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PubMed2026

Hydroxyl Radical Inactivation of Vesicle-Cloaked and Free Murine Norovirus: Linking Biomolecular Oxidation to Lifecycle Disruption and Infectivity Loss.

Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) play a central role in inactivating human viruses during advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment, solar disinfection, and natural attenuation in sunlit aquatic environments. Human norovirus, a leading cause of gastroenteritis, is efficiently transmitted through water and exhibits strong environmental persistence. The recent discovery of vesicle-cloaked virus clusters (viral vesicles) further challenges water treatment and reuse, particularly for norovirus elimination. We investigated •OH inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), a human norovirus surrogate, in free-virus and vesicle-cloaked forms. •OH rapidly inactivated both MNV-1 vesicles and free MNV-1 with second rate constants of ∼1010 M-1 s-1; however, the vesicle membrane provided a 2.24-fold protective effect to cloaked MNV-1, resulting in slower inactivation kinetics than those of free MNV-1. •OH oxidized viral capsid proteins and genomes together with vesicle proteins and lipids, resulting in impaired CD300lf receptor and cell-based binding, disrupted genome replication, and diminished viral assembly. Despite these biochemical and functional impairments, most vesicle structures remained largely intact following •OH exposure. This study establishes a quantitative framework linking biomolecular damage to viral infectivity loss through functional impairment and lifecycle disruption, providing mechanistic insights into advance water disinfection strategies and public health protection.

Norovirus↗

PubMed2026

Thrombus Metabolism-Based Molecular Subtyping for Prognostic Risk Stratification in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Preliminary Study.

AIMS: To preliminarily characterize metabolic molecular subtypes of cerebral thromboemboli and evaluate their clinical significance in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). METHODS: Untargeted metabolomics was performed on thromboemboli retrieved from 36 patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO using ultra-performance coupled liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was employed to identify distinct metabolic molecular subtypes, and their associations with stroke etiology, radiographic severity, and functional outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Two distinct thrombus metabolic molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) were identified based on 12 metabolites significantly associated with both short-term (7-day ∆NIHSS) and long-term (90-day mRS) functional outcomes. The C1 subtype, predominantly cardioembolic, exhibited enhanced lipid metabolism, whereas the C2 subtype, primarily atherothrombotic, demonstrated increased folate metabolism. Patients with C1 thromboemboli presented more severe admission ischemic lesions (as indicated by ASPECTS) and experienced poorer short-term and long-term outcomes. A six-metabolite signature derived from LASSO regression was identified for exploratory discrimination of thrombus metabolic subtypes, etiological subtypes, and 90-day outcomes. CONCLUSION: This preliminary exploratory study identifies two metabolically distinct thrombus molecular subtypes with clinical implications in anterior circulation AIS-LVO, providing a novel basis for risk stratification and personalized secondary prevention and warrants further investigation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas and ovaries of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain during vitellogenesis.

Ovarian lipids are essential nutrients that fundamentally determine oocyte and offspring quality, and ultimately affect the reproductive performance of decapod crustaceans. Lipids accumulated in the ovaries during vitellogenesis are mainly derived from the hepatopancreas. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in the hepatopancreas and ovaries during vitellogenesis remain largely unclear. In this study, comparative transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses were conducted on the hepatopancreas and ovaries of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. From early to late vitellogenic stages, 454 lipid species were significantly increased and 17 decreased in abundance in the hepatopancreas, and 609 increased and 23 decreased in abundance in the ovaries. Meanwhile, there were 1481 upregulated and 963 downregulated transcripts in the hepatopancreas, and 3402 upregulated and 1478 downregulated transcripts in the ovaries. Subsequently, KEGG pathway co-enrichment analysis showed that the de novo biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids was enhanced in the hepatopancreas, with upregulated ALDH, GPAT, plsC, PLPP, FASN, and HSD17B8 transcripts and elevated abundances of PC, PE, PS, PA, PG, DG, and TG species from the early to late vitellogenic stages in mud crabs. In contrast, glycerophospholipid catabolism and conversion were activated in the ovaries, with upregulated PLA2G, LYPLA1, NTE, GPCPD1, PLD_1, PGS1, and CRLS transcripts and elevated abundances of LPC, LPE, LPS species. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism during vitellogenesis in decapod crustaceans.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Proteomics-based analysis of the defense mechanisms of disease-resistant grass carp against Aeromonas veronii.

