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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The female athlete triad: prevalence in military women.

The objective of this study was to define the prevalence of the female athlete triad, i.e., the simultaneous occurrence of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, in military women. A total of 423 active duty female soldiers participated in a three-part prospective, cross-sectional study. Part 1 entailed completing the Eating Disorder Inventory and a clinical interview with those women "at risk" for an eating disorder. Part 2 consisted of a clinical evaluation and laboratory studies of any woman with menstrual irregularities. Part 3 evaluated the bone mineral density of all women meeting the inclusion criteria for parts 1 and 2 using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Of the 423 active duty women who participated in the study, no subject exhibited the full female athlete triad. Thirty-three women (8%) had an eating disorder and 109 women (26%) were at risk for an eating disorder. Our results suggest that the female athlete triad is not a clinically significant problem for the Army.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Complete familial Currarino triad. Report of three cases in one family.

The Currarino triad is a unique complex of congenital caudal anomalies including anorectal malformation, sacral bone abnormality, and presacral mass. In this report, the authors describe three cases with the complete Currarino triad in a family. The authors treated a 30-year-old mother with an anterior sacral meningocele, her 1-year-old son with a combination of anterior sacral meningocele and dermoid cyst, and her 4-year-old daughter with an epidermoid cyst. These three patients had associated sacral agenesis and anorectal malformations. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing radiological and operative findings of complete familial Currarino triad in which a mother and her two children were affected.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

A large-scale categorization of sites in San Francisco Bay, USA, based on the sediment quality triad, toxicity identification evaluations, and gradient studies.

Sediment quality was assessed in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, using a two-tiered approach in which 111 sites were initially screened for sediment toxicity. Sites exhibiting toxicity were then resampled and analyzed for chemical contamination, recurrent toxicity, and, in some cases, benthic community impacts. Resulting data were compared with newly derived threshold values for each of the metrics in a triad-based weight-of-evidence evaluation. Sediment toxicity test results were compared with tolerance limits derived from reference site data, benthic community data were compared with threshold values for a relative benthic index based on the presence and abundance of pollution-tolerant and -sensitive taxa, and concentrations of chemicals and chemical mixtures were compared with sediment quality guideline-based thresholds. A total of 57 sites exceeded threshold values for at least one metric, and each site was categorized based on triad inferences. Nine sites were found to exhibit recurrent sediment toxicity associated with elevated contaminant concentrations, conditions that met program criteria for regulatory attention. Benthic community impacts were also observed at three of these sites, providing triad evidence of pollution-induced degradation. Multi- and univariate correlations indicated that chemical mixtures, heavy metals, chlordanes, and other organic compounds were associated with measured biological impacts in the Bay. Toxicity identification evaluations indicated that metals were responsible for pore-water toxicity to sea urchin larvae at two sites. Gradient studies indicated that the toxicity tests and benthic community metrics employed in the study predictably tracked concentrations of chemical mixtures in Bay sediments.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Influence of triiodothyronine and insulin on liver adenine nucleotide levels in portal triad-clamping rats].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of triiodothyronine(T3) and insulin on liver adenine nucleotide levels in portal triad-clamping rats. METHOD: A rat model of normothermic portal triad clamping was established to observe the influence of T3 and insulin on the contents of liver adenine nucleotides and survival rates. RESULT: The ATP levels and the 72 h-survival rate of T3 group were significantly higher than those of insulin group and saline group(P < 0.05). The blood glucose levels were obviously decreased and all the rats died within 6 hours postoperation in insulin group. CONCLUSIONS: T3 can improve hepatic energy metabolism after portal triad clamping and increase survival rate, whereas such effects were not found in insulin group.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed2002

