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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Symbiotic effectiveness of bacteriocin producing and non-producing strains of Rhizobium in green gram (Vigna radiata).

Rhizobium strains nodulating green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were found to produce bacteriocin on modified Bergersen's medium and inhibited the growth of homologous Rhizobium strains. Four bacteriocin producing and four bacteriocin non-producing strains were compared for their effect on nodulation, in planta nitrogenase activity and plant dry weight of green gram. The bacteriocin producers formed more nodules in comparison to non-bacteriocin producers. However, the symbiotic effectiveness of bacteriocin producers was less in terms of plant dry weight in comparison to non-bacteriocin producers.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed2000

Isolation and characterization of allergens from the seeds of Vigna sinensis.

Allergenic components of cowpea vegetable green seeds (Vigna sinensis) were isolated based on solubility, isoelectric precipitation and molecular mass. The allergenicity of the cowpea fractions was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and skin-prick test. The allergenic albumin fraction was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and IgE-specific immunoblotting. The 41 and 55 kDa protein components were found to be major allergens and the allergenicity was resistant to heat and proteolytic enzyme digestion. This study confirms the presence of potent allergens in cowpea seeds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Growth, CO2 exchange rate and dry matter partitioning in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) grown under elevated CO2.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of anticipated future level of CO2 on growth and dry matter partitioning of mungbean (Vigna radiata). Plants were grown from seedlings to maturity inside the open top chamber under amhient CO2 (350 +/- 25 microL L(-1)) and elevated CO2 (600 +/- 50 microL L(-1)) at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (India). Plants were harvested at 20, 35 and 50 days after germination. Mungbean plants grown under elevated CO2 concentration resulted in greater photosynthetic rate on a leaflet area basis and no acclimation in photosynthesis was recorded due to high CO2. Plants grown under CO, enrichmcnt were taller and attained greater leaf area along with more dry matter than ambient CO2 grown plants at all growth stages. Response to high CO, depends upon the growth stage of the plant and it was more at early growth stages compared to maturity stages. The high CO2 grown mungbean plants also exhibited increased root growth along with stem and leaves. There was a substantial increase in pod number and seed number/plant under elevated CO2 conditions. The increase in dry matter and growth of root, stem and leaves proved that CO2 enrichment of the atmosphere can stimulate photosynthetic rate which can ultimately lead to an increase in dry matter and growth.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2002

Effect of phytohormone pretreatment on metabolic changes in Vigna radiata under salt stress.

Efficiency of pretreatment as foliar spray of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and kinetin (6-furfuryl aminopurine) each ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M in restoring the metabolic alterations imposed by NaCl salinity (E.C. value 4.0 m mhos/cm) was investigated in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Application of NaCl resulted in about 7% and 9% decrease in phenol content in mung bean leaf and root respectively. In leaf, NaCl caused 40% increase in polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity over the control set. This effect was accentuated in root, where salinity caused 200% increase in the enzyme activity. In leaf and root of mung-bean plant, ascorbic acid content decreased about 29% and 31% respectively under salinity stress as compared with control. Ascorbic acid oxidase enzyme activity increased under stress by about 55% and 23% respectively in leaf and root. It was noted that all the three growth regulators used in the present study were able to overcome to variable extents the adverse effects of stress imposed by NaCl solution.

Adenine↗
PubMed2002

Studies on phytotoxic effect of aluminium on growth and some morphological parameters of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.

Aluminium toxicity is a major deterrent for plant growth in acid soils below pH 5.0. This study deals with effect of aluminium toxicity on growth of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) seedlings. Seed germination (in %) declined with increased content of Al2(SO4)3, while promotive effect was observed at very low dosage. Different concentrations of aluminum sulphate salt were applied to mungbean seeds. Measurement of aluminium content in mungbean leaves was done through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Root length (root and hypocotyl length) and shoot length (shoot and epicotyl length) was measured at seven days old seedling stage. Different concentrations of Al2(SO4)3 were found to have significant effect both on shoot and root length. Leaf area, fresh and dry weight was significantly reduced. Increased stomatal frequency and trichome density with an increase in concentrations of Al2(S04)3 was observed through scanning electron microscope.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1992

[Nutritional and taste properties of canned cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). I. Effect of the canning process].

