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PubMed1977

Wool growth factors and the blood level of glutathione in sheep.

Starting from the positive correlation between the content of glutathione in the blood and the wool growth the influence was investigated of the genetic construction [local breed with coarse wool (1), Pakistan breed with semi-fine wool (2), and the F1 of female (1) x male (2) animals], of sex, age (6 or 13 months respectively), and of shearing status (shortly before shearing and 4 weeks after shearing). In all genetic constructions the male, older and shorn animals had a significantly higher (alpha less than 0.05) blood level of glutathione. As compared to the initial breed, the glutathione content in the blood of the F1 animals was significantly higher.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Selenium concentration in the blood and wool and glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood of three breeds of sheep.

The activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in whole blood and the selenium concentrations in whole blood and wool were measured in samples taken from 15 Scottish Blackface, 16 Welsh Mountain and 16 Finnish landrace sheep. Blood selenium sheep had almost twice the GSH-Px activity and blood selenium concentration of the other two breeds (P less than 0.001). Wool selenium concentrations of the three breeds were not significantly different. Blood selenium concentration and GSH-Px activity were highly correlated (r = 0.8, P less than 0.01) but wool selenium concentration was not significantly correlated with either of these measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dietary lasalocid on coccidial oocyst numbers, feedlot performance and wool growth of lambs.

The effectiveness of lasalocid as a coccidiostat in wool producing feedlot lambs was investigated. Significantly lower (P less than 0,001) oocyst numbers were obtained with the lasalocid diet as opposed to the controls receiving no lasalocid. No significant differences were found with regard to wool growth and related properties such as staple length, crimp, fibre thickness, clean yield and clean wool weight. The lasalocid diet improved the efficiency of feed utilization by 6%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

[Sheep wool granuloma].

INTRODUCTION: We report the unusual case of cutaneous foreign body granulomas provoked by sheep wool. CASE REPORT: A 45-years old woman presented within one year two episodes of a papular eruption on her neck and limbs. She was working as a farmer's wife and each episode occurred after preparing the ewes for coupling. She had to keep a tight hold on the ewes while the farmer introduced warm and moist compresses in the genitals of the animals. Each diseased skin area was closely related to the tight contact with the sheep's wool and on histological slides each granuloma was centered by a tiny ply of wool. DISCUSSION: This foreign body reaction may be compared to the trichogranulomas of hairdressers. In sheep breeders this occupational practice is very usual and one may wonder why this type of reaction seems so rare.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The nylon wool adherence marker of the B cell lineage appears at the resting pre-B cell stage.

The proliferative state of functionally defined populations of size-separated pre-B cells was investigated. The results presented here support the hypothesis that pre-B cells are in the G2 phase when stable membrane IgM is first expressed. Small resting precursor cells significantly adhere to nylon wool columns, unlike larger cycling cells which can be enriched in the nonadherent fraction. These results suggest that the nylon wool "receptor' is a useful early B cell marker. Since the in vitro recruitment of both cycling and resting precursors was shown to be essentially dependent on agar mitogen(s), cumulative data suggest that the receptors for agar mitogen(s) appear shortly before surface IgM on proliferating pre-B cells. Nylon wool adherence potential develops next on their resting progeny, followed by full lipopolysaccharide reactivity as cells further mature.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Chemical Interactions of Ultraviolet Light with Wool Fiber Surfaces

The surface compositions, chemistry, and wettability of wool fiber fabrics in both native and UV-exposed states have been investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows surface oxygen levels of 10-12 at.% for native wool, which increase to as much as 27.5 at.% on UV exposure. Investigation of C1s and S2p photoelectron line energies shows this increase to be due largely to oxidative cleavage of native disulfide bonds to form sulfonic acid groups together with some formation of COOH/COOR on the wool fiber surfaces. A quantitative relationship is demonstrated between surface chemical states and water wettability. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Categorization and nomenclature of vitreous silicate wools.

There is substantial interest among government agencies in categorizing fibers for hazard classification purposes, particularly the commercially important synthetic vitreous fibers (e.g., rock wool, slag wool, glass wool, and refractory ceramic fibers). The intent of this categorization is to partition the population of fibers into distinct categories, which are mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive, easy to understand and implement, and homogeneous with respect to potential biological activity. This paper identifies criteria for categorization, summarizes historical systems for categorization (e.g., by origin, chemistry and structure, physical form and morphology, and application), analyzes the current categorization schemes used by the European Community (EC) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and proposes an improved partitioning method based upon biopersistence/durability. The proposed basis for categorization incorporates the best features of the EC and IARC methods, eliminates some of their inconsistencies, exploits available knowledge of fiber toxicology (much of which was developed in recent years), and is practical to implement.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Isolation of human T lymphocytes: comparison between nylon wool filtration and rosetting with neuraminidase (VCN) and 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC).