[Long-term curative effects of suture plus proximal gastric vagotomy or triad-therapy for duodenal ulcer with acute perforation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term curative effects of suture plus proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) and suture plus triad-therapy (omeprazole, amoxycillin and flagyl taken orally) for the treatment of duodenal ulcer with acute perforation. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-nine patients with duodenal ulcer and acute perforation were treated with 2 different methods, respectively. Method A was suture plus PGV (group A, 153 cases), and method B was suture plus triad-therapy (group B, 176 cases). Follow-up was made by means of correspondence, outpatient reexamination and cooperation with local hospitals in 5 to 8 years after operation. The contents of follow-up included symptom acquisition (such as upper abdominal pain or distention, pyrosis, belch, acid regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea and conditions of living or working), gastroscopy and Helicobacter pylori (HP) detection. The curative effects were evaluated by the Visick scale. RESULTS: Three hundred and one patients were followed up (group A 142 and group B 159). According to the Visick scale, 97 (68.3%), 19 (13.4%), 13 (9.15%) and 13 (9.15%) patients in group A, and 31 (19.5%), 28 (17.6%), 24 (15.1%) and 76 (47.8%) in group B were classified as Visick I, II, III and IV respectively (Z = -9.818, P < 0.01). As for HP detection, there were 130 (91.5%) patients in group A and 94 (59.1%) in group B (chi(2) = 41.438, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term curative effects of suture plus PGV were superior to those of suture plus triad-therapy for duodenal ulcer with acute perforation although HP positive rate was higher in group A than in group B. HP infection is one of the etiological factors of duodenal ulcer. The increased excitability of the vagus nerve remains to play an important role in duodenal ulcer.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

The female athlete triad.

The female athlete triad is a syndrome consisting of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. The syndrome is increasing in prevalence as more women are participating in sports at a competitive level. Behaviors such as intense exercise or disordered eating patterns can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitarian-ovarian (HPO) axis, resulting in amenorrhea. Hypothalamic amenorrhea can lead to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Adolescents may particularly be at risk because it is during this crucial time that females attain their peak bone mass. Prevention of the female athlete triad through education and identification of athletes at risk may decrease the incidence of long-term deleterious consequences. Treatment of the female athlete triad is initially aimed at increasing caloric intake and decreasing physical activity until there is resumption of normal menses. Treatment of decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis in the adolescent population, however, is controversial, with new treatment modalities currently being investigated in order to aid in the management of this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial meningitis of an infant with Currarino triad.

Currarino triad is a rarely hereditary condition including: (1) an anorectal malformation, (2) an anterior sacral defect, and (3) a presacral mass. Autosomal dominant transmission is suggested. We reported one case of Currarino triad, who was a 3-month-old male with sacral dysgenesis, imperforated anus and enteric cyst. This case presented with acute lower limbs paralysis due to bacterial meningitis complicated with acute arachnoiditis. The diagnosis of this condition led to a work-up of his sibling, who was found to have an incomplete type. The purpose of this case is to emphasize that a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis and treatment of Currarino triad could prevent devastating complications.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of metabolic triad (25% polarizing solution, mildronat, preductal MR) in acute myocardial infarction].

The aim of the work was to study the effect of metabolic triad with different mechanisms of acting--high-dose Glucose-Insulin-Potassium--25% polarizing solution (25% glucose, 50 IU soluble insulin and 4% 144 ml KCL-GIK), mildronat, preductal MR on the functional condition of heart during the acute myocardial infarction. 20 patients from the main group and 20 from the control one have been under the study. Patients with diabetes and heavy forms of heart failure (killip class>2) were not included in the study. Evaluation of the functional condition of heart was based on ECG and echocardiography data received before and after the treatment. It was determined that the frequency of the rhythm disorder decreases in the conditions of metabolic triad as well as during the thrombolitic reperfusion. Average period of time for normalization of S-T segment elevation made up 5.4+/-1.8 days and 7.3+/-1.2 days in case of the control group. The received data make it relevant to include the complex metabolic triad for preventive purpose during the complications followed after the acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Carney's triad with recurrent gastric leiomyoblastoma.

