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Results for “family functioning”

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PubMed1996

[Apgar questionnaire in the study of family function].

OBJECTIVES: To analyse family dynamics among health service users. To establish a connection between perception of family dysfunction and different variables. DESIGN: A descriptive crossover study, in line with a closed question survey model: a) family Apgar, b) 16 item questionnaire. SETTING: Jumilla Health Centre, Murcia. PATIENTS: 397 patients between 18 and 65 were selected by systematic sampling. INTERVENTIONS: The Chi-squared statistical method and remainder analysis were used. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: a) Analysis of family perception: 315 normally functioning (79.35%) and 82 dysfunctional (20.65%). b) There were statistically significant connections between family dysfunction and the number of brothers and sisters and the place occupied by them, marital status, number of children, educational level, mental health and reason for the consultation. CONCLUSIONS: The family Apgar enables patients with family dysfunction to be identified. There is a clear connection between family dysfunction and the reasons for seeking health care.

Cross-Over Studies↗
PubMed2005

Psychological and family functioning and quality of life in adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: The life expectancy of individuals with CF has increased to 33 years. Thus, issues such as quality of life and psychological well-being, previously thought to be of lesser importance than physical well-being, are now recognised as significant factors. This study examined the interrelationships between quality of life, family functioning, individual psychopathology and optimism of adolescents with CF. METHODS: Adolescents attending the CF clinic completed a number of questionnaires. Quality of Life was measured using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire, family functioning by the Family Environment Scale (3rd edition), general psychopathology with the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and optimism for the future by the Hunter Opinions and Personal Expectations Scale. Disease severity was assessed using the Shwachman score and spirometry at the time of questionnaire completion. RESULTS: The level of psychopathology (12.5% of those 13 years and over) in the group was lower than that reported for young people in Australia (15-20%). The results indicated that young people with a delayed diagnosis and those who are alienated from their families may be in need of additional psychosocial support. The group was hopeful and positive about their future and these attributes were independent of clinical measures of disease severity. In general, these young people scored relatively highly on the quality of life scale. For example the mean standardised score for physical functioning was 70 points, for respiratory symptoms was 63 points and for emotional state was 78 points. Increased levels of psychopathology and lack of hope for the future were however associated with lower ratings on a number of quality of life measures. Family cohesiveness, expressiveness and organization were associated with better psychological functioning in the young people. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with CF appear to be a psychologically well functioning and well-adjusted group. These findings support the importance of a more sophisticated model of well-being for adolescents with CF, which explores the young person's views on their quality of life and wider support frameworks rather than relying solely on measures of physical health to gauge well-being.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Family functioning in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and epilepsy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of illness progression on the family functioning of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and epilepsy showing chronic relapsing progress and affecting functionality. METHOD: A total of 75 patients who were diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria as having schizophrenia (n: 25), bipolar affective disorder (n: 25) or epilepsy (n: 25) and their 134 family members were included in the study. A socio-demographical data form was completed by consulting the patient and family members, and a Family Assessment Device (FAD) was used. RESULTS: The general functionality level was low in patients with schizophrenia. Families of patients with bipolar affective disorder had healthier functioning than families of patients with schizophrenia and epilepsy. Subscales of "communication" and "behavioral control" were reported as highly ineffective by the schizophrenia patients. The epilepsy patients have family dysfunction in "behavioral control" and "roles" subscales. The families of bipolar affective disorder patients evaluated their "problem solving" and "general functioning" as problematic. CONCLUSION: The family's experience of disease and adaptation is a dynamic and ongoing process. Our data suggest that chronic psychiatric and neurological diseases may cause some specific difficulties in family functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The effects of management difficulty and family functions on metabolic control of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

This study was designed as a quantitative study. Subjects ranging from the fourth grade of primary school to the third year of senior high school were drawn from the survey project of Taipei IDDM Registry and from the Kang-Tai IDDM Association. The mothers of these diabetic children were asked to complete questionnaires. The purpose of this paper was to explore the influences of maternal stress, management difficulties and family function on self-management of diabetes and HbA1c. Results indicated that family function was positively and significantly related with self-management. There was a significant correlation between the difficulty of diet control and self-management. The total self-management, blood glucose monitoring and preventive measures for hypoglycemia were negatively correlated with HbA1c. Forty-six point six percent of the variance of self-management could be explained by the family role function, paternal education, patient's school grade, religion and difficulty of diet control. Forty-two point six percent of the variance of HbA1c could be accounted for by total self-management, payment method, difficulty of blood glucose monitoring and frequency of hospitalization due to hypoglycemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Relating parent and family functioning to the psychological adjustment of children with chronic health conditions: what have we learned? What do we need to know?