The effects of canning in brine on cowpea quality (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) were determined. Beans were steamed-blanched at 100 degrees C for 2 minutes, and then canned and autoclaved at 121 degrees C for 10 minutes. These samples were compared to home-cooked cowpea samples through physicochemical, sensory and biological analyses. Significant reductions (p < or = 0.01) in canned bean composition as to values for protein, carbohydrate and fiber were determined when compared to cooked samples. The available methionine content was identical for both processes, but canned beans produced higher values of available lysine than cooked ones. Values for Net Protein Ratio (NPR)--3.19 showed that canning did not affect protein quality of canned beans. These results were similar to the ones found in home-cooked cowpeas (2.96). According to physicochemical analyses, quantitative losses did not seem to affect protein quality, and acceptance of product was found to be satisfactory to tasters.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Nutritional and taste properties of canned cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. II. Effect of storage].

In order to evaluate the effects of storage on nutritional and sensory properties of canned cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a batch of 180 cans was stocked at room temperature (22 degrees C to 32 degrees C) for a period of six months. At intervals of 0, 30, 90 and 180 days, 26 samples collected randomly were submitted to physicochemical, sensory and biological analyses. Significant statistical reductions (p < or = 0.01 to p < or = 0.05) were observed due to storage time, having this significance increased for proteins after 90 days and for lipids after 30 days, as well as a decrease on the amino acid values, thus indicating the occurrence of chemical reactions, although acceptance of the product was found to be satisfactory throughout the whole experiment. No evidence was discovered of the presence of gas producer microorganisms. According to physicochemical analyses, quantitative losses in protein, lipids, available methionine and lysine did not seem to affect protein quality, in spite of a significant reduction (p < or = 0.01) in weight gain and Coefficient of Food Efficiency of samples stored for 180 days when compared to those freshly canned on day 0, though values for Net Protein Ratio (NPR) showed no discernible decrease; these data lead to the conclusion that canned cowpeas stored can be consumed without, restrictions, in spite of the slight decrease in biological value caused by the time of storage.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of sodium metabisulphite on germination, growth and yield of Vigna sinensis, Savi.

In the present study, the impact of sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5), a food preservative, on seed germination, growth and yield of Vigna sinensis, Savi has been evaluated. Observations clearly reveal the deleterious effect of Na2S2O5 on germination, stomatal development, stomatal index, chlorophyll content and yield. The shoot length exhibited a steady rise in length, while the biomass showed a gradual decrease with the increasing doses of Na2S2O5.

Biomass↗
PubMed2004

[Effects of methyl jasmonate treatment on the hydrolytic activity and phosphorylation level of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) hypocotyls].

Employing both protein kinase inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors to investigate the effect of MeJA (methyl jasmonate) on the H+-ATPase hydrolytic activity of plasma membrane, and the regulations involved with phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase after treatments with MeJA. 3 d-old etiolated mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings were harvested and the hypocotyls (1-2 cm in length) under the hook were used to prepare the plasma membrane vesicles by means of aqueous two-phase partition. Hydrolytic activities of plasma membrane H+-ATPase were determined in responding to the treatment with MeJA. H(+)-ATPase activity stimulated by MeJA and FC was up to 30%, and the combination of MeJA and FC did not show significant additive effect. The phosphatase inhibitors, okadaic acid and cantharidin, enhanced MeJA-induced increase of the enzyme activity to 60% and 50%, respectively. Staurosporine and cheleythrine, two inhibitors of protein kinase, abolished completely the stimulative effect of MeJA on PM H+-ATPase activity (Fig. 2). The results from gamma-(32)P tracer experiments showed that treatment with MeJA and FC increased the level of isotope labeling on PM H+-ATPase. Okadaic acid and cantharidin could enhance the labeling of gamma-(32)P on PM H+-ATPase induced by MeJA and FC. Both MeJA- and FC-induced increase in gamma-(32)P level were inhibited when cheleythrine was applied (Fig. 3). Ca2+ strongly stimulated the PM H+-ATPase and the increase of the enzyme activity was two times higher than that of the control. But Ca2+ had no enhancement of the enzyme activity induced by FC and MeJA. In the presence of Ca2+, Okadaic acid could increase the MeJA stimulation slightly, but cantharidin had not any significant effect on the enzyme activity. Staurosporine and cheleythrine showed no effect on MeJA-induced increase in PM H+-ATPase, and which activity was similar to the control after treatment with either inhibitor (Figs. 5, 6). The changes in hydrolytic activity of H+-ATPase stimulating by MeJA is probably related to reversible phosphorylation, and the protein kinase is Ca2+-independent, phosphatase is Ca2+-dependent.

