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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Analysis of bovine udder, plate and viscera using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as an accurate and inexpensive alternative to conventional chemical analyses of nonconsumer bovine tissue. Udder, plate and visceral samples were collected from mature, Charolais-Angus and Hereford-Angus crossbred beef cows at slaughter, ground and analyzed for concentrations of lipid, protein and dry matter using standard AOAC chemical procedures. Samples were analyzed using NIRS. The collection of samples was randomly split into separate calibration and validation sets. Nine calibration equations representing each constituent and tissue combination were developed, using first- or second-order derivative mathematical transformations, and those calibration equations were validated. Correlation coefficients of calibration (R) and validation (r) ranged from .95 to .98 and from .87 to .97, respectively, for all analyses except plate dry matter (r = .77). Standard errors of calibration and prediction ranged from 1.89 to 5.81%. Results from this study are interpreted to indicate that bovine udder, plate and visceral tissue composition can be accurately, quickly and efficiently predicted using NIRS technology.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effect of composition of ruminally-infused short-chain fatty acids on net fluxes of nutrients across portal-drained viscera in underfed ewes.

Four ewes, each fitted with a rumen cannula and with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins, received continuous intrarumen infusions of water or of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA infusions were isoenergetic (83 kJ/h) and provided rumen molar proportions (acetate:propionate:butyrate) of 70:20:10, 50:40:10 or 50:20:30. The rumen SCFA production rate with the basal diet was 90.0, 23.1 and 8.8 mmol/h for acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively. Portal net fluxes indicated that 74, 67 and 22-30% of infused acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively, reached the portal vein. Portal net release of beta-hydroxybutyrate increased with SCFA infusions, irrespective of the amount of butyrate infused. Portal net release of lactate decreased with high-butyrate infusion. Portal net uptake of glucose increased with the SCFA infusions. In ewes infused with water, a portal net uptake of total amino acids (AA) was observed. SCFA infusions decreased the uptake of nonessential AA (glutamate, glycine, but not glutamine) and increased the net release of tyrosine and essential AA (isoleucine, leucine). Portal net fluxes of AA were similar with both high-acetate and high-propionate infusions. Lower net uptake of glutamine and net release of most essential AA and some nonessential AA were observed with the high-butyrate infusion. Energetic summation of portal net release was not significantly different between the three SCFA infusions, although it tended to be lower with high-butyrate infusion. This may be related to the higher trophic effect of butyrate on the digestive mucosa.

Acetates↗
PubMed2000

Estrous changes in responses of rat gracile nucleus neurons to stimulation of skin and pelvic viscera.

Multi- and single-unit recording was performed in the gracile nucleus in urethane-anesthetized rats to examine estrous variations in responses of its neurons to brushing the hindquarters and mechanical stimulation of the uterus, vaginal canal, cervix, and colon. Six rats each were studied in each of the four estrous stages: proestrus (P), estrus (E), metestrus (M), and diestrus (D). The magnitude of multi-unit responses to gentle brushing of the perineum, hip, and tail, but not the foot and leg, was significantly greater during proestrus than during other stages. Of 70 single units responsive to brush, 56 (80%) responded to stimulation of at least one viscus. Although this percentage did not change with estrous stage, the direction and latency of some responses did. Pressure on the cervix evoked significantly more inhibitory (vs excitatory) responses in P than in E and M, and the response latency was significantly longer in D and P than in E and M. The direction of response to vaginal distention did not change with estrous stage, but response latency was significantly longer in D than in P and E. Uterine distention evoked significantly more inhibitory responses in D than in P, with no estrous changes in latency. Responses to colon distention did not change. These variations in both magnitude of response to tactile stimulation and characteristics of response to stimulation of reproductive organs, but not the colon, correlate with changes in mating behaviors of the female rat, suggesting that the gracile nucleus is a component of neural systems that control reproductive behaviors.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1994

[Research on Atlas of Viscera].

Chinese ancient visceral atlas, or anatomical illustrations were derived from Taoist and medical schools through observation in cadavers. During the period from Five-Dynasties to Song, there were several works on visceral atlas, including Yanluo illustration, Atlas of Ou Xifan's visceral atlas of fidelity, Li Jung's Atlas. Among them, there exist relations of transmission-heredity, with gradual improvement. It seems likely that the visceral illustrations in Japanese Wan'an Prescription is the extant illustration of Ou's. After the advent of Atlas of Fidelity visceral atlas was differentiated into 3 different kinds of illustrations, as the Inner Picture (Neijing) of Mingtang Atlas; Neizhao Picture in pulsological works and visceral picture in physical Shenxing picture. Chinese visceral atlas was transmitted to Japan, Korea, Persia, and Europe and exerted some influence on cosmopolitan medicine.

China↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of ischemic lesions of the viscera in elderly patients with aorto-femoral atherosclerosis].

During the period from 1991 to 2000 161 patients with atherosclerosis of the aortic-femoral zone, aged over 60, underwent scheduled treatment in the vascular surgery department of the clinical regional hospital of the city of Yaroslavl. In 62 (38.5%) patients different pathology of the visceral arteries was revealed according to the diagnostic analysis. The chronic ischemic abdomen disease of the sub- and decompensated degree was revealed in 28 (45.2%) patients which had multiple lesions of the abdomen aorta visceral branches. 53 patients underwent different surgery. Postoperative hospital mortality rate was 9.4%. Good results were obtained in 79.2% of cases. There are many variants of reconstruction operative treatment of such disorders, but in patients aged over 70 the most appropriate one was the aortic-femoral reconstruction with a renewal of blood circulation in one, maximum two, affected visceral arteries. Today the priority is given to implantation of the beginning of arteria mesenterica inferior into the prosthesis and also to the aortic- or prosthesis-visceral autovein as grafting.

Abdomen↗