Reviewed research concerning the relationship of parent and family functioning to the psychological adjustment of children with chronic health conditions. More adaptive family relationships and parental psychological adjustment were associated with positive psychological adjustment while less adaptive family relationships (e.g., greater conflict and maternal psychological distress) consistently predicted problematic adjustment. Conclusions were limited by small, site-specific samples, reliance on self-report measures generally obtained from one parent, and general measures. Research progress would be enhanced by (a) more representative data sets; (b) process-oriented, illness-specific, and clinically relevant measures; (c) prospective analyses that clarify specific causal pathways between family functioning and children's adjustment; and (d) tests of interventions that modify risk and/or resistance factors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Couple power dynamics, systemic family functioning, and child adjustment: a test of a mediational model in a multiethnic sample.

Power dynamics in the marital dyad and systemic elements of whole-family functioning (cohesion, subsystem boundary formations) were examined in relation to each other and also in relation to child adjustment in a multiethnic sample of families. Support was found for a mediational model, such that family functioning was found to mediate the relationship between marital power dynamics and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Some support also was found for ethnicity as a moderator of the association between systemic family processes and children's adjustment. Disturbances in family cohesion and subsystem boundaries were more strongly related to internalizing symptomatology for children in European American families compared to children in Hispanic American families.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Predictors of family functioning and change 3 years after traumatic brain injury in children.

OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in family functioning from injury to 3 years after pediatric traumatic brain injury; to determine factors most predictive of family outcomes at 3 years and variables that promote positive outcomes and changes over time. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two regional tertiary care centers: cases followed for 3 years into community. PARTICIPANTS: Families of 81 children, ages 6 to 15 years, who sustained closed head injury and loss of consciousness (mild = 43, moderate = 20, severe = 18), consecutively enrolled over 15 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Family Environment Scale, Family Assessment Device, Family Inventory of Life Events, Health Insurance Survey-General Well-Being, NYU Problem Checklist for Significant Others, Family Interview Rating Scale, Family Global Assessment Scale. All were obtained initially and at 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years postinjury. Predictor variables were selected from the instruments above, as well as from the parent and teacher versions of the Child Behavior Checklist, socioeconomic status, and injury severity. RESULTS: Preinjury functioning was the best predictor of 3-year outcomes. Fewer changes in family functioning were reported over 3 years in the mild or moderate groups, whereas more deterioration occurred in the severe group. At 3 years, one third to one half of parents in either the moderate or severe groups reported medium to high strain in 19 of 34 problem areas. Low levels of family control and high levels of expressiveness correlated with better outcomes for severe group. Positive change for the severe group was marked by better preinjury levels of communication, expressiveness, problem solving, use of resources, role flexibility, greater activity orientation, and less conflict, control, and stress. Preinjury variables and severity explained from 26% to 69% of the variation in 3-year outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Families at risk for poorer outcomes can be prospectively identified and should be supported and encouraged in their efforts to develop new coping resources.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

An examination of family functioning utilizing the circumplex model in psychiatrically hospitalized children with depression.

