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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Reliabilities of the WAIS-III for discrepancy scores: generalization to a clinical sample.

Internal consistency reliabilities for WAIS-III IQ, Index, and subtest discrepancy scores are provided for 100 men in a treatment program for substance abuse disorders. There were 63 Euro-Americans and 37 African Americans. Means for age, education, and Full Scale IQ were 46.1 yr. (SD=8.8), 12.7 yr. (SD=1.5), and 93.8 (SD=14.0), respectively. Reliabilities ranged from .34 to .86. Compared with the WAIS-III standardization sample, discrepancy score reliability coefficients differed only for the Verbal Comprehension Index vs Perceptual Organization Index contrast, which was higher in the patient sample. Interpretation of discrepancy scores for the WAIS-III appears to be useful in a clinical sample with substance abuse as in a purportedly normal sample.

Ethnicity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of genes involved in chemoresistance, proliferation and apoptosis in clinical samples of renal cell carcinoma and correlation with clinical outcome.

This study investigated the multidrug resistance, proliferation and apoptosis expression in renal cell carcinomas compared to adjacent normal kidney (ANK) tissues. Multidrug resistance (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), Topoisomerase-II alpha (TOPO-IIalpha), thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine kinase (TK), Ki67, BAX and BCL-2 genes were analysed in a series of 30 renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and 16 biopsies from adjacent normal kidney (ANK) tissue using reverse-transcription-PCR (rt-PCR). The mean MDR1 expression was significantly lower in RCC than that of ANK (0.4 +/- 0.2 sd versus 0.75 +/- 0.19, p = 0.0008). The expression of MRP, GST-pi and TOPO-IIalpha was not significantly different in RCC as compared with ANK. The mean TK expression in RCC was significantly higher than in ANK (0.31 +/- 0.15 versus 0.09 +/- 0.08, p = 0.002). The TS and Ki67 expression in RCC was significantly higher than in ANK (87.5%, IC95% 71-100% versus 0%, p = 0.001; 56% IC95% 32-81% versus 0%, p = 0.004, respectively). BAX and BCL-2 expression in RCC was significantly higher than that of ANK (0.51 +/- 0.08 versus 0.18 +/- 0.12, p = 0.0001; 0.73 +/- 0.16 versus 0.5 +/- 0.22, p = 0.01, respectively). No significant correlation was found between MDR1, MRP, GST-pi, TOPO-IIalpha, TS, TK and BAX expression with the grade and the clinical stage in RCC.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed2001

[Cross-cultural comparison of Conners Scales: Can the US-American factorial structure be replicated on German clinical sample?].

OBJECTIVE: International networks in child psychiatry research increasingly rely on the cross-cultural generalizability of commonly used questionnaire factor structures. The aim of this study is to analyze whether the U.S. factor structure of the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) can be replicated in a German clinical sample. METHOD: A German child psychiatry sample of 1394 children children and adolescents was randomly splitted into halves. One sub-sample was used to calculate a German factor model by means of exploratory factor analysis. This model is tested in comparison with he U.S. model constructed according to Conners (1989) in the second sub-sample by means of a confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL 8). RESULTS: 87% of the path relations in the German and U.S.-American models are identical. Both models show limitations with regard to their predictive power. As expected, the goodness of fit indices for the German model are somewhat better than for the U.S. model (GFI = .81; AGFI = .75 versus GFI = .76; AGFI = .71). CONCLUSIONS: The goodness of fit indices of the CPRS model are less satisfactory than those of other studies on the cross-cultural generalizability of factor structures of dimensional questionnaires (i.e., De Groot et al., 1994). However, this is mainly due to restrictions within the model (no multiple factor loadings). With respect to the cross-cultural generalizability differences were found in the impulsiveness/hyperactivity scale. All other scales could be well replicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The Marijuana Screening Inventory (MSI-X): reliability, factor structure, and scoring criteria with a clinical sample.