Sustainable aquaculture of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, GC) is consistently threatened by bacterial diseases, particularly those caused by Aeromonas veronii. A disease-resistant grass carp (DR-GC) has been developed by backcrossing female gynogenetic GC with normal male GC, exhibiting improved resistance. However, the systemic molecular mechanisms of DR-GC defending against Aeromonas veronii infection remain largely unexplored. Here, a label-free quantitative proteomics approach was employed to systematically compare proteomic profiles across five tissues (intestine, liver, muscle, skin, and kidney) in DR-GC and GC under healthy and infected conditions. The intestine was identified as the central defense tissue, exhibiting the highest number of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). In DR-GC, A0A3N0YEK7 (small ribosomal subunit protein eS28), A0A3N0YGT8 (ATP synthase-coupling factor 6) and A0A3N0YNS7 (apolipoprotein A-I) were significantly upregulated in intestine, while D5KZW6 (GCHV-induced protein), A0A3N0Z0A1 and Q8JH84 (hemoglobin subunit alpha) were significantly dysregulated across multiple tissues, which playing the critical roles in defense mechanisms at the protein level. Furthermore, cytochrome P450-associated pathways, cytosolic DNA-sensing and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways were identified as crucial coordinators mediating immune and metabolic responses. This study provides the first comprehensive proteomic view of multi-tissue defense mechanisms in DR-GC, and identifies key DAPs and pathways for subsequent functional validation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Electrospun Nanofiber Dressings for Diabetic Wounds: From Single-Layer to Intelligent Composite Systems.

Diabetic chronic wounds have become a major challenge for clinical treatment due to their complex pathological microenvironment, including persistent inflammatory response, angiogenesis disorder, excessive oxidative stress, and susceptible infection. Traditional dressings as a passive barrier have difficulty meeting the above multiple treatment needs. Electrospinning technology, with its ability to mimic the fibrous network structure of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), offers a high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and excellent drug-loading capacity, making it an ideal platform for developing a new generation of multifunctional wound dressings. This article provides a systematic review of the research progress on electrospun nanofiber dressings in the treatment of diabetic wounds, focusing on the design evolution from basic single-layer structures to advanced complex structures and elucidating the mechanisms of action and quantifiable effects of each structural type in addressing specific pathological challenges. We also compared the current status of clinical translation for electrospun dressings with that of other advanced wound care platforms and proposed a standardized preclinical evaluation framework. A large number of research data show that these advanced designs can effectively improve the quality of healing. Finally, this paper points out the challenges faced by this field, such as scalable fabrication, in vivo reliability of smart systems, and long-term biosafety, and provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the design of efficient and intelligent electrostatic spinning diabetic wound dressings.

Nanofibers↗

PubMed2025

Defining Gaslighting in Gender-Based Violence: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

In both public and academic discourse, gaslighting has gained increased attention, especially regarding psychological abuse, power imbalance, and gender-based violence (GBV). However, the term gaslighting is often inconsistently defined and conflated with broader forms of manipulation. It is also largely examined in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), which ignores its occurrence in other forms of GBV. The present study presents a systematic review that synthesizes interdisciplinary academic literature to create a comprehensive framework of gaslighting. This framework includes the specific tactics that are used by perpetrators of gaslighting, the social-psychological outcomes experienced by survivors, and the role of systemic inequalities and social power dynamics. A search across multiple databases identified 96 records that discussed gaslighting in relation to GBV. Thematic analysis revealed a two-part framework for understanding gaslighting: (a) gaslighting tactics, which were categorized into cognitive and perceptual manipulation, emotional and psychological abuse, power dynamics and control, and additional forms of manipulation and (b) survivor outcomes, including disruptions to perception and memory, emotional distress, social isolation, and resistance strategies. The findings show that gaslighting is more than just an interpersonal act; it is sustained within social structures, where perpetrators use identity factors and forms of marginalization to exploit survivors. Overall, this review presents a comprehensive definition of gaslighting that illustrates its epistemic nature and its intersection with systemic oppression. It is suggested that future research studies gaslighting in GBV contexts beyond IPV, while practice and policy efforts should seek to enhance recognition and support for survivors.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Plant species identification by genome skimming across the vascular plant tree of life.

