans streptococci, preventive measures should be taken to control microbial concentrations at these sites. This study estimated the influence that sealing permanent first molars would have on the levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva of healthy seven-year-old schoolchildren. Permanent first molars were sealed in 31 children without caries (NC group) and in 32 children with caries (C group). None of the children had caries in their permanent first molars. Conventional methods were used to count mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva before applying the sealant and again at 4 and 12 weeks after application. Baseline counts of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci were significantly higher in the C group. A significant reduction in mutans streptococci was observed in the NC group at 4 and 12 weeks. It was concluded that fissure sealants in permanent first molars can help reduce salivary levels of mutans streptococci in children without caries.

Child↗
PubMed1999

The effect of orthodontic treatment on salivary flow, pH, buffer capacity, and levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.

Fixed orthodontic treatment has been shown to cause an increased incidence of enamel demineralisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in stimulated salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, and the levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli in patients undergoing therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. Saliva samples, plaque index scores and dietary histories were taken from 21 sequential patients before the start of treatment, and one month and three months after placement of brackets and bands. There was a statistically significant increase in stimulated salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, plaque index scores, and in the levels of MS and lactobacilli after three months of active treatment. It is postulated that the balance between the cariogenic challenge posed by high levels of MS and lactobacilli, and the reparative effects of concurrent increases in salivary flow rate, pH and buffer capacity, determines the likelihood of mineral loss or gain over time. A failure to follow basic preventive measures may increase the risk for some patients of enamel decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Comparison of vaginal lactobacilli and Lactobacillus species discrimination using classic methods and polymerase chain reaction].

The aim of this study was to identify the vaginal lactobacilli in the species level and to investigate the concordance between classical methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the typing of these isolates. Vaginal swab samples which have been collected from women who were admitted to the outpatient clinics of Gynecology Department of our hospital, were examined by standard microbiological methods and additionally were inoculated into selective lactobacilli media. Of 200 subjects, 59.5% have had normal vaginal flora, 31% were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis and 9.5% as vaginal candidiasis. The lactobacilli isolation rates of these groups were found 76.5%, 45.2% and 78.9%, respectively. A total of 160 facultative anaerobic Lactobacillus strains were isolated from 134 (67%) of the swab samples. Of these, 90.6% were identified into species level by classical methods, and the most frequently isolated species in our study was found as L. gasseri (40%), followed by L. delbrueckii (18%). The comparative study was performed only for 66 isolates, and 58 of them (87.8%) were grouped into 7 species while 8 have not been identified by classical methods, however, all of 66 isolates were successfully grouped into 4 species by PCR. Fourty-five of 66 strains have been found to be identical by means of classical methods and PCR, and the concordance between the methods were found 68.2 percent.

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal↗
PubMed1992

Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and caries prevalence in 15 to 16-year olds in Göteborg. Part II.

During the fall of 1987 one hundred and fifty-five 15 to 16-year-olds were examined with regard to caries prevalence, saliva secretion rate and salivary numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. In 15% of the subjects no mutans streptococci were detected, while 17.7% carried > 10(6) colony forming units (cfu) per ml saliva. The median value was 1.8 x 10(5) cfu per ml saliva. No lactobacilli were detected in 19% of the subjects and 14.3% had > 10(5) cfu per ml saliva. The mean caries prevalence was 21.0, of these 14.1 were incipient lesions. Increased numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were associated with increasing caries prevalence. Subjects with high numbers of both microorganisms showed about 4 times higher mean caries prevalence than those with low numbers. Streptococcus sobrinus carriers (15%) had both higher mean caries prevalence and a higher proportion of subjects with > 10(6) cfu mutans streptococci per ml saliva than was found in the whole group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Influence of dental restorative materials on salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the primary dentition.