OBJECTIVE: This study continues the psychometric evaluation of a 31-item Marijuana Screening Inventory (MSI-X) with adults referred to a substance abuse clinic, by determining MSI-X reliability, factor structure, scoring cutoff accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with a DSM-IV-TR criterion measure. METHOD: A "marijuana inventory" containing demographic, MSI-X, and DSM IV-TR diagnostic items was administered to 107 adults undergoing substance-use evaluation. RESULTS: The MSI-X reliability was .90 with factor analysis deriving nine factors explaining 72.2% of the variance. Varimax rotation supports retention of all 31 items on nine factor-based scales. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined MSI-X accuracy and cutoff points in relation to four DSM IV-TR diagnostic classifications. The MSI-X obtained the highest probability (.91) for accuracy in identifying both cannabis dependence and abuse, with six the optimal cutoff for maximum sensitivity (.83) and specificity (.89). Thus, MSI-X scores of > or = 6 are considered high risk. A cutoff score of 3 was associated with (probability, .90; sensitivity, .85; specificity, .81) identifying cannabis abuse only risk, providing a 3 to 5 score in the moderate risk range. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical sample data supports the psychometric usefulness of the MSI-X as a screening tool. Marijuana lifetime use was 90% and past-year use 48%. The MSI-X identified 43% of lifetime users and 29% of past year users with moderate to high risk marijuana patterns deserving comprehensive evaluation. More males (15.9%) than females (7.5%) obtained MSI-X high-risk scores. The MSI-X empirically derived cutoff scores are within one point of the theoretical clinical cutoffs previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Structure and correlates of alcohol dependence in clinical samples in the United States and Russia.

Using items from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, dimensionality of the alcohol dependence syndrome was assessed in clinical samples in the United States and Russia. In both groups, a single-factor model provided a high degree of goodness of fit thus demonstrating cross-cultural coherence of the construct. The item dealing with narrowing of the drinking repertoire is most disparate in each sample. Severity of alcohol consequences was moderately related to alcohol dependence in both samples. Demographic variables, however, correlated less with severity of consequences. After the effects of severity of dependence and demographics were removed, quantity/frequency of recent alcohol consumption did not contribute to severity of consequences. Country, however, remained a significant, but small, predictor of severity of alcohol consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in clinical samples by using a simple lysis method and polymerase chain reaction.

We have evaluated the polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples from patients with tuberculous infection. Two simple methods for mycobacterial DNA release have been compared: sonication and lysis with nonionic detergents and proteinase K. The more effective method was the enzymatic technique. By using this protocol with 75 specimens we detected M. tuberculosis DNA in all of the samples, whereas only 48 and 71 samples were positive by acid-fast staining and culture, respectively.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of coxsackieviruses in clinical samples and its comparison with dot-immunobinding assay.

Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the direct detection of coxsackieviruses in clinical samples viz. rectal swabs (RS) and throat swabs (TS) collected from patients admitted to various nursing homes and local hospitals. Results indicate the presence of different CVA types in 65 (62.5%) out of 104 RS, and 18 (52.9%) out of 34 TS samples. Dot-immunobinding assay was also standardized for the identification of CVA types employing 52 RS samples and the results compared with indirect ELISA. Dot-immunobinding detected more CVA types in a relatively larger number of specimens than indirect ELISA.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed2005

Molecular identification of mumps virus genotypes from clinical samples: standardized method of analysis.

A sensitive nested reverse transcription-PCR assay, targeting a short fragment of the gene encoding the small hydrophobic protein (SH gene), was developed to allow rapid characterization of mumps virus in clinical samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were established using representative genotypes A, B, C, D, E, and F. Mumps virus RNA was characterized directly from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and in extracts of mumps virus isolates from patients with various clinical syndromes. Direct sequencing of products and subsequent phylogenetic analysis enabled genetic classification. A simple web-based system of sequence analysis was established. The study also allowed characterization of mumps virus strains from Argentina as part of a new subgenotype. This PCR assay for characterization of mumps infections coupled to a web-based analytical program provides a rapid method for identification of known and novel strains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teasing, body image, and self-esteem in a clinical sample of obese women.