Accurate species identification is essential for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use, yet standard plant DNA barcoding often fails to achieve species-level resolution. We present a large-scale empirical evaluation of genome skimming as a tool to improve plant species discrimination. Using standardised data from 1969 individuals representing 475 species from 32 genera across major lineages of the vascular plant tree of life, we compare conventional plastid + internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcodes with genome skimming approaches. Standard barcoding using rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA and ITS resolved about half of species (49.3%), with six genera showing < 25% species discrimination. By contrast, genome skimming enabled the recovery of complete plastid genomes, yielding 57.6% species discrimination. It also generated sufficient nuclear genomic data for additional resolution from k-mer analysis, achieving 66.8% species discrimination - an average gain of 17.5% over standard barcodes - while eliminating cases of extreme failure (< 25% resolution). The recovery of complete plastomes and ribosomal DNAs from genome skims also ensures backward compatibility with existing barcode datasets. Our results demonstrate that genome skimming provides data that substantially improves species-level resolution across diverse plant lineages and offers a scalable, high-throughput approach for building comprehensive reference resources to support global biodiversity initiatives.

DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic↗

PubMed2026

Plasticity of hepatic metabolism in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to cyclic hypoxia.

The emergence of cyclic hypoxia puts aquatic organisms' homeostasis under significant strain. Energetic metabolism as well as protein synthesis and folding are particularly altered during hypoxia, while reoxygenation imposes an oxidative challenge. Currently, little is known about how hypoxia-sensitive organisms respond to large oxygen fluctuations. Our previous work on Arctic char revealed that this salmonid, despite being strongly affected by acute hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R), can successfully reestablish homeostasis, notably through adjustments to hepatic mitochondrial metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying this acclimation remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that Arctic char remodel their hepatic proteome to optimize energy metabolism, reorganize oxygen-demanding pathways, and maintain cellular homeostasis during repeated H/R cycles. By exposing Arctic char to two or fifteen days of diel cyclic hypoxia, we confirmed this species' limited capacity to respond to acute H/R. Nevertheless, after fifteen cycles, fish adjusted their energetic metabolism through coordinated regulation of carbohydrate and lipid pathways and upregulation of amino acid metabolism. Mitochondrial metabolism was strongly reorganized, particularly at the ubiquinone-Complex III interaction level, alongside adjustments in proline utilization and protein processing. Moreover, protein processing and folding pathways were stimulated in both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. However, chronic cyclic hypoxia may still promote non-mitochondrial ROS production, DNA replication stress, and impaired immune function. This study highlights how a hypoxia-sensitive fish progressively reorganizes its metabolism and oxygen-demanding pathways to establish a phenotype adapted to chronic cyclic hypoxia, while also revealing the physiological costs associated with this acclimation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Shared Medical Appointments for Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Shared medical appointments (SMAs) integrate group-based clinical care with individual medical management and are increasingly used in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) to improve access, engagement, and care coordination. However, their use, outcomes, and implementation in SUD care have not been systematically synthesized. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review registered with PROSPERO (CRD42025639504). MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Central were searched from database inception through September 2025. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and qualitative studies examining SMAs among adults with SUDs were included. Outcomes of interest included treatment engagement and retention, substance use outcomes, mental health and patient-reported outcomes, and implementation characteristics. Study quality was assessed across quantitative and qualitative designs, and findings were synthesized descriptively. RESULTS: Fourteen studies, representing approximately 578 participants, met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies focused exclusively on opioid use disorder, 1 included both alcohol and opioid use disorders, and 1 did not specify substance type. Treatment retention was reported in 6 studies, with a median 6-month retention of 72.9%. Three studies reported reductions in substance use outcomes, and 2 reported improvements in depression or anxiety. Qualitative studies consistently described high patient satisfaction, peer support, and shared accountability. Implementation studies demonstrated feasibility across diverse outpatient settings, with substantial heterogeneity across study designs and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: SMAs appear feasible and acceptable for addiction care and may support treatment retention and patient experience. Evidence remains heterogeneous and largely observational, highlighting the need for rigorous comparative studies to better define effectiveness and implementation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic Value and Limitations of Dermoscopy in Humans and Animals: A Critical Comparative Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a noninvasive imaging technique that is well-established in human dermatology, where it enhances the diagnosis of neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and alopecic skin disorders. In veterinary dermatology, its use is expanding yet remains heterogeneous and largely descriptive, despite growing evidence of conserved dermoscopic patterns across species. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To review the applications of dermoscopy in veterinary dermatology, and to provide a comparative analysis of dermoscopic features observed in dogs, cats, and horses in relation to corresponding findings in human dermatology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature reporting dermoscopic findings in veterinary dermatology was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for studies published up to 30 July 2025. Eligible studies included original articles describing dermoscopic features in dogs, cats, or horses. Extracted data included species, dermatological condition, dermoscopic findings, device type and histopathological correlation, when available. Levels of evidence were assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. RESULTS: Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were descriptive case reports or case series. Dermoscopy was applied to a wide range of conditions, including alopecias, parasitic infestations, dermatophytosis, neoplastic and sebaceous lesions, inflammatory dermatoses, and congenital vascular anomalies. Recurrent dermoscopic features showed strong similarities to those described in human dermatology, although species-specific anatomical differences influenced interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: Dermoscopy represents a valuable adjunct diagnostic tool in veterinary dermatology, with clear translational relevance. Standardisation of terminology and further prospective studies are required to support its broader clinical integration.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Patient-reported outcome measures for depression or anxiety symptoms in patients with cardiovascular disease: A COSMIN systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the measurement quality of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in this population remains unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the methodological quality, measurement properties, and certainty of evidence for depression and anxiety PROMs in adults with CVD and to inform instrument selection. METHODS: Following COSMIN and PRISMA guidance, four databases were searched from inception to February 2026. Studies assessing measurement properties of PROMs in adults with CVD were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, and certainty of evidence was graded using an adapted GRADE approach. RESULTS: Sixty-six studies assessing 38 PROMs were included, comprising 29 generic and 9 CVD-specific instruments. Six PROMs met COSMIN Category A criteria: Cardiac Depression Scale-Short Form, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Major Depression Inventory. Four instruments were classified as Category C because of insufficient structural validity. Content-validity evidence was largely indeterminate or of limited certainty. Only 24 studies used confirmatory factor analysis or Rasch analysis, and no study assessed measurement error or responsiveness. Cross-cultural validity evidence was scarce. CONCLUSIONS: Six PROMs met Category A criteria, but selection should remain purpose- and context-specific. Particular attention should be given to somatic symptom overlap and intended clinical use. Further validation should prioritize content validity, measurement invariance, responsiveness, measurement error, and clinimetric performance.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of grief interventions in underrepresented regions: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.