Isolation of human T lymphocytes by rosetting with SRBC, centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and lysis of SRBC, which reportedly affects the functional activities of lymphocytes, was compared to isolation of T lymphocytes by filtration through a nylon wool column. The two methods were similar in yields and purity of T lymphocytes. No selective loss of T cell subpopulations was found in T lymphocytes isolated by filtration through a nylon wool column as judged by the percentage of T gamma and T micron and the suppressor and helper activity in functional assays. Therefore, filtration through a nylon wool column is a useful method to purify T lymphocytes and has the advantage of being comparatively simple and quick to perform and of avoiding manipulations which may affect the functional activity of T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Glass wool column filtration versus mini-Percoll gradient for processing poor quality semen samples.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality and number of spermatozoa recovered from laboratory-induced severe oligozoospermic specimens processed by mini-Percoll gradient and glass wool column filtration. DESIGN: Both sperm-processing procedures were compared in similar sperm samples adjusted to contain equal low numbers of motile spermatozoa using either dilution (oligozoospermia) or with the addition of killed sperm (oligoasthenozoospermia). The spermatozoa processed by both procedures samples were evaluated for motility, response to hypo-osmotic swelling test, and the hemizona assay. PATIENTS: Five healthy fertile sperm donors. SETTING: Private Andrology Laboratory and University Hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sperm motility, hypo-osmotic swelling test, and hemizona assay results determined the efficacy of the sperm-processing procedures. RESULTS: The concentration of sperm recovered after both procedures was not affected by either preparation or processing methods. Glass wool-processed sperm had higher motility in oligoasthenozoospermic samples, bound tightly to hemizonae in higher mean numbers, and demonstrated a higher percentage of membrane-intact spermatozoa in oligozoospermic samples. CONCLUSION: Laboratory-prepared oligozoospermic samples subjected to glass wool filtration yielded more functionally intact spermatozoa than mini-Percoll gradient processing.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1989

Human sperm selection by glass wool filtration and two-layer, discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation.

Glass wool filtration and two-layer, discontinuous Percoll (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) density gradient centrifugation resulted in an average recovery of 50% to 70% of the progressively motile and about 50% of the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS)-positive spermatozoa. Glass wool filtration tended to be more successful than Percoll centrifugation when the ejaculates were asthenozoospermic or produced a suspect/abnormal HOS test. After selection, the acrosin activity increased approximately two- to threefold, but no significant improvement in the percentage of normal sperm forms occurred. Experiments with mixtures of untreated and frozen-thawed ejaculates confirmed that glass wool filtration is more effective in removing nonmotile and HOS-negative spermatozoa than the two-layer Percoll centrifugation technique when the percentage of these types of spermatozoa in the ejaculate is high. The simplicity of these techniques and the good recovery of apparently viable spermatozoa makes these methods more desirable than other, more complicated techniques or procedures that yield a lower recovery of motile spermatozoa.

Cell Separation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optic disk edema with cotton-wool spots.

A 43-year-old man with high blood pressure developed visual loss in his left eye. He was found to have bilateral disk edema with cotton wool spots present in the temporal arcades and peripapillary hemorrhages. The presence of the cotton wool spots in the arcades is highly suggestive of hypertension as the etiology of the disk edema. The pathophysiology of cotton wool spots (inner retinal ischemic spots) due to focal ischemia from occlusion of terminal retinal arterioles is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Risk factors for cotton-wool spots and for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

PURPOSE: To investigate the risk factors for cotton-wool spots and for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 453 consecutive male patients with a positive serodiagnosis for HIV. The possible risk factors of age, race, absolute T-lymphocyte CD4+ count, and mode of HIV acquisition were evaluated. RESULTS: Age and race were not significant predictors of either cotton-wool spots or cytomegalovirus retinitis. Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were the strongest predictor of both types of retinopathy. After adjustment for CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by logistic regression, patients who had acquired HIV through homosexual or bisexual activity were more likely to have cotton-wool spots (odds ratio, 2.09; P = 0.029) and cytomegalovirus retinitis (odds ratio, 4.14; P = 0.0028) than were patients who had acquired the disease intravenously. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the ocular manifestations of HIV infection are associated with low CD4+ counts and HIV acquisition through bisexual or homosexual activity. Patients with these risks factors should be targeted for prophylaxis and prevention strategies for cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Investigation on the biodurability of chemically different stone wool fibres.

The biodurability is one of the essential factors for a carcinogenic potential of mineral fibres. The in vivo solubility of commercial fibre products can be influenced by modifications of the chemical composition. Two types of experimental stone wool samples with new chemical composition were compared to a commercial stone wool sample. Sized fractions of these samples with median lengths of 7.1, 9.3 and 6.7 microns, respectively, and median diameters of 0.76, 1.02 and 0.63 microns, respectively, were intratracheally instilled into female Wistar rats with a single dose of 2 mg in 0.3 ml. 5 animals per group were sacrificed after 2 days, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. After low-temperature ashing of the lungs about 1,000 fibres per group and sacrifice date were analysed in SEM for length and diameter. The number of fibres in the total lung was calculated. An analysis of fibre number of different length and diameter fractions was used to estimate whether dissolution, breakage or mechanical clearance is responsible for the elimination of fibres from the lung. Results indicate that the breakage of fibres with length above 20 microns and the dissolution of fibres was faster in the experimental stone wool samples compared to the commercial sample.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evidence of a unique developmental mechanism specifying both wool follicle density and fibre size in sheep selected for single skin and fleece characters.