Acetates↗
PubMed2006

Combined effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation and mineral nutrients on growth, biomass accumulation and yield characteristics of two cultivars of Vigna radiata L.

In a field experiment, the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation (simulating 20% ozone depletion at Allahabad, 20 degrees 47' N latitude) was studied on two cultivars of Vigna radiata L. with various levels of mineral nutrients (N and P). Study showed decrease in total biomass accumulation, harvest index, RSR and yield after exposure with enhanced level of UV-B. RGR and CGR also showed decline after exposure with UV-B. Application of recommended dose of mineral nutrients alleviated the deleterious effect of UV-B and increased plant dry matter vis a vis yield. Both cultivars showed sensitivity to UV-B but cultivar Malviya Janpriya was more responsive to UV-B than Malviya Jyoti.

Biomass↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A monomeric protein with hemagglutinating activity from seeds of Vigna mungo (Phaseolus mungo).

Black gram (Vigna mungo) seeds are shown to contain a lectin with certain unusual features. The lectin agglutinates only trypsinized red cells, and its sugar specificity is complex as none of the common sugars, oligosaccharides or complex polysaccharides exhibit any affinity for the lectin. The purified lectin has a molecular weight of 58 kDa and is a monomer. Unlike other plant lectins, antibodies to the P. mungo lectin do not exhibit any immunological cross reactivity. The clot forming ability of the lectin is unusual in that the clot once formed is rapidly disaggregated indicated that it induces, as yet undefined, certain membrane alterations.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ten antibiotics on the recovery of seed-borne Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp var. IT 825-2246-4.

The effect of ten different antibiotics: Amoxil, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Cloxacillin, Cotrimexazole, Erythromycin, Nitrofurantoin, Penicillin, Tetracycline and Vibramycin on the recovery of seed-borne Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and on percentage seed germination of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp var. IT 825-2246-4 at various temperature regimes: 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 35 degrees C and 40 degrees C were investigated using the Standard Blotter Method. Seeds were presoaked for 1 hour in each antibiotic at the concentration rate of 250mg/liter before plating on three layers of moist blotter papers in petri dishes. Seeds were incubated for 72 hours in temperature controlled incubators at the various temperature regimes. Seeds not treated with antibiotic served as control. In all the temperature regimes studied. Tetracycline was the most effective antibiotic in controlling the bacterium while Cotrimexazole was the least effective when compared with control. The highest percentage seed germination was recorded on seeds treated with Amoxil while the lowest percentage seed germination was recorded on seeds treated with Tetracycline. Generally, the temperature regimes used did not have any appreciable effect on the recovery of the bacterium and on percentage seed germination.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of high salt-soluble vicilin from mung bean (Vigna radiata).

We report a method for the purification of vicilin from mung bean (Vigna radiata) mainly on the basis of solubility of mung bean vicilin even in high salt. Mung bean vicilin remains in solution even after 90% relative saturation of ammonium sulphate. The resulting supernatant after dialysis was subjected to gel filtration (Sephadex G-150) to remove other contaminant polypeptides, and finally the protein was purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. This purified fraction exhibited 3 bands on SDS-PAGE compared with vicilin from other legumes which exhibite more than 3 bands generally. The results raise the possibility that the presence of the two small polypeptides in vicilin preparations is the breakdown product of the major larger one of mol.wt. 52 K and that vicilin may be a tetramer of four subunits of Mr 52000. That the high salt-soluble protein containing 52 K subunit is vicilin has been determined by several criteria.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Use of intrinsic antibiotic resistance for characterisation and identification of rhizobia from nodules of Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. and Phaseolus vulgaris (L).

