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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A new mode of pediatric emergency care: the emergency and rapid diagnosis center of the Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris].

Daily approach and management of routine emergencies at public hospital is often inconvenient. A new mode of welcome and management of surgical and medical pediatric emergencies undergone at the Enfants-Malades hospital, Paris. The concept of rapid diagnosis requires the permanent presence and competence of full responsible senior. Psychological consequences of urgent medical event is diminished. The rate of hospitalisation is dramatically reduced. Using computer and original adequate software increase the quality of services and supply many precise epidemiological informations previously bad known about routine pathology. 21162 patients were registered during the first year of functioning. Only 18% of medical pediatric emergencies and 12% of surgical and traumatological pediatric emergencies required hospitalisation. Those new concept and management of such pediatric emergency unit require special psychological and the technical training of nurses and determined medical staff.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1991

[A technical experimental model for esophageal anastomosis in rabbits].

This article has as its main objective to divulge the development and optimization of surgical-technical training procedures for pediatric surgeons required to correct esophageal atresias. Included are the esophageal anastomosis techniques used in New Zealand rabbits, proposed as an experimental model, to later be reproduced and therefore decrease morbiletality as a result of insufficient surgical in this field. The approach, diameter and consistency of the esophagus of the experimental model, shows very similar characteristics as those seen in the newborn with esophageal atresia.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

Personality factors in failure to adapt to the military.

As technical training costs increase in the military, it is increasingly important to identify and eliminate as soon as possible individuals unwilling or unable to adapt to the demands of the military. The present study compares three groups of enlisted personnel below the rank of E-4: a group having adjustment problems but motivated to remain in the military, a group having adjustment problems and seeking a discharge, and a well-adjusted group. Two scales of a personality inventory were found to differentiate the groups and suggest potential value for screening of military applicants.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Attitudes towards the profession of medical students of the University of Navarra].

A recent sounding hold among the medicine students of the Navarra University provided us sufficient information about some aspects of this profession and the evolution that might suffer through the career time. The enquiry used 534 students of different grades. The deep and the up-to-date technical training is considered a fundamental characteristic of the good professional though the hospital medicine is the most desirable working option. However, the improvement of the present sanitary situation pass obligatorily--as stated by the inquirees--by the impulse to the primary medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cognition of alterations on a facial form corrected by orthognathic surgery.

The purpose of this study was to investigate observer's cognition of alterations on a facial form corrected by orthognathic surgery. Subjects were twenty undergraduate students at a women's college, who had no technical training in dentistry before. The subjects ranged in age from 19 to 22. The computerized analytic system was used for the fixation points analysis of eye movement. Two test cards (55 x 65cm) were used as stimuli; one test card bearing two frontal facial photographs of a patient, preoperative and postoperative, the other test card bearing two lateral facial photographs of the same patient likewise. The patient showed asymmetrical mandibular prognathism, corrected by Obwegeser-Dal Pont osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy. Each subject's eye movement was analyzed for 10 seconds during presentation of each stimulus. Fixation points, characteristic points and saccadic eye movements were used as indices. Subjects' introspective comments showed that 70 percent (same person-a brother group) of the subjects recognized two faces as resembling. From eye movement analysis, it was identified that the same person-a brother group searched out precisely at areas which were corrected by orthognathic surgery. This group pointed out lips or chin as differences of facial features by the introspective comments. It was suggested that these subjects comparatively make much more of impression than different facial features themselves. It was clarified that simultaneous repositioning of maxilla and mandible maintained impression of a patient's face. In conclusion, if a dentofacial deformity of a patient's face is altered by orthognathic surgery, the similarity of the face can be maintained after the surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A noninstrumented quantitative test system and its application for determining cholesterol concentration in whole blood.

A novel noninstrumented technology has been developed for quantifying analytes of clinical interest in biological fluids. Application of this technology is exemplified by the development of a quantitative cholesterol test with performance equivalent to state-of-the-art instrumented methods. The assay chemistry combines two separate processes located in different areas of a test strip: enzymatic action on serum cholesterol to produce hydrogen peroxide (5 x 10 mm enzyme reagent pad) and quantification of the hydrogen peroxide (5 x 70 mm measurement region). Color bands are formed in the measurement area through the use of a redox-coupled indicator system. The height of the color band on the strip is directly proportional to the sample cholesterol concentration. A one-step cassette contains all components necessary to run the test and includes blood filtration and automatic sample measurement, so that unmeasured finger-stick whole-blood specimens can be analyzed by the non-technically trained user. The test is complete in less than 15 min, is read visually like a thermometer, and gives results that are in excellent correlation with established instrumented methods.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1988

[Medicolegal aspects of esthetic surgery].