The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between childhood depression and family functioning. 11 children with depression and 11 children without depression were compared via scores on the adaptability and cohesion dimensions of the FACES-III-K. Children with depression reported significantly less cohesive and more disengaged (displaying emotional separateness and lack of closeness) families than children without depression. Cohesion (the emotional bonding and individual autonomy of family members), but not adaptability, appears to be an important factor in the relationship between family functioning and childhood depression. Clinicians are advised to use treatments designed to help alleviate low family cohesion for children with depression.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Mental health, coping and family-functioning in parents of young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and with anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To compare mental health, coping and family-functioning in parents of young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders, and no known mental health problems. METHOD: Parents of young people with OCD (N = 28), other anxiety disorders (N = 28), and no known mental health problems (N = 62) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1993), the Coping Responses Inventory (Moos, 1990), and the McMaster family assessment device (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983). RESULTS: Parents of children with OCD and anxiety disorders had poorer mental health and used more avoidant coping than parents of non-clinical children. There were no group differences in family-functioning. CONCLUSION: The similarities across the parents of clinically referred children suggest that there is a case for encouraging active parental involvement in the treatment of OCD in young people.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Maternal employment, family functioning, and preterm infant development at 9 and 12 months.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal employment on child development and family functioning for families with preterm infants. Data were collected in the family's home (N = 67) when the infant was 3, 9, and 12 months of age. Maternal employment at 3 months had little effect on 9- and 12-month child mental or psychomotor development or on family cohesion, adaptability, or satisfaction. Maternal employment attitude/behavior consistency was a significant predictor of psychomotor development. Choice in the employment decision at 3 months was positively related to both mental and psychomotor development at 9 and 12 months for nonemployed mothers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Primary caregivers' psychological status and family functioning after traumatic brain injury.

This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress and unhealthy family functioning among primary caregivers of 62 adult outpatients with traumatic brain injury, using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Approximately half of the caregivers reported elevated distress as indicated by scores on the BSI General Stress Index. Elevations on the Anxiety scale were evident among one-third of the sample, and one-fourth demonstrated elevations on the Depression subscale. Elevated scores on the Paranoid Ideation and Psychoticism scales suggested that feelings of burden and alienation were commonly reported. As indicated by the FAD, caregivers showed greater levels of unhealthy functioning relative to published norms for non-patient and medical patient samples, but showed better functioning than psychiatric samples. Spouses were significantly more likely to report elevated depression scores compared to parents. There was also a trend for spouses to report greater unhealthy family functioning than parents. Findings are consistent with those reported by European researchers. Experience indicates that the BSI and FAD are potentially valuable clinical and research tools.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2026

Family functioning and psychiatric outcomes in children and young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities caused by rare genetic mutations.

BACKGROUND: A range of rare chromosomal micro-deletions or -duplications (Copy Number Variants - CNVs) are associated with high risk of neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions (ND-CNVs). There is great individual variability in outcomes, but we lack insights into the contributing social factors, including family functioning. METHODS: Caregivers of 598 children and young people (CYP) with a range of 16 ND-CNVs and 222 siblings without ND-CNVs (controls) completed questionnaires on overall family climate (cohesion and conflict) as well as caregiver-CYP relationship warmth and hostility and took part in a research diagnostic interview about CYPs' psychiatric symptoms. CYPs' intelligence quotient (IQ) was also measured. RESULTS: Comparisons with published data from neurotypical families indicated that families affected by ND-CNVs are characterised by higher family cohesion and conflict as well as lower caregiver-CYP warmth and hostility. Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder reduced more steeply in CYP with ND-CNVs compared to controls with increasing family cohesion (interaction effect: β = -0.14, p = 4.65 × 10-2). In contrast, they rose more steeply with increasing family conflict (interaction effect: β = 0.18, p = 1.05 × 10-2). Furthermore, symptoms of mood disorder increased more steeply with increased caregiver-CYP hostility in CYP with ND-CNVs (interaction effect: β = 0.15, p = 4.55 × 10-2). CONCLUSIONS: Raising a CYP with a rare genetic condition is challenging. Timely access to interventions that support caregivers in fostering a positive family environment may reduce behavioural difficulties in CYP, with subsequent benefits for family functioning.

CNV↗
PubMed1992

Stress and family functioning in parents of girls with Rett syndrome.