Background: Most evidence on grief and bereavement interventions originates from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) populations, raising concerns about the generalizability and cultural relevance of existing findings in diverse global contexts. Individuals confronted with the death of a close person, particularly in cases of sudden or potentially traumatic loss, may be at increased risk of adverse psychological and physical health outcomes, highlighting the importance of effective interventions. This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of grief interventions in underrepresented regions.Method: A systematic search of Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus, supplemented by manual reference checks, identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) targeting bereaved individuals in underrepresented regions. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate overall and subgroup effects based on control type, loss type, and intervention characteristics.Results: Fourteen RCTs comprising 1122 participants were included. Grief interventions demonstrated a significant moderate-to-large effect compared to control conditions (SMD = -0.74, 95% CI [-1.01, -0.47]). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I² = 77%). No significant subgroup differences were identified.Conclusion: Grief interventions show promising effectiveness across diverse cultural and geographical contexts. However, the limited and heterogeneous evidence base highlights the need for more high-quality RCTs and for the development of culturally sensitive and contextually grounded approaches to mental health care in underrepresented regions.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive identification and evolutionary analysis of the Wnt gene family in bivalves: Insights into the larval development of the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis.

The Wnt gene family regulates fundamental developmental processes in metazoans, but its evolutionary composition and developmental deployment in bivalves remain largely unresolved. Here, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of Wnt genes in 19 bivalve species and examined developmental expression profiles in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, with Crassostrea gigas and Chlamys farreri used for cross-species comparison. A total of 235 Wnt genes were identified and assigned to 12 subfamilies. No reliable Wnt3 ortholog was detected in any analyzed bivalve, supporting the view that Wnt3 loss occurred early during lophotrochozoan evolution rather than representing a lineage-specific absence. Most Wnt proteins retained the conserved WNT domain, indicating strong structural conservation, whereas lineage-specific copy-number variation and gene loss were observed among species. C. farreri and C. gigas each retained 12 Wnt genes and lacked Wnt3, whereas C. nobilis lacked Wnt3, Wnt7, and Wnt16. Developmental transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR revealed clear stage-specific expression patterns. In C. gigas, Wnt2/10/A were highly expressed during earlydevelopment and peaked around the D-shaped larval stage, while Wnt8 and Wnt11 showed distinct stage-specific peaks. By contrast, Wnt1/5/6/9 were more active during later larval development or juvenile formation. These results provide a comparative framework for bivalve Wnt evolution and identify candidate Wnt genes potentially involved in larval development and aquaculture-relevant developmental transitions.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Spatially confined electrochemical strategy with DNA-assembled nanogaps for SNP detection.