PURPOSE: When restoring deciduous teeth with extensive lesions, preformed stainless steel crowns are increasingly used in addition to resin-based materials. The aim of the present clinical study was to examine the influence of composites and stainless steel crowns on the cariogenic bacteria S. mutans and Lactobacilli by means of a commercially available salivary test (CRT bacteria) in 100 children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 50 children (30 boys, 20 girls, mean age 5.7 +/- 2.4 years) only composites have been used as a restorative material (an average of 9 fillings per child, total number: n=450), which had been in situ for an average of 15.9 months at the time of the examination. In another group of 50 children (33 boys, 17 girls, mean age 5.9 +/- 2.5 years), stainless steel crowns and composites have been used for restorations (an average of 3.5 stainless steel crowns per child, total number: n=174, an average of 7 composite fillings per child, total number n=348), which had been in place for a mean period of 17.2 months. RESULTS: The salivary examination of the children with composite restorations showed a high proportion of patients (64%, n=32) with high numbers (> or = 10(5)) of S. mutans and Lactobacilli (54%, n=27). Only 22% (n=11) of the children with additional stainless steel crown restorations were found to have high numbers (> or = 10(5)) of S. mutans and Lactobacilli (34%, n=17). CONCLUSION: This study shows a potential positive inhibitory effect of stainless steel crown restorations as compared to composite fillings with respect to the oral bacterial colonization.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

[Inhibitor effect of vaginal lactobacilli on group B streptococci].

Neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) infections are one of the important health problems because of their high mortality and morbidity rates in certain countries. There are some preventive approaches, including perinatal antibiotic therapy against these infections. Recently, vaccination with conjugated GBS polysaccharides has also been practised. In this study, the in vitro inhibitory effects of 51 lactobacilli (of them 50 were purified from vaginal swabs, 1 from a commercial vaginal tablet) on five GBS (4 clinical isolates and 1 standard strain) were investigated by sandwich plate technique and deferred antagonism well technique. Ten clinical isolates (20%) and the drug-purified Lactobacilli expressed pronounced inhibitory effects on growth of GBS. All of the inhibitory isolates and 10 randomly selected non-inhibitory isolates were identified by API 50CHL kit (BioMeriéx, France). Seven (70%) of the inhibitory clinical isolates were Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The inhibitory isolates had higher acid production than the non-inhibitory ones (p < 0.05), and pH-adjustment destroyed their inhibitory effects entirely. If these results could be applied in vivo, it could be postulated that administration of certain lactobacilli as probiotics via an appropriate regimen may be a safe, physiological and cheaper alternative for prevention of neonatal GBS infections.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Immediate effects of irradiation of the orofacial area on the pH of salivary lactobacilli].

pH and salivary lactobacilli were analysed in 22 healthy individuals and 34 patients with cancer tumors of the oral or oropharyngeal regions before and during irradiation therapy. The findings revealed in cancer patients before radiotherapy, that pH and lactobacilli were significantly lower than those in non cancer control subjects. During irradiation therapy, pH and lactobacilli were not significantly altered. No significant difference was found between patients cured by chemotherapy before radiotherapy and patients treated only by irradiations. However, pH is modified by teeth: toothless patients ph and toothed patients pH change in opposite direction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Transfer of various markers in Lactobacilli during transformation of plasmid DNA and joint cultivation].

A system providing a high frequency genetic transfer of various markers making the reference strain Lactobacillus buchneri 1837 resistant to Lm, Em and Fus, able to ferment some carbohydrates and antagonistic against Pseudomonas diminuta CCM 2657 was developed. The frequency of the marker transfer during the lactobacilli joint cultivation was 1.5 X 10(-5) = 5.5 X 10(-5) to 1.5 X 10(-4) = 5.5 X 10(-4) which was 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than the marker transfer frequency during transformation of L. buchneri NRRLB 1837 with plasmid DNA of different lactobacilli. The recombinants and transformants resulting from the joint cultivation of lactobacilli contained a plasmid about 60 kb in length which provided cells of L. buchneri NRRLB 1837 with resistance to fusidin, antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas diminuta and capacity for utilizing sucrose and sorbite. It was shown possible to integrate the plasmid DNA about 26.5 kb in length contained in the cells of L. casei MT 205 to the chromosomes of erythromycin resistant transformants. The results of the investigation of the biological properties of the recombinants and transformants and their plasmid profiles were confirmed with the Southern DNA-DNA hybridization.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