Mothers and fathers of 29 girls with Rett syndrome provided data about their levels of parenting stress, marital adjustment, and family functioning. Their scores were compared to normative and clinical samples. The parents of girls with Rett syndrome reported more stress, lower marital satisfaction, and certain adaptations in family functioning compared to norms. However, most parents scored in the normal range on most measures and their scores were not related to SES. There was little relationship between specific characteristics of the daughter with Rett syndrome, such as her age and level of functioning, and her parents' scores on these measures. There were few significant differences between mothers' and fathers' scores. Results are discussed in terms of patterns of family adaptation and coping. Clinical implications are also discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Assessing the effects of traumatic brain injury on family functioning: conceptual and methodological issues.

Reviewed empirical literature published since 1975 on the effects of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the family. Few systematic, hypothesis-driven investigations of the impact of TBI on family functioning have been conducted. However, existing findings indicate that severe TBI can adversely affect families and individual family members. Certain factors, such as poor preinjury functioning and parental psychological disorder, appear to place families at greater risk for long-term disruption. Issues associated with the conceptualization of the impact of TBI on various aspects of family functioning are discussed and methodological considerations are outlined. Special attention is given to novel strategies for studying these complex, multifaceted issues. Finally, a framework is proposed for examining the processes of family adaptation after pediatric TBI to guide future research directions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Exposure to community violence and violence perpetration: the protective effects of family functioning.

Although research has found that urban youth are exposed to excessive levels of community violence, few studies have focused on the factors that alter the risk of exposure to violence or the processes through which youth who are exposed to community violence do better or worse. This study investigates the risk of exposure to community violence and its relation to violence perpetration among a sample of 263 African American and Latino male youth living in inner-city neighborhoods. The study also examines the role that family functioning plays in moderating the risk. The study finds that youth from struggling families--those that consistently used poor parenting practices and had low levels of emotional cohesion--were more likely to be exposed to community violence. It also finds a relation between exposure to violence and later violence perpetration. However, youth exposed to high levels of community violence but living in families that functioned well across multiple dimensions of parenting and family relationship characteristics perpetrated less violence than similarly exposed youth from less well-functioning families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Home apnea monitoring: mothers' mood states, family functioning, and support systems.

Home apnea monitoring has been used increasingly for infants with or at high risk for apnea. This study examined mood states, perceived family functioning, and perceived support systems of mothers with infants on home apnea monitors from the first week on the monitor through three months after discharge. It also compared these factors in mothers receiving care through an established home monitor program or through their own physicians. Greatest discrepancies in all three areas of study occurred during the first week at home. During this time the group receiving care through private physicians reported higher discrepancy in professional support than that in the home monitoring program. No other significant differences were found between the two groups across time periods. Community health nurses have an important role in assessing and providing counseling concerning the mood disturbance and changes in family functioning that may take place when infants are receiving this therapy, particularly in the initial time at home.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The Georgia family Q-sort: an observational measure of family functioning.

The development of a new observational measure of family functioning using a Q-sort methodology is described. The Q-sort is one way of obtaining observer measures of family that complements both microcoding and global ratings of family processes. Evidence for construct validity is presented along with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the Q-sort approach to family observation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

[Comparison of maternal self-esteem, postpartal depression, and family function in mothers of normal and of low birth-weight infants].

PURPOSE: The study investigates the degree of maternal self-esteem, postpartal depression, and family function in mothers of normal and of low birth-weight infants. METHOD: A retrospective cohort design was applied to compare the variables of interest between a group of 73 mothers with normal birth weight infants and a group of 45 mothers with low birth-weight infants, using the maternal self-report inventory(MSRV), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) and Family APGAR(FAPGAR). RESULT: The total mean score was 82.57 for MSRV, 8.45 for EPDS, and 6.83 for FAPGAR with no differences between two groups. A positive correlation was found between MSRV and FAPGAR, while a negative correlations between MSRV and EPDS, and FAPGAR and EPDS. Regardless of the direction of the relationship, the degrees of the correlations were stronger in low birth-weight mothers group than in normal group. CONCLUSION: No differences in MSRV, EPDS and FAPGAR between the normal and the low birth-weight group considered as beneficial effects of the follow-up management which low birth-weight group was engaged in. This suggested the early intervention(follow-up) for the family with risk factor(low birth-weight) could reduce negative outcomes such as the impaired maternal self-esteem and family function, and the occurrence of postpartal depression, retrospectively.

English Abstract↗