The particular features of the contractual agreement binding patient and plastic surgeon are recalled. The obligation of the result appears to be distorted in the course of jurisprudence. The severity of the judgements means that great care must be taken in the management before, during and after the operation (study of the patient's motivations, informed consent, iconographic survey, technical equipment, postoperative care,...). The problem of competence and the technical training of the surgeon are also discussed.

Ear, External↗
PubMed1988

Technical intuition in system diagnosis, or accessing the libraries of the mind.

Expert diagnosticians draw upon rich, integrated structures of knowledge and associated action rules to achieve their prodigious performances. Studies in both medical diagnosis and electronic troubleshooting have revealed that it is particularized knowledge that plays a vital role for experts in both domains, not inexplicable powers of intuition. Advanced knowledge engineering methods have been developed and applied in a number of Air Force technical domains so that experts' mental databases and procedural libraries can be made explicit enough to serve as targets of instruction. Instructional principles have been derived from this knowledge engineering work and are guiding the development of a new generation of Air Force technical training systems. The training dictum is to teach from realistic cases so that theory of system operation and specialized solution methods are taught in tandem. The learning environments will further foster the welding of factual knowledge to action rules by providing "assisted laboratory" experiences via intelligent tutoring systems. In these environments, trainees can practice carrying out diagnoses on increasingly complex problems with the help of an articulate expert coach.

Expert Systems↗
PubMed1988

Simple method of intraoperative blood collection and reinfusion during aortic surgery.

The increasing fear of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and other blood-transmissible diseases and increasing blood-bank shortages prompted a study of the safety and feasibility of a commercially available hand-held unit for collecting and reinfusing blood. The device was used on nine patients undergoing aortic surgery and permitted a mean saving of 2.6 units of banked blood. The reinfusion of collected blood did not result in any coagulation disturbances or changes in renal function. The hemoglobin and platelet levels were comparable to those in a group of patients receiving only banked blood. The unit does not require additional personnel or technical training for its use. The authors conclude that this autotransfusion device is a safe and feasible method of reducing the requirement for banked blood during aortic surgery.

Aorta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Obstetrical anesthesia and resuscitation in Africa].

In Africa, the obstetrical risk is related to the difficulty to monitor the pregnancy during which obstetrical emergency may occur and will have to be treated by the practitioner with, sometimes, inadequate facilities. The authors examine the problems concerning successively the expectant mother, the foetus and the placenta. Then, they propose some solutions in the field of anesthesia and intensive care. The expectant mothers are exposed to the heat and sometimes are suffering from undernutrition, so it requires special attention when using anesthetics. In addition, they frequently present an increased morbidity:--universal diseases among which renovascular syndromes often lead to eclampsia and to abruptio placentae;--tropical diseases may raise problems either to anesthesia (sickle cell anemia, bilharziosis) or to intensive care (algid pernicious fever, malignant amebiasis). Children are subject to an increased stillbirth rate in accordance with pregnancy duration and with the intensive facilities available at the time of the birth. Either infective or mechanical complications may occur in placenta and they may cause some distress to both mother and foetus. With respect to all these cases, the authors examine the various analgesia methods for obstetrical purpose and point out their indications and contraindications. It seems that regional anesthesia is suitable for health posts without facilities. Peridural anesthesia is operative with a great number of situations but it requires some technical training. Then methods to monitor both mother and foetus are exposed. According to the available facilities, ways and means are given to solve problems of anesthesia: labour maternal complications (Mendelson's syndrome, eclampsia, obstetrical complications either mechanical and hemorrhagic) or secondary complications (bacterial or parasitic complications, renal insufficiency); foetal complications either during labour, or at birth, or after delivery.

Africa↗
PubMed1981

Requirements for laboratory animals in health programmes.

Laboratory animals are essential for the successful execution of many health programmes. A wide variety of animal models is used in the worldwide efforts to improve the control of various diseases, and in the basic research needed to improve health care. Biomedical programmes require specially-bred animals reared under controlled conditions, with close attention given to such factors as physical environment, nutrition, microbiological status, and genetic background. The need for a regular supply of appropriate animals has led to the development of a field of study known as laboratory animal science, and a speciality within veterinary medicine known as laboratory animal medicine. The importance of laboratory animals is recognized by the World Health Organization, which, in cooperation with other organizations, provides training, technical information, and consultative support in this field.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The evolution of occupational health and the role of government.