The triad of gastric leiomyoblastoma, extra-adrenal paraganglioma, and pulmonary chondroma was first described by Carney in 1977. Fewer than 30 patients with this syndrome have since been reported. In most patients the initial lesion has been a gastric leiomyoblastoma. The patient we describe had recurrences of a gastric leiomyoblastoma 15 and 17 years, respectively, after the initial gastric resection. Subsequently, multiple pulmonary lesions were excised and confirmed to be chondromas, but no evidence of a paraganglioma has yet been identified. Gastric leiomyoblastomas in patients with Carney's triad frequently recur; however, the prognosis is quite favorable in contrast to that of sporadic cases. Whenever a patient with one of the classical lesions of Carney's triad is encountered, the possibility of this unusual syndrome should be considered. The evaluation and follow-up of these patients should include a search for the other two components.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic efficacy of the clinical-radiological-cytological triad in solid breast lumps: results of a second prospective study on 631 patients.

The clinical-radiological-cytological triad was used for diagnostic evaluation in 631 women over 30 years old with a solid breast lump, excluding clinically obvious cancers. All the lumps were subsequently removed surgically, except for 105 cases which spontaneously regressed within 2 months. 285 of the 526 nodules removed were cancers, and 162 of 285 (57%) did not exceed 20 mm in size. The sensitivity of the individual tests (physical examination, mammography and fine-needle aspiration cytology) of the malignant lumps was respectively 0.83, 0.73 and 0.60, and it increased to 0.95 when they were associated. Of the remaining 346 benign lumps the specificity of the three tests was respectively 0.60, 0.78 and 0.98. The predictive value of a positive response (certain or probable) to the three tests was 0.63, 0.74 and 0.94. The certain positive responses of cytology (131 of 285 cases) reached a predictive value of 1.00. The predictive value of a negative response for the three tests was respectively 0.81, 0.80 and 0.82; in the absence of positive responses, the predictive value for benignancy of the triad was 0.93 (177 of 190 cases). The systematic use of the diagnostic triad and the organizational platform allowed the clinicians to select malignant cases and plan inpatient/outpatient surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Identification and purification of a transverse tubule coupling protein which binds to the ryanodine receptor of terminal cisternae at the triad junction in skeletal muscle.

In fast twitch skeletal muscle, the signal for excitation-contraction coupling is transferred from transverse tubule across the triad junction; calcium is thereby released from the terminal cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum triggering muscle contraction. Recently, the feet structures of terminal cisternae, which bridge the gap at the triad junction, have been identified as the ryanodine receptor and in turn with the calcium release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum. The latter consists of an oligomer of a single high molecular weight polypeptide (Mr 360,000). This study attempts to identify the component in the transverse tubule which ligands with the foot structure to form the triad junction. The purified ryanodine receptor, derivatized with sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(p-azidosalicylimido)-1,3'-dithiopropionate (SASD), a thiol-cleavable, 125I-iodinatable, and photoactive probe, was shown to selectively cross-link to a protein with Mr of 71,000 in isolated transverse tubules. This coupling protein was purified from transverse tubule by solubilization with the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS) and then purified by sequential column chromatography. In the absence of sulfhydryl agents, the purified polypeptide has an Mr of 61,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A complementary approach using SASD was employed to confirm association of the coupling protein with the ryanodine receptor of terminal cisternae. We conclude that the transverse tubule coupling protein together with the ryanodine receptor (foot structure) is involved in the liganding between transverse tubule and terminal cisternae of sacroplasmic reticulum.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

[Saint's triad. Statistico-epidemiologic research and case contribution].

The results are reported of a systematic research conducted on 684 patients subjected to radiological examinations for the purpose of identifying the three pathologies that constitute Saint's triad in an attempt to contribute to the assessment of its real incidence. The investigation revealed 7 cases of Saint's triad (1.02%) and 86 cases of bifocal associations; 59 cholelithiasis + diverticulosis, 17 cholelithiasis + Hiatus hernia; 10 diverticulosis + hernia. The incidence of the triad was 4 times higher than expected as was revealed by a simple statistical calculation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Adaptive Behavior Scale Cognitive Triad: discrimination and classification of institutionalized mentally retarded adults.