Intrinsic resistance to low concentrations of antibiotics was used to characterise 83 isolates from nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Characterisation and differentiation of isolates from cowpea was made difficult by associated fast-growing bacteria inside the nodule tissue. Thus, reliable pure culture was difficult to secure without repeated isolation and even via nodulation of the appropriate homologous host. Although the technique may be satisfactory for differentiation and identification of fast-growing rhizobia, it is rated inferior to serology on aspects of facility, time and accuracy where rhizobia from cowpea nodules are concerned. Fingerprint patterns of isolates revealed considerable heterogeneity amongst the populations even where there was commonality of location and/or host plant. Pure cultures of slow-growing rhizobia from V. unguiculata nodules were generally more resistant to the concentrations of antibiotics used than fast-growing nodule bacteria from P. vulgaris.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Properties of a cyclic 3'5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase from Vigna mungo.

Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) partially purified from roots of Vigna mungo exhibited optimum activity at pH 5.5 to 6.0 and maximum enzyme activity at 50 degrees C. Levels of PDE activity in roots remained relatively constant from the first to the eleventh day after germination; on the twelfth day there was a 400% increase in PDE activity. The enzyme was stable for at least 48 hours at 28 degrees C, retaining 92% of its original activity. Plant growth hormones including gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid and kinetin at 1.0 and 10.0 microM concentrations did not have any significant effect on enzyme activity. Nucleotides tested including cyclic 2'3' AMP, cyclic 2'3' GMP completely abolished enzyme activity at 1.0mM while cyclic 3'5' GMP, cyclic 3'5' GMP, 2'deoxy 5' ATP, 2'deoxy 5'GTP and 5'ADP were also inhibitory to the enzyme. The enzyme was stimulated by Mg2+, Fe2+ and NH4+ while Cu2+ and Fe3+ were inhibitory. Theophylline, caffeine, phosphate, pyrophosphate and EDTA were inhibitory to the enzyme.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1986

Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor of Vigna unguiculata seeds--involvement of tyrosyls in its interaction with proteases.

When trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor of Vigna unguiculata seeds (black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor, BTCI) combines with beta-trysin, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.8, and 6.6 tyrosyl residues are shielded from reaction with N-acetylimidazole, at reagent/protein molar ratios of 60, 120, 200, 350 and 500, respectively. This may result from the presence of tyrosyl residues in the zone of contact between enzyme and inhibitor. In the interaction of BTCI and alpha-chymotrypsin, only 0.6 tyrosyl residues are shielded from the reaction with N-acetylimidazole, at a 500-fold reagent molar excess.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1988

Heat shock response of the chloroplast genome in Vigna sinensis.

The light-dependent protein synthesis occurring in chloroplasts isolated from the leaves of 7-day-old Vigna sinensis responded to heat shock with the induction of a set of four heat shock proteins (HSPs). The synthesis of these four HSPs at the elevated temperature was transcriptionally regulated, and all of them were found to be thylakoid membrane-bound. The synthesis of these chloroplast-coded HSPs was also observed in etioplasts during protein synthesis at the elevated temperatures with the exogenously added ATP. The in vivo induction of these plastid-coded HSPs was observed only in the leaves subjected to gradual increase in temperature but not in leaves subjected to rapid heat shock. Further, the in vitro synthesis of these plastid-coded HSPs was seen only in chloroplasts isolated from the control or from leaves subjected to gradual increase in temperature and not in chloroplasts isolated from leaves subjected to rapid heat shock. Taken together these observations suggest that in V. sinensis, the plastid genome contains a definite heat shock response and the in vivo expression of this response corresponds to the gradual rise in temperature normally occurring under field conditions.

Chloroplasts↗