Accurate detection of low-abundance single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) against a large excess of homologous wild-type sequences requires both selective molecular recognition and effective transduction of small sequence differences into measurable signals. Here, we report a spatially confined electrochemical strategy that couples sequence-selective recognition with size-dependent mass-transport gating. DNA-hybridization-driven self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) forms a three-dimensional self-assembled electrode (3D-SAE) with a DNA-defined interparticle architecture. Competitive probes (SP/WP) convert single-base recognition into distinct molecular-size states: the SNP-associated pathway preferentially triggers a hybridization chain reaction (HCR), generating bulky AuNP-anchored HCR/methylene blue complexes (Au@HCR/MB) with reduced electrochemical accessibility through the porous 3D-SAE, whereas the wild-type pathway does not trigger HCR and maintains a high-current response from more readily accessible MB-containing species. Thus, sequence recognition is translated into a molecular-size difference and subsequently into an electrochemical signal through differential mass transport. Under buffer conditions, the platform achieved a statistically estimated detection limit of ∼0.47 fM and a quantitative range of 1 fM-100 pM. It discriminated a 0.1% mutant abundance in a fragmented genomic-DNA background. The downstream signal-transduction chemistry is enzyme-free and isothermal. This work establishes a mechanistical recognition-size-conversion-mass-transport-gating architecture for electrochemical nucleic acid analysis.