Concern for the protection of workers' health is not new to medicine. Physicians in the 1400's raised awareness among colleagues as to the need to prevent the diseases of employment in mines. Society has responded to increasing levels of evidence as to the relationships between disease and certain worksites by making employers accountable for the individual and social costs incurred by poor workplace hygiene. This has occurred by the development of workers' compensation and occupational health and safety regulatory programs. The impact of these efforts has been to significantly reduce occupational disease and safety problems in industry. Increasing resources have also been given to the training of physicians in occupational medicine and research into links between occupations and disease. Increasing pressure to reduce public spending and to deregulate are challenging government's ability to continue research, training, technical information distribution, consultation and regulatory cleanup efforts to improve work conditions and thus reduce the incidence of occupational safety and health problems.

Government↗
PubMed1995

[Development of traditional careers at new universities. The case of medicine].

In 1981, the educational system in Chile was diversified characterizing Universities, Professional Institutes and Technical Training Centers. The provincial seats of traditional Universities were transformed in independent universities, which strongly increased its number. A number of private universities also emerged. This strategy was quantitatively successful, duplicating the number of youngsters between 19 and 24 years old that were following superior studies (from 88 to 199 per 1,000) and duplicating the registers at higher education institutions (from 118,000 to 244,000). The quality of the education is a matter of concern at the present time. In the case of Medicine, the Medical Schools Association has proposed to the Higher Education Council an accreditation system for programs that pursue the M.D. degree, based on explicit standards for all medical schools. Considering that teaching, research, laboratory and library resources in Chile are limited, accreditation is even more important. The splitting relationship between Medical Schools and the Ministry of Health, whose establishments are used as training centers, is also worrisome. Finally the physician:inhabitant relationship in Chile is adequate for its development level (1:960). Its geographical distribution, however, is highly unsatisfactory (1:657 in Santiago and 1:2,200 in some Regions). The implementation of professional and economical incentives could reverse this situation.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1995

Workers, industry, and the control of information: silicosis and the Industrial Hygiene Foundation.

This essay focuses on the early history of industry and professional relationships around silicosis, the debilitating occupational lung disease, through a study of the role of the Industrial Health Foundation, an industry-sponsored group which has played a critical role in shaping the nation's agenda regarding industrial disease. From its start during the Depression, it has portrayed itself as an industry-sponsored agency that depended upon detached, disinterested professionals and experts to develop effective programs to address occupational disease. As an organization that brought together professional industrial hygienists, business groups, government officials, academics and researchers it serves as a means for understanding the intertwining of industrial and academic agendas. We explore some of the issues that arose regarding public policy and scientific investigations, asking: Under what conditions is it appropriate for professionals and scientists to work together with industrially sponsored organizations? What are the pressures that shape research questions, the range of possible solutions, and the control of scientific data? How can technically trained individuals avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest? At what point does the ostensibly disinterested goals of professionalism conflict with the self-interest of the sponsoring organizations?

Foundations↗
PubMed1994

Mosquito abatement district programs in the United States.

Mosquito abatement districts and vector control districts in the United States offer a wide variety of programs with emphasis on local problems. Management of these programs is the important factor. The various program elements, program administration, organizational structure, staffing, funding, public education, program evaluation, training, technical guidance, and preventive planning are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Medico-legal reflexes of nurse and technician activity in hemapheresis practice.

The Author analyzes the role of nurse and technician in an hemapheresis équipe. Juridical and medico-legal aspects are evaluated on the basis of civil law and specific regulations now in force. The active role of physician in effective control of the apheretic treatment and also in a continuous up to date information and technical training of auxiliary personnel is emphasized.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Infectious disease in dental practice--professional opportunities and obligations.

This article presents one author's view of the dentist's obligations to patients, to the community, to the profession, and to the principles of ethics in a highly troubling time of serious infectious diseases. It essentially is an optimistic view that, while the epidemic of AIDS will continue and tuberculosis may become a graver problem in certain health care settings, the dental profession possesses the education, ethical insights, and technical training needed to meet with grace and authority the challenges of practice in this era of infectious disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

The teacher-student relationship: the heart of nursing education.

This author has witnessed many nurses entering the university unhappy, feeling an outside pressure (e.g., the nursing profession) rather than a personal need, to do so. Nurses return to school often at great personal expense, adding one more role to an already full family and work life. Most nurses study part-time, and do not necessarily have the support of their peers in the workplace as they embark on this journey. A tradition of expecting authority, and a technical training background are added to the factors that create a profile which is not atypical of a returning-to-school nurse. Assisting these nurses to continue to grow and to flourish as nurses, as learners, and as persons involves a reframing of the process and the products of learning. Teaching must become a process of evoking possibilities and meaning for the individual student, while validating and using the richness of the experience that the student brings to the setting.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