Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “UTAH”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sodium-lithium countertransport in erythrocytes of hypertension prone families in Utah.

Sodium-lithium countertransport was measured in July 1980-December 1982 in 841 persons from 48 Utah families prone to hypertension. Mean countertransport in 54 hypertensive adults (0.32 +/- 0.01 standard error of the mean) was significantly higher than in 511 normotensive adults (0.26 +/- 0.005, p less than 0.001) but with much overlap between the two groups. This difference was observed in both men and women. Only 26% of the subjects with essential hypertension had values above 0.40 (considered "high" by most other published reports). High values were seen in only 2% of 276 youths under age 18 years in contrast to 11% of the normotensive adults (p less than 0.001). Among normotensive adults, countertransport was higher in men than women, and correlated with weight, diastolic blood pressure, and age (all significant at p less than 0.01). None of these findings were seen in youths. In multivariate analyses, only weight continued to be significantly correlated with countertransport. The difference between countertransport levels in hypertensive vs. normotensive adults remained significant even after adjusting for weight. While confirming other reports of higher mean sodium-lithium countertransport in persons with essential hypertension, this study shows much overlap of values between groups and potential confounding effects of weight. When the authors compared their results with studies that show little overlap between hypertensive and normotensive adults, they found that the data for the normotensive adults in this study are similar to those reported in the other studies, but that the hypertensive adults include a larger percentage of individuals with low countertransport values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Physical activity, diet, and risk of colon cancer in Utah.

A population-based case-control study was used to assess the relations of physical activity and diet to the development of colon cancer in Utah. Data were obtained for a reference period of two years prior to interview for controls (204 females and 180 males) and two years prior to the date of diagnosis for cases (119 females and 110 males). Both leisure time and occupational activities were ascertained by level of intensity and were converted to calories expended per week for analysis. Dietary data were obtained from a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity and dietary data were divided into quartiles based upon the distribution in the study population for analyses. Total physical activity was protective against the development of colon cancer for both males (odds ratio (OR) = 0.70) and females (OR = 0.48) when high and low quartiles of activity were compared. Intense physical activity was the component of activity that had the greatest protective effect for males (OR = 0.27); a similar relation was seen for females (OR = 0.55). The observed relation between physical activity and colon cancer was not confounded by dietary intake of calories, fat, or protein, nor was the diet and colon cancer relation confounded by physical activity (odds ratios for calories, protein, and fat in males were 2.40, 2.57, and 2.18, respectively). Assessment of the interrelations among physical activity, diet, and colon cancer suggests that physical activity modifies colon cancer risk associated with diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Genetic heritability and common environmental components of resting and stressed blood pressures, lipids, and body mass index in Utah pedigrees and twins.

The relative contributions of genes and shared environment to cardiovascular risk factors were studied in twins and pedigrees in 1983-1985. Sitting, standing, isometric hand grip, bicycling, and mentally stressed (serial subtraction) blood pressures were obtained from 146 male monozygous twins, 162 male dizygous twins, and 1,102 healthy adults in 67 Utah pedigrees. Fasting total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and body mass index were also measured. Heritability was estimated before and after adjusting for 12 environmental variables (measures of socioeconomic status; personality types; exercise levels; use of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, etc.) by using age-adjusted twin intraclass correlations. These heritabilities were compared with those obtained from a variance components analysis of the pedigree data separating genetic and common household effects. Sitting and standing blood pressure heritability estimates were much higher from twin than from pedigree data (39-63% in twins vs. 16-22% in pedigrees), as were those for cholesterol and triglycerides (65 and 75% from twins vs. 42 and 37% from pedigrees) and body mass index (51 vs. 21%). Estimates were similar for heritability of HDL cholesterol (51 vs. 45%). Most of the stressed blood pressure heritabilities were similar to sitting blood pressure estimates. No common household effect (except for adjusted HDL cholesterol (24%), p less than 0.01) was statistically significant for the lipids, blood pressures, or body mass index. Environmental variables correlated much better in monozygous twins and spouses than in dizygous twins, brothers, or sisters. Spouse correlations for lipids, blood pressures, and body mass index were low, with a maximum of 0.12 (p less than 0.05) for HDL cholesterol. We conclude that genes contribute much more than shared environment to the well-recognized familial correlation of blood pressures, lipids, and body mass index.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Errors in reporting education on the death certificate: some findings for older male decedents from New York State and Utah.