This study examined the relationship of physical-appearance-related teasing history to body image and self-esteem in a clinical sample of adult obese females. The frequency of being teased about weight and size while growing up was negatively correlated with evaluation of one's appearance and positively correlated with body dissatisfaction during adulthood. Self-esteem was unrelated to teasing history but covaried significantly with body image measures. Subjects with early-onset obesity reported greater body dissatisfaction than did subjects with adult-onset obesity. The findings suggest that being teased about weight/size while growing up may represent a risk factor for the development of negative body image and that self-esteem and body image covary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The correlation between blood pressure values and personality score in the FPI-R in a non-clinical sample].

Personality traits of persons with high blood pressure were examined again. However, in contrast to most studies, it was decided to employ non-clinical samples of hypertensives and controls who were homogeneous for age and gender and also for actual life-style. This was done with draftees in the frame of a blood donation when blood pressure was recorded by routine. In addition, subjects completed the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI-R). Data of 390 persons were suitable for evaluation. Groups with different blood pressure levels did not differ significantly in any of the scales with the exception of higher emotionality scores in the high blood pressure group. This seems best explicable as a chance finding in the frame of multiple comparisons. Neither emotionality nor other personality traits showed any correlation with blood pressure values across the whole sample. Overweight, however, correlated repeatedly with the scale scores and should thus be taken into account in further personality research with hypertensives.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Distinguishing depression and anxiety in self-report: evidence from confirmatory factor analysis on nonclinical and clinical samples.

Psychologists believe that anxiety and depression self-report scales tap distinct constructs. This assumption was tested by using confirmatory factor analysis on mood data from nonclinical samples (K. S. Dobson, 1985a; I. H. Gotlib, 1984; J. Tanaka-Matsumi & V.A. Kameoka, 1986) and a clinical sample (J. Mendels, N. Weinstein, & C. Cochrane, 1972). These analyses provide evidence that anxiety and depression self-report scales do not measure discriminant mood constructs and may therefore be better thought of as measures of general negative mood rather than as measures of anxiety and depression per se.

Affect↗
PubMed1987

Research note: the use of the Birleson Depression Scale with a non-clinical sample of boys.

Attempts have been made to develop self-rating scales to assess depression in children. One of these scales, the Birleson Self-rating Scale, was administered to a non-clinical sample of boys which was larger, and covered a wider age-range, than Birleson's own non-clinical group. A comparison is made with Birleson's findings, and in addition data from the administration of the scale to a group of boys aged 13 to 18 years is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation of the short-form social support questionnaire (SOZU-K-22) in clinical and non-clinical samples].

Three versions (22-item, 10-item, and 7-item) of the social support questionnaire (F-SOZU) were psychometrically evaluated in two clinical and three non-clinical Austrian samples. The distribution of sum scores in all three versions was negatively skewed; means on the item-level were in the upper region of the five-point scale (M > 4.0) in all non-clinical samples. Internal consistency estimates were found to be satisfying for the total test scores (alpha > 0.85). The 10-item and the 7-item forms correlated highly with the 22-item form total score (r > 0.90). Principal components analysis supported a one dimensional solution in all forms. The discussion focuses on the problem of the highly skewed test scores. It is also argued that the use of the 7-item version might be preferable and more efficient if the researcher is only interested in obtaining a global score for perceived social support.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Plasmid based differentiation and detection of Coxiella burnetii in clinical samples.