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide↗

PubMed2026

Is There a Difference in Occurrence of Complications Between Adults With Hemoglobin SS and Hemoglobin SC Disease: An Extended Systematic Review.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by both acute and chronic complications. The clinical manifestation of these complications differs between genotypes. Given the large amount of research already published, this systematic review aims to offer a complete overview of types of sickle cell complications between adults in the most common genotypes Hemoglobin SS (HbSS) and Hemoglobin SC (HbSC), putting options for further research into perspective. An extensive literature search was performed to study all available evidence on these complications. This review was performed according to the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) statement guidelines, and was performed on January 2, 2024. A total of 710 references were identified. After careful screening, 521 records were excluded based on title and abstract and other exclusion criteria. In total, 158 articles were excluded after full-text assessment. Our analysis of 31 studies highlights key differences in complications between HbSS and HbSC genotypes in sickle cell disease (SCD). Vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) remain the most common acute complication in both genotypes. HbSS patients experience more frequent VOCs, while HbSC patients generally have a milder clinical course when it comes to acute complications. Chronic complications, particularly in the ocular and pulmonary systems, are more prevalent in HbSC patients. However, as acute complications are more common in HbSS and chronic complications more common in HbSC, both genotypes face progressive organ damage due to recurrent ischemic injury and inflammation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Siglec-7 orchestrates mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic reprogramming to restrain human NK cell cytotoxic function.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that directly eliminate tumor and virus-infected cells by integrating signals from activating and inhibitory receptors, and their effector functions are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism. Given that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 reprograms T cell metabolism to shape functional fate, the bioenergetic consequences of inhibitory receptor engagement on human NK cells remain largely unexplored, particularly for sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-7), a glyco-immune checkpoint receptor. Here, we investigated metabolic programs and effector functions associated with Siglec-7 expression and antibody-mediated Siglec-7 ligation in primary NK cells and NK-92MI cells. Siglec-7POS NK cells exhibited selectively impaired CD107a degranulation under glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, whereas Siglec-7NEG cells remained relatively resistant, indicating distinct energetic wiring between these subsets. Engagement of Siglec-7 by an agonistic antibody induced mitochondrial fission with altered Drp1 phosphorylation, transient mitochondrial depolarization, and broadly suppressed mitochondrial respiration, while concurrently enhancing glycolytic capacity, consistent with a dual metabolic shift upon Siglec-7 ligation. In contrast, sustained Siglec-7 expression in NK-92MI-S cells was associated with globally enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity, indicating that sustained Siglec-7 expression and short-term treatment with an agonistic anti-Siglec-7 antibody were associated with distinct metabolic profiles in NK cells. Furthermore, Siglec-7POS NK cells showed increased accumulation of autophagic vacuole, reduced proliferation, and heightened apoptotic susceptibility compared with Siglec-7NEG counterparts. Collectively, these findings support an association between Siglec-7 status, mitochondrial homeostasis, and metabolic fitness in NK cells, with Siglec-7NEG cells retaining a metabolically robust, cytotoxic phenotype.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Effects of time-restricted eating on markers of glucose metabolism and regulation in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glucose metabolism and regulation in individuals with prediabetes (fasting blood glucose of 5.6-6.9 mmol/l or HbA1c of 39-47 mmol/mol [5.7-6.4%]) or type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose ≥7 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol [6.5%]). METHODS: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL from inception to 5 August 2025. Moreover, forward and backward citation searches were performed. Eligible studies were RCTs in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, lasting ≥2 weeks, reporting markers of glucose metabolism and regulation, comparing TRE (≤12 h eating window) with a non-time-restricted control diet. Studies involving pregnancy, other fasting regimens, or non-peer-reviewed publications were excluded. Data were pooled as weighted mean differences with 95% CIs using random-effects generic inverse variance models in Cochrane Review Manager Web, and results are presented as forest plots. The certainty of evidence was defined using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology, and risk of bias was estimated by using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). RESULTS: Out of 2043 records identified through the database search, as well as 1249 from forward and backward citation searches, ten RCTs including 599 participants were included. The mean length of the studies was 4 months, and the eating windows ranged from 4 to 10 h per day. The pooled meta-analysis showed no overall effect of TRE on HbA1c (-3.33 mmol/mol; 95% CI -6.87, 0.20 (-0.30% points; -0.63, 0.02); p=0.06, moderate certainty). Nevertheless, following stratification by subgroups, TRE resulted in a reduction in HbA1c of 0.93 mmol/mol (-1.70, -0.17 [-0.09% points; -0.16, -0.02]; p=0.02) in individuals with prediabetes but not in individuals with type 2 diabetes (-4.68 mmol/mol; -10.08, 0.72 (-0.43% points; -0.92, 0.07); p=0.09). TRE reduced fasting blood glucose in the pooled analysis (-0.30 mmol/l; -0.53, -0.07; p<0.01, moderate certainty) as well as in the subgroup analyses in individuals with prediabetes (-0.14 mmol/l; -0.27, -0.01; p=0.03) and with type 2 diabetes (-0.48 mmol/l; -0.78, -0.17; p<0.01). Moreover, TRE lowered body weight by 1.6 kg (-2.2, -1.0; p<0.001) in the pooled analysis. The evidence was limited by imprecision arising from wide confidence intervals in some of the included studies, which may be due to small sample sizes. Lastly, the effects of TRE on markers of insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and continuous glucose monitoring measurements were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Moderate-certainty evidence indicates that TRE reduces fasting blood glucose but not HbA1c. The subgroup analyses revealed that TRE improved HbA1c and fasting glucose in individuals with prediabetes and improved fasting glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Future large-scale studies should investigate long-term effects of TRE in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024523591 FUNDING: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Three authors (JS, A-DT, THA) are employed at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, a public hospital and research institution under the Capital Region of Denmark, partly funded by a grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Examining early-phase symptom trajectories in interpersonal psychotherapy versus antidepressant medication for adults with depression: A dynamic time warp network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression is characterized by substantial symptom heterogeneity, which is often concealed when examining total severity scores. Analyzing symptom-level change can improve our understanding of treatment effects and recovery processes. This study, therefore, examined dynamic symptom networks during early-phase interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment, assessing patterns of symptom change across as well as differences between treatments. METHODS: Using weekly item-level Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) data from a randomized clinical trial comparing IPT and SSRIs for adults with depression, this preregistered study examined symptom trajectories in the first six weeks of treatment with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). RESULTS: Depressive symptom trajectories and DTW-based symptom networks were largely similar for IPT and SSRI. In both conditions, changes in somatic symptoms of anxiety and middle insomnia tended to precede improvements in depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS: Early symptom change may occur outside the core affective domain, underscoring the importance of monitoring symptoms broadly. Symptom-level patterns may reflect patients' stage of recovery and provide clinically relevant information beyond total severity scores. The absence of differences in improvement patterns between IPT and SSRI suggest few indications for treatment selection based on baseline symptom profiles. Future research should replicate and extend these findings to subsequent treatment phases using more frequent assessments and a broader range of interventions.

Humans↗