This paper examines possible biases in death certificate data on education that may be used in studies of mortality and socioeconomic status. By means of a matching study conducted in 1987, self-reported education level in a large-scale survey (Cancer Prevention Study II) is compared with education as subsequently reported by next of kin on death certificates in upstate New York and in Utah. These are the only two states that presently have an education item on the certificates. In both state samples, agreement was highest for high school graduates and for those with graduate school education. Overall agreement was 68%, indicating serious problems in the accuracy of education reporting. Possible systematic biases in the new death certificate item on education are indicated.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Screening for musculoskeletal deviations--a challenge for the physical therapist. The Utah Study.

We conducted an on-site examination in selected middle and junior high schools in Utah to determine the incidence of selected musculoskeletal deviations. During a regular school year, we screened 4,670 children. The students we examined represented a random sample of students in the sixth through the ninth grades from a population of 81,047 students. Among the 2,192 boys and 2,478 girls examined, we noted a total of 10,551 postural deviations. Eighteen categories of deviations of the musculoskeletal system were examined visually. Lordosis was the most common postural deviation seen (45%), and torticollis was noted least commonly (0%). Scoliosis was noted in 7% of the total population, with a girl-boy ratio of 2:1. Both the lack of body postural awareness we observed among the children and the significant findings of this study should warrant initiation of more responsible educational programs in the public schools. An apparent need for a uniform statewide screening program was demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Root turnover and relocation in the soil profile in response to seasonal soil water variation in a natural stand of Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma).

Juniper species are noted for long-lived foliage, low and persistent gas exchange activity and drought tolerance. Because leaves and roots of the same species are thought to be similar in structure and life history, we hypothesized that Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little (Utah juniper) fine roots would reflect the persistent aboveground foliage characteristic of this species. We monitored fine roots, less than 1 mm in diameter, by minirhizotron imaging to a depth of 150 cm over two growing seasons from April 2002 to December 2003. We measured fine root numbers, lengths and diameters, and noted the time of birth and death of root segments. We correlated our root data with soil water potential measured by thermocouple psychrometry and ecosystem evapotranspiration measured by ecosystem eddy flux. Median fine root lifespan, determined by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method, was about one year, much less than foliage lifespan estimates of more than five years. Yet, roots of juniper live much longer than those of other Great Basin species. The median survivorship of shallow and deep roots was 144 and 448 days, respectively. Production of new roots was observed during periods of favorable soil water potential and there was a seasonal progression of increased new roots and root length during the warm season toward lower soil depths with root loss in the upper soil layers. This was also reflected in water extraction which progressed to greater soil depths later in the warm season. Aboveground, rates of ecosystem evapotranspiration decreased with decreasing soil water potentials in a similar manner in both 2002 and 2003, reflecting the relocation of roots to available water at depth. Juniper exhibited a flexible root depth distribution throughout the 20 months of this study, indicating the potential to respond to shifting soil water resources despite long fine root lifespans.

Climate↗
PubMed1990

Interactions between diabetes and family history of coronary heart disease and other risk factors for coronary heart disease among adults with diabetes in Utah.

We used a unique data base containing medical family history information from representative Utah families to investigate interactions between diabetes and family history of coronary heart disease and other risk factors for coronary heart disease. We compared nonrelated individuals reported to have had diabetes mellitus diagnosed over the age of 19 (948) with 2150 nondiabetic individuals. Among both men and women, diabetes and family history of early coronary heart disease magnified the risk for coronary heart disease, so that in diabetic individuals with a positive family history of coronary heart disease, about 74% of the coronary heart disease could be attributed to interaction. Relative to nondiabetics without a family history of early coronary heart disease, nondiabetics with family history had a relative risk of 4.5 (2.3-8.7), diabetics without a family history had a relative risk of 2.8 (1.6-4.9), and diabetics with a family history had a relative risk of 21.3 (9.1-50.0). Smoking also interacted with diabetes; among smoking diabetics, 47% of early heart disease may be attributable to interaction between smoking and diabetes. Smoking entailed the highest risk for diabetic women. Hypertension and diabetes appeared to act additively, with little interaction. Among women, family history of diabetes was a risk factor for coronary heart disease with a relative risk of 2.5 (1.0-6.4), whereas for men the relative risk was estimated to be 0.4 (0.2-1.1).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease predict the development of diabetes among Utah families.

In 1989, we sent a medical follow-up questionnaire to 2,728 members of 98 Utah families originally screened from 1980 to 1983 in the Cardiovascular Genetics Research Clinic. The response rate was 69.9%. Of 1,134 nondiabetic individuals initially age 18 or older who returned the questionnaire, 10 were found to be newly diagnosed with diabetes. The incidence of diabetes was higher among individuals who were found at baseline to have central obesity, lipid abnormalities, especially increased triglyceride levels, and hypertension. Family histories of coronary heart disease and diabetes were not related to the development of diabetes. Our findings that cardiovascular disease risk factors predict the development of diabetes in this relatively young, Caucasian population are consistent with the results of studies from several different populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Behavioral factors explaining the low risk for cervical carcinoma in Utah Mormon women.