A "nested" PCR approach with primers based on conserved plasmid sequences was used for the highly sensitive and specific detection of Coxiella (C.) burnetii in clinical samples collected from cattle, dogs, cats and humans. Results were in good agreement with those obtained from Capture-ELISA and isolation of the organism in BGM cell culture. We also tested primers with sequences derived from genomic DNA and sequences based on 16S rRNA. In addition, we applied PCR for the differentiation of C. burnetii plasmid types from 28 isolates originating from the USA, Europe and South Africa. Reference isolates Nine Mile RSA493, Dugway 5J108-111 and all European isolates tested were recognized only by primers specific for the QpH1 plasmid. One isolate from a goat abortion in Namibia reacted identically to the reference isolate Priscilla Q177 bearing the QpRS plasmid. Reference isolate S Q217 with plasmid sequences integrated into the genome reacted with none of the plasmid-specific primer pairs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A coupled PCR and restriction digest method for the detection and analysis of the SV40 regulatory region in infected-cell lysates and clinical samples.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an increasingly popular analytical tool for the detection of virus sequences in laboratory preparations as well as in human clinical samples. In studies involving papovaviruses SV40, BK virus (BKV), and JC virus (JCV), one of the primary targets for analysis is the viral regulatory region, as that section of the papovavirus genome is distinct. A primary concern with PCR-based studies is whether amplified DNA sequences may be derived from laboratory contaminants. Recognizing that common sources of PCR contamination are the positive control templates, we devised a facile method to distinguish between real and false-positive PCR-amplified SV40 regulatory region DNAs. SV40 constructs that had been engineered to contain different combinations of 72-basepair (bp) enhancer elements and 21-bp repeats, as well as two introduced unique restriction enzyme sites, were used as positive control templates for PCR amplification. Cleavage of PCR-amplified DNA identifies products from the engineered control plasmids. The procedure is rapid, simple and cost-effective. We also report that primer sets predicted to be specific for the SV40 regulatory region can be used to amplify BKV and JCV regulatory region sequences under conditions of reduced stringency.

BK Virus↗
PubMed2001

Activities of gemifloxacin and five other antimicrobial agents against Listeria monocytogenes and coryneform bacteria isolated from clinical samples.

The in vitro activities of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline, gentamicin, and vancomycin were evaluated against 15 Listeria monocytogenes strains and 205 coryneform bacteria isolated from clinical samples. The percentages of strains inhibited by gemifloxacin at 0.5 microg/ml were 100% (L. monocytogenes), 93.3% (Brevibacterium spp.), 90% (Corynebacterium minutissimum), 42.5% (Corynebacterium amycolatum), 20% (Corynebacterium striatum), 12.5% (Corynebacterium jeikeium), and 10% (Corynebacterium urealyticum). One hundred percent of the L. monocytogenes strains were inhibited by 0.25 microg of gemifloxacin per ml, whereas 0% of the strains were inhibited by 0.25 microg of ciprofloxacin per ml. Vancomycin at 2 microg/ml inhibited all strains. Doxycycline and gentamicin at 4 microg/ml inhibited 94 and 49% of the strains, respectively, while ampicillin at 0.5, 2, and 8 microg/ml inhibited 24, 61, and 66% of the strains, respectively. It is concluded that gemifloxacin shows good in vitro activity against L. monocytogenes and coryneform bacteria except C. jeikeium and C. urealyticum.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection and serotyping of dengue virus in clinical samples].

This study describes the benefits of using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the rapid detection and typing of dengue virus in clinical samples. Twenty-seven serum specimens from patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Colombia, Nicaragua, and Panama were directly subjected to RT-PCR for the detection of dengue virus. The resulting double-stranded DNA product was typed by a second round of PCR amplification (nested PCR) with type-specific primers, viral culture/indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and enzyme-linked electroimmunoassay for IgM anti-dengue antibodies. The amplified virus genome was detected and typed within 8 hours. Nested RT-PCR, using viral culture and IIF as the gold standard, showed 100% sensitivity; 78% specificity; 69% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. It is noteworthy that two of the specimens whose results were positive with nested RT-PCR and negative with viral culture showed specific IgM antibodies. The results of the RT-PCR were in close agreement with those obtained through viral culture. This suggests PCR can greatly facilitate the rapid and early diagnosis of dengue infection.

Colombia↗
PubMed1995

Detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in clinical samples by the polymerase chain reaction.

A PCR assay with primers selected from the gl gene and flanking a 468 bp DNA fragment was tested on clinical samples. Of 27 samples (nasal swabs, lung, lymph nodes, tracheal mucosa) collected from 16 different outbreaks in Scotland, 18 were positive by PCR and 13 by virus isolation. Some samples of isolated DNA had to be diluted by a factor 50-100 to obtain a positive PCR result. PCR assay could detect the BHV-1 positive samples collected from different European regions, namely from Slovakia, Italy, England, Scotland as well as the IPV sample.

Animals↗