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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Motor, volitional and behavioural disorders in schizophrenia. 2: The 'conflict of paradigms' hypothesis.

An alternative to the conventional separation of extrapyramidal and catatonic symptoms exists in the 'conflict of paradigms' hypothesis, which proposes that there is a relative rather than absolute distinction between the two. The hypothesis predicts that a clinical association should exist between extrapyramidal and catatonic symptoms in schizophrenia. After rating 75 schizophrenic patients, a highly significant correlation between scores on the two classes of disorder was indeed found. This was composed of separate correlations between tardive dyskinesia and 'positive' catatonic phenomena, and Parkinsonism and 'negative' catatonic phenomena. The associations were not easily attributable to confounding factors and they were supported by factor analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

PGC-1alpha genotype modifies the association of volitional energy expenditure with [OV0312]O2max.

UNLABELLED: Sedentary lifestyles are increasingly common and result in low cardiorespiratory fitness ([OV0312]O2max), a well-established predictor of early mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD). Adaptation in [OV0312]O2max after exercise training varies considerably between people. Because there are hereditary components to fitness, it is likely that genetic factors explain some of this variability. PPARGC1 (PGC-1alpha) coactivates genes involved in energy transduction and mitochondrial biogenesis. Transgenic mouse data demonstrate that overexpression of PGC-1alpha mRNA increases endurance capacity by transformation of nonoxidative to oxidative skeletal muscle tissue. Other murine studies demonstrate that exercise increases PGC-1alpha mRNA expression. PURPOSE: To explore whether a candidate polymorphism in the PGC-1alpha gene modifies the association between physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and predicted [OV0312]O2max ([OV0312]O2max.pred). METHOD: We examined whether the Gly482Ser polymorphism of PGC-1alpha modified the relationship between objectively measured PAEE and [OV0312]O2max.pred in a population-based sample of 599 healthy middle-aged people. PAEE was assessed using individual calibration with 4 d of heart rate monitoring. [OV0312]O2max.pred was measured during a submaximal exercise stress test on a bicycle ergometer. RESULTS: Homozygosity at the Ser482 allele was found in 12.7% of the cohort, whereas 38.9% and 48.4% carried the Gly482Gly and Gly482Ser genotypes, respectively. The association between PAEE and [OV0312]O2max.pred (mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was strongest in people homozygous for the Ser482 allele (beta = 12.03; P < 0.00001) compared with carriers of the Gly allele (beta = 5.61; P < 0.00001). In a recessive model for the Ser482 allele, the interaction between PAEE and genotype on [OV0312]O2max.pred (L x min(-1)) was highly significant (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that Ser482 homozygotes may be most capable of improving cardiorespiratory fitness when physically active, and that Gly482Ser may explain some of the between-person variance previously reported in cardiorespiratory adaptation after exercise training.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Transient improvement of writing tremor by holding breath in volition: a case report].

We report a 76-year-old Japanese woman who had tremor of her hand during writing. Her past and family histories were unremarkable. On neurological examination, there was no abnormal finding except the writing tremor and the postural tremor of her lips and jaw. Surface EMG studies revealed that regular grouped discharges, at a frequency of about 5 Hz, appeared in the wrist flexor and extensor muscles soon after she start writing; these grouped discharges were inhibited while holding breath. Her postural tremor improved after consumption of a small amount of alcohol, suggesting that she had essential tremor. Thus, she may be diagnosed as having a variant of essential tremor. On the other hand, this tremor may be interpreted as a variant of writer's cramp, since her writing tremor transiently improved when she hold breath, just like a trick. In patients with dystonia, it is well known that dystonic symptoms can be temporally ameliorated by geste movement like a "trick". Although the pathophysiological relationship between primary writing tremor and writer's cramp are unclear, the unique characters of this tremor may suggest that a focal task-specific tremor and essential tremor can co-exist.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Volitional postural dyskinesia with hypertrophic neuropathy].

Two cases of voluntary postural dyskinesia with hypertrophic neuropathy are reported. Electron-microscope studies revealed in one case a hypertrophic neuropathy with onion bulb formation, in the other axonal degeneration. The findings are compared with those of Pierre Marie-Boveri disease, of Roussy-Lévy disease and with the case of Salisachs and Lapresle (1973).

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of emotional-volitional traits in patients with ischemic heart disease in carrying out dietetic recommendations during long-term clinical observation].

The influence of subjective (individual) prerequisites on the possibility of long-term following anti-atherosclerotic diets by coronary patients was investigated. Basing on the examination of the patients they were divided into three groups: those who strictly kept the diet (I), patients who moderately violated the diet (II), and those who did not keep the diet at home (III). Specific psychological methods used in the study allowed differentiation of these groups of patients. A conclusion has been made on the relation between the capacity for keeping the diet and some psychological personality traits of coronary patients. The analysis of the results enabled the authors to reveal a complex of problems for prognosing the coronary patients' readiness to keep the diet at home. The data obtained may be conductive to a rise in the medicosocial adaptation of coronary patients to long-term diet therapy by means of directed psychotherapy.

Coronary Disease↗