We used data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Utah from 1984 to 1987 to determine whether the low incidence of cervical carcinoma in Mormon women can be explained by adherence to their religious teachings, which proscribe smoking and extramarital sexual relations. Mormon women had substantially lower risk for cervical carcinoma than non-Mormons [odds ratio (OR) = 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28-0.54]; this low risk was confined to those who attended church frequently. The protective effect disappeared after controlling for differences in age, sexual behavior, and smoking (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.80-1.87).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of Utah hospital CEO turnover between 1973-1987 and 1988-1992.

This 1988-1992 study follows up on research on Utah hospital CEO turnover between 1973-1987. For both periods, the highest turnover rate was transfer/promotion, followed by force out, retirement, death, and quitting. There was one change: For-profits had significantly higher turnover than nonprofits. For both periods, the lowest rates of turnover and involuntary turnover were in the largest hospitals, all urban, all but one in a multihospital system, and one for-profit.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1983

90Sr and 137Cs in soil and biota of fallout areas in southern Nevada and Utah.

Measurements of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil, vegetation and small mammals were made periodically at sites in southern Nevada and Utah that were contaminated by radioactive fallout from nuclear detonations at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) as well as from global sources. Results from a survey in 1980 indicate that both of these fallout-derived radionuclides have remained primarily within the top 5-cm layer of undisturbed soil in these arid land areas. Trace amounts of 90Sr and 137Cs were measured in soil and biota samples. The 90Sr concentrations in jackrabbit and rodent bone samples in 1980 varied within the range of 2-8 pCi/g ash (equivalent to 0.4-1.6 pCi/g wet bone or 5-20 pCi/g Ca). The 137Cs concentrations in muscle-tissue samples were generally less than 1.5 pCi/g ash (less than 0.045 pCi/g wet muscle). Comparisons of data obtained periodically since the early 1950s show that measured concentrations of 90Sr in bone tissues have been highly variable in trace amounts, and that the concentration attenuation appears to be following radioactive decay of this radionuclide.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of risk for pre- and post-remediation of uranium mill tailings from vicinity properties in Monticello, Utah.

Pre- and post-remedial action dose rates were calculated on 101 Monticello, Utah, properties included in the Monticello Vicinity Property Remedial Action Project. Dose rates were calculated using the RESRAD computer code, which indicated that 98% of the effective dose equivalent was contributed by external gamma radiation and radon emanation. Radium concentrations in pCi g(-1) were averaged for pre- and post-remedial action measurements; point sources were not included in the averages. The volume of the deposit was also used in the dose calculation. In all cases the dose was reduced, and at 77 properties the dose was reduced to 0.30 mSv y(-1) (Department of Energy ALARA recommendation). A paired t-test showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) between the pre- and post-remedial action dose rates, The average cost remedial action, number of persons per household, number of properties remediated, and the reduction of cancer mortalities through remediation resulted in an approximate cost of 11,000,000 per life saved by remediation of mill tailings.

Environment↗
PubMed2000

Integration of nurse executives into executive level administration in Utah hospitals.

Nurse executives (NEs) in Utah acute care hospitals perceive that they are integrated into executive level administration. This perception is shared by NEs' career supporters and hinderers. To integrate NEs, influential colleagues used active methods, especially involvement. NEs add value to the administrative team by combining clinical and managerial expertise. NE integration is manifest in decision making, participation and interaction. Continued integration depends upon commitment from the chief executive officer (CEO), leadership in organizational change, addressing "glass ceiling" issues, and NEs' continuous demonstration of competence.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2006

Ancestry of beagles in lifespan studies of radionuclide toxicity at the University of Utah.

Analysis of the ancestry of the 1,262 lifespan beagles (LSB) entered into lifespan studies at the Radiobiology Division, University of Utah, beginning in 1952 and ending in 1980, indicated that about 97% of ancestor citations in the various pedigrees were of only 10 breeding animals (breeders) among breeders within the beagle colony. In turn, just 18 AKC-registered "champion" beagles from outside of this colony (founders) accounted for about 98% of all ancestor citations among founders for the LSB. We conclude from this study that the animals used in the lifespan radionuclide experiments can be considered to be somewhat genetically interrelated.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates collected during periods of increased acute rheumatic fever activity in Utah.