Skin and fleece traits have been characterized in four lines of Merino sheep selected for high- and low-fibre diameter (D +/-) and staple length (L +/-) from a medium-woolled flock. Over a period of 20 years, each line responded in the desired direction, producing fleeces composed of thick or thin fibres and long or short wool staples. However, variations in the amounts of wool grown that might be expected from these procedures were compensated by changes in unselected characters. Thus a predicted difference in fleece weights between high and low staple length lines was reduced by an increase in fibre crimp frequency in L- sheep. Similarly, changes induced in fibre diameter in the D lines resulted in small effects on fleece weight in comparison to the large (and inverse) effects on follicle numbers. Towards the end of the selection regime, mean follicle density in D- sheep was twice that of D+ sheep. This intriguing response within the follicle population was examined further: an analysis of the relationship between follicle density and fibre diameter amongst the four lines revealed a highly significant, negative linear correlation. The implication of this statistical association is that the numbers of follicles initiated in skin during foetal life had a direct bearing on the sizes of wool fibres eventually produced. It was concluded that both features must be under the control of a single developmental mechanism. Since the expression of each of the characters is separated in time, the mechanism must be activated during the earlier event, i.e. at or before the phase of follicle initiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Amino acid sequences of peptides from a tryptic digest of a urea-soluble protein fraction (U.S.3) from oxidized wool.

1. A tryptic digest of the protein fraction U.S.3 from oxidized wool has been separated into 32 peptide fractions by cation-exchange resin chromatography. 2. Most of these fractions have been resolved into their component peptides by a combination of the techniques of cation-exchange resin chromatography, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. 3. The amino acid compositions of 58 of the peptides in the digest present in the largest amounts have been determined. 4. The amino acid sequences of 38 of these have been completely elucidated and those of six others partially derived. 5. These findings indicate that the parent protein in wool from which the protein fraction U.S.3 is derived has a minimum molecular weight of 74000. 6. The structures of wool proteins are discussed in the light of the peptide sequences determined, and, in particular, of those sequences in fraction U.S.3 that could not be elucidated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibodies to a subfraction of merino wool high-tyrosine proteins.

Monoclonal antibodies were prepared which react with members of the high-tyrosine type proteins from Merino wool. Specificity was confirmed by the use of Western transfer immunoassays and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on purified fractions. Immunofluorescent staining of sections of wool follicles using the antibodies showed that the proteins were present in the developing wool shaft but that staining was asymmetric, indicating specific location of the proteins in the orthocortex of the fibres. Immunogold-electron microscopy confirmed that one of the antibodies bound to the keratin microfibril bundles.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Study of inflammatory responses to crocidolite and basalt wool in the rat lung.

The subacute effects of crocidolite and basalt wool dusts were studied by nmeans of biochemical, morphological. and histological methods 1 and .3 mo after intrabronchial instillation. The cell count, protein and phospholipid contents, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Both types of fibers induced a prolonged inflammatory reaction in the lung. All the parameters studied in the experimental groups were more markedly elevated after 3 mo. Relative to the control, the protein and LDH values were increased three- to fivefold, the phospholipid content twofold, and the number of free cells in the BAL exceeded the control level up to ninefold. The inflammatory responses to crocidolite and basalt wool in the lung did not differ significantly. In spite of this, basalt wool is recoinmended as an asbestos substitute, as the use of this man-nade fiber may result in a significantly lower release of dust than that from crocidolite.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Simulation of past exposure in slag wool production.

A survey of the working conditions at a Danish slag wool production factory during the early technological phase in the 1940s is presented. No exposure data, however, are available for that period. So, a full-scale simulation of the past production of slag wool has been performed. Air monitoring was carried out in the working area around the cupola furnace. The aim was to measure exposure to air pollutants other than fibres. Such exposure might have confounded a possible association between lung cancer and exposure to fibres, in the early technological phase of slag wool production. The simulation experiment demonstrated exposure to PAH, a known lung carcinogen. The effect of other concurrent exposures is difficult to assess. Time-weighted average concentrations of particulate material ranged between 12.9 and 49.1 mg m-3 at the upper decks around the cupola. Corresponding concentrations of the dominant metals zinc and lead were 4.4-22.7 mg Zn m-3 and 0.9-4.7 mg Pb m-3. Significant concentrations of PAH up to 269 micrograms PAH m-3 (4 micrograms BaP m-3) occurred during ignition of the cupola furnace. The carbon monoxide level reached 270 ppm also during ignition.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