The Leiter International Performance Scale, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, and the Cognitive Triad of the Adaptive Behavior Scale were used to assess the intellectual functioning of 77 institutionalized mentally retarded adults. On the basis of their IQs, 30 were categorized as profoundly, 21 as severely, and 16 as moderately retarded (10 were unclassifiable because the Leiter and Peabody yielded disparate scores). Discriminant analysis in which category membership was predicted on the basis of the Cognitive Triad measures (Economic Activity, Language Development, and Number and Time Concepts) correctly classified 78% of the cases. There were no instances in which profoundly and moderately retarded individuals were mutually misclassified. Results support the use of the Cognitive Triad as an alternative for classifying lower functioning retarded persons.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Enuresis, firesetting, and cruelty to animals: the significance of two thirds of this triad.

The full childhood triad of enuresis, firesetting, and cruelty to animals is seldom reported by patients in acute care psychiatric facilities. Two of the three elements have been reported with greater frequency and constitute useful diagnostic information. Literature on the triad has been reviewed and data from three studies have been presented. The authors concluded that a history of two thirds of the triad is significantly associated with aggressive behaviours directed against people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Effects competition and cooperation between two participants on a third one's heart rate, problem solving, and cognitive responses in triad].

Forty-two women's junior college students, healthy and aged 19 to 20 years, were divided into two (competitive or cooperative) groups, each consisting of seven triads. A problem solving task was given to each triad with two ("paired") participants instructed to be either competitive or cooperative. Mean heart rate during problem solving increased in both groups, but the degree of the heart rate increment showed significant differences as a function of group condition and position within triad. The heart rate of competitive participants increased more than the third ("isolated") one, while that of cooperative participants increased less. Analyses of the task performance and cognitive responses suggested that hyperarousal was induced in the isolated participant under the cooperative situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Triads and transverse tubules isolated from skeletal muscle contain high levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.

We measured the content of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules, and triads isolated from frog skeletal muscle, as well as in triads isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. We found that acid extracts of both transverse tubules and triads contained significant amounts of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, in the range of 300-400 pmol/mg of protein as determined by a radioreceptor assay, whereas no detectable amounts were found in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The identity of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the extracts was confirmed by comigration with [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate on polyethyleneimine-cellulose plates, and by phosphorylation to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate using the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase present in muscle extracts. These findings may have important physiological implications. First, the results indicate that the muscle plasma membrane regions differentiated as transverse tubules contain high amounts of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, suggesting that they might possess a high density of binding sites for this compound. Second, since inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate has been proposed as a chemical transmitter in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle, our finding that this second messenger is present in high density at the site of coupling may contribute to the understanding of its role in this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Hepatectomy including more than half of liver volume with intermittent portal triad occlusion.

INTRODUCTION: Liver resections over 50% of hepatic volume can be achieved with a low morbi-mortality, although occasionally they are followed by severe complications. Postoperative evolution and complications after this type of hepatic resections with intermittent occlusion of the portal triad have been studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 13 right hepatectomies, 5 enlarged right hepatectomies and 2 enlarged left hepatectomies were performed consecutively, with intraoperative ultrasound evaluation and intermittent portal triad occlusion. RESULTS: Maximum time of continuous hepatic hilum occlusion was 15 minutes, with a mean isquemia time of 25 +/- 8.6 minutes. Peak of disturbance of hepatic function was at 24 hours and recovered totally at 7th postoperative day. Nine of the 20 patients (45%) did not need intraoperative transfusion and the average of transfusion was 1.8 +/- 1.9 blood units. Four biliary leaks (20%), with no severe hepatic disfunction were observed during postoperative period, and there was no hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent portal triad occlusion during hepatic resections in more than 50% of liver volume is a safe surgical maneuver.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A Phospholipase with a Novel Catalytic Triad.

Catalytic triads are a long-standing paradigm of enzyme catalysis. By using a "matched mutation" approach, that is, a simultaneous exchange of the protein (through mutagenesis) and the substrate (through substitution of oxygen atoms by sulfur atoms) followed by enzyme kinetic analysis, a novel catalytic triad (see figure) with an unusual amino acid composition is now proposed for a phospholipase that fulfills a dual function in catalysis.

Journal Article↗