BACKGROUND: Salt Lake City, Utah has seen a continuing resurgence of rheumatic fever (RF) since 1985. METHODS: emm genotyping and multilocus sequence typing of streptococcal isolates from periods of increased RF activity were performed. RESULTS: Multiple genotypes were present during 1985 and 1998, two peak years of RF activity, and in 1992, a year with reduced RF activity. emm3 and emm18.1 were present in 1985 and 1998, but not in 1992. Two other emm types, 12 and L28, were significantly elevated in 1998 (a peak RF year) over 1992 (a non-peak RF year). Allelic profiles for the emm3 and emm18.1 isolates exhibited clonality. CONCLUSIONS: During years of increased RF activity multiple emm types, including emm18.1 and emm3, were circulating in the community. During a year of decreased RF activity, emm3 and emm18.1 genotypes were absent. The clonality of the emm3 and emm18.1 types suggests that specific clones of both types are important in the resurgence of RF during these peak years. Two other genotypes, emm12 and emmL28, may also be associated with the persistence of RF in the Salt Lake City, UT area.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Haloanaerobium alcaliphilum sp. nov., an anaerobic moderate halophile from the sediments of Great Salt Lake, Utah.

A strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from Great Salt Lake, Utah, sediments and designated GSLST (T = type strain). Strain GSLST grew optimally at pH 6.7 to 7.0 but had a very broad pH range for growth (pH 5.8 to 10.0). The optimum temperature for growth was 37 degrees C, and no growth occurred at 15 or 55 degrees C. The optimum salt concentration for growth was 10%. Strain GSLST required yeast extract and Trypticase peptone to ferment carbohydrates, pyruvate, and glycine betaine. Strain GSLST was resistant to penicillin, D-cycloserine, tetracycline, and streptomycin. The G + C content of this isolate was 31 mol%. The fermentation products from glucose utilization were acetate, butyrate, lactate, CO2, and H2, and in addition strain GSLST fermented glycine betaine to acetate and trimethylamine. All of these traits distinguish this organism from all previously described halophilic anaerobes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain GSLST was found to be similar to, but also significantly different from, the 16S rRNA sequences of Haloanaerobium salsugo and Haloanaerobium praevalens. Therefore, strain GSLST (= DSM 8275T) is described as a new species, Haloanaerobium alcaliphilum.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2000

Halorhabdus utahensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, extremely halophilic member of the Archaea from Great Salt Lake, Utah.

Strain AX-2T (T = type strain) was isolated from sediment of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. Optimal salinity for growth was 27% (w/v) NaCl and only a few carbohydrates supported growth of the strain. Strain AX-2T did not grow on complex substrates such as yeast extract or peptone. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that strain AX-2T was a member of the phyletic group defined by the family Halobacteriaceae, but there was a low degree of similarity to other members of this family. The polar lipid composition comprising phosphatidyl glycerol, the methylated derivative of diphosphatidyl glycerol, triglycosyl diethers and sulfated triglycosyl diethers, but not phosphatidyl glycerosulfate, was not identical to that of any other aerobic, halophilic species. On the basis of the data presented, it is proposed that strain AX-2T should be placed in a new taxon, for which the name Halorhabdus utahensis is appropriate. The type strain is strain AX-2T (= DSM 12940T).

Base Composition↗
PubMed1989

Inbreeding in the Utah Mormons: an evaluation of estimates based on pedigrees, isonymy, and migration matrices.

Using a computerized genealogical database, inbreeding coefficients were calculated for a sample of 435777 Utah Mormons. The population was divided into ten ten-year birth cohorts (1846-1945) and 22 geographic subdivisions in order to assess temporal and spatial variation in inbreeding. The average inbreeding coefficient for this population is 0.000 106. The average within-groups random kinship coefficient is 0.000 312, reflecting consanguinity avoidance. Random kinship matrices were formed by estimating the average kinship within each spatial subdivision and between all pairs of subdivisions. These matrices were compared statistically with kinship matrices previously estimated using migration matrices and isonymy data. The isonymy approach consistently overestimates random and total inbreeding as well as Wright's Fst. This can be attributed primarily to the assumption of monophyletic origin of surnames. The migration matrix method underestimates random inbreeding and Fst. This is due mainly to the assumption that outside immigrants are derived from a genetically homogeneous population. While the absolute values of the kinship coefficients estimated by each method differ substantially, the patterns of between-groups kinship coefficients given by each method are highly congruent. Logistic and linear regression analyses of 85,235 marriages demonstrate that consanguinity is significantly dependent upon year of marriage, geographic distance between husband's and wife's birthplaces, and the population size of husband's and wife's birthplaces.

Biometry↗