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243 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Anesthetic techniques for neutering 6- to 14-week-old kittens.

Forty-eight male and 48 female 6- to 14-week-old kittens were neutered by use of 4 anesthetic protocols. Preanesthetic disposition, depth of sedation, loss of resistance to handling, induction quality, induction time, sternal and stand times, and recovery quality were evaluated. Analgesia and muscle relaxation without supplemental inhalational anesthetics were evaluated in male kittens, and the time until extubation was recorded in female kittens. Intramuscular administration of tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ), midazolam/ketamine, atropine/midazolam/ketamine/butorphanol (AMKB), and atropine/midazolam/ketamine/oxymorphone (AMKO) produced rapid sedation and smooth induction into anesthesia. In male kittens, there were no significant differences in sedation, relaxation, induction time, or quality. Tiletamine/zolazepam administration induced the best analgesia, and midazolam/ketamine administration induced the least analgesia for castration. The recovery time in male kittens was longest with TZ and shortest with the opioid groups (AMKB, AMKO). In females, TZ produced significantly faster induction times, but the degree of sedation and relaxation after administration of injectable agents was not significantly different among the groups. More females given TZ could be intubated without supplemental inhalational agents than females in other groups. Extubation time was rapid in all groups, but the times until sternal and standing were significantly longer, and recovery quality was significantly poorer in females given TZ. In kittens given opioids, reversal of the opioid did not shorten recovery time or improve recovery quality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analgesia↗
PubMed1993

Telazol and xylazine anesthesia in sheep.

The analgesic and anesthetic effects of Telazol (13.2 mg/kg, IV) and xylazine (0.11 mg/kg, IV)-Telazol (13.2 mg/kg, IV) were evaluated in 6 sheep. Anesthesia was characterized by muscle relaxation and profound analgesia with both regimens, muscle relaxation appeared to be better in sheep receiving xylazine-Telazol. The duration of analgesia was significantly longer in sheep receiving xylazine-Telazol (101.7 +/- 26 minutes) than in sheep receiving Telazol alone (41.6 +/- 15 minutes). Changes in heart rate and respiration rate were transient with both regimens. Apnea occurred in 2 sheep immediately after xylazine-Telazol administration, requiring assisted ventilation, but both sheep resumed spontaneous breathing within 2 minutes. Arterial blood pressure decreased significantly at 45 and 60 minutes after xylazine-Telazol injection. Arousal to standing was smooth, but gradual with no significant difference between the two drug regimens. In conclusion, xylazine-Telazol combination produced better muscle relaxation and longer duration of anesthesia than Telazol alone. The adverse effects induced by xylazine-Telazol were similar to that of Telazol.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1993

Immobilization and anesthesia of two hand-reared zebras.

This report describes our experiences with 2 drug combinations that were used safely and effectively to immobilize and anesthetize 2 hand-reared zebras. Zebras were sedated with xylazine hydrochloride or detomidine. The latter is more potent and of more use in healthy, vigorous animals. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal/guaifenesin or tiletamine/zolazepam. The latter is more convenient because a quick, simple IV injection will preclude the necessity for physical restraint required to administer a large volume of guaifenesin/thiobarbiturate combination. Tracheal intubation was easily accomplished with either induction regimen, and inhalation anesthetic was used for longer periods of anesthesia.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1996

Immobilization of guanacos by use of tiletamine/zolazepam.

Adult male guanacos were immobilized by use of tiletamine/zolazepam. The effective dosage (mean +/- SD) was 5.0 +/- 1.1 mg/kg of body weight. Mean time from injection to immobilization was 7.3 minutes. Usually, immobilization was of sufficient duration (mean, 61 minutes) to allow guanacos to be weighed, measured, and to have ear tags inserted and blood samples collected. Adverse effects included twitching and rigidity of muscles, salivation, chewing movements, retching, vocalization, and stumbling during the recovery phase. All guanacos recovered without apparent complications.

Anesthetics, Dissociative↗
PubMed1996

Steady-state minute volume determination by body-only plethysmography in juvenile rhesus monkeys.

When one is using nonhuman primates for studying the inhalation of infective or toxic agents, a respiratory minute volume (MV) range of +/- 50 ml is desirable to ensure the accurate delivery of calculated doses of the aerosolized agent. When one is working with highly infective or toxic agents, it is desirable to anesthetize the animals and to separate the plethysmograph, used to measure MV, from the aerosol chamber, used to administer agents, in order to minimize decontamination procedures and to maximize safety. In our laboratory the sequential completion of these procedures requires at least 20 min. Therefore it is necessary to find an anesthetic that achieves a +/- 50 ml steady-state MV for at least 20 min and that does not change when an animal is transported from one apparatus to another. Using 2.6- to 4.0-kg, 14- to 18-month-old rhesus macaques, we determined that tiletamine/zolazepam induced a steady-state MV of 48 +/- 17.8 min, beginning 21.5 +/- 4.7 min after injection of the anesthetic agent. This MV did not significantly change when animals were transported. The use of ketamine and ketamine/acepromazine resulted in a steady-state MV period of 11.5 +/- 4.5 and 22.0 +/- 7.9 min respectively. When we compared these findings with previously reported mathematical estimations of MV based on functions of weight or respiratory rate, we further determined that the accurate measurement of MV before each aerosol exposure was critical for calculating inhaled doses of the agent.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1997

The impact of water temperature on core body temperature of North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) during simulated oil spill recovery washing protocols.

Ten North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) were anesthetized with Telazol and instrumented with ingestable radiotelemetry temperature sensors for measuring core body temperature. The otters were then subjected to a washing protocol to simulate rehabilitation following an oil spill contamination. This protocol consisted of a 30-min wash in a 1:16 dilution of dishwashing liquid using either cold (24 degrees C) water or water near baseline core body temperature (38.4 degrees C), followed by a 30-min rinse with water of the same temperature, followed by 10 min of forced hot air drying. Core body temperatures of the otters washed in cold water fell at a median rate of 0.1 degrees C/min, whereas otters washed in warm water maintained stable core temperatures until the completion of the protocol, at which time their core temperatures began to drop at a similar rate. Core temperatures restabilized in both groups, and no statistical difference in core temperature between groups remained 180 min after initiation of the protocol. Efforts to examine the efficacy of supplemental squalene administration to speed the recovery of fur condition and waterproofing were unsuccessful because the washing protocol did not cause loss of coat waterproofing in 8 of the 10 subjects.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1998

Health evaluation of free-ranging guanaco (Lama guanicoe).

Twenty free-ranging guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in Chubut Province, Argentina, were immobilized for health evaluations. All but two animals appeared to be in good condition. Hematology, serum chemistry, and vitamin and mineral levels were measured, and feces were evaluated for parasites. Serology tests included bluetongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncitial virus, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, equine herpesvirus 1, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Johne's disease (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis), foot and mouth disease, leptospirosis (17 serovars), parainfluenza-3, and vesicular stomatitis. Blood samples from 20 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) maintained in the same reserve with the guanaco were also collected at the same time for serology tests. No guanaco had positive serologic tests. Sheep were found to have antibody titers to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Johne's disease, leptospirosis, and parainfluenza-3. There was no apparent difference in external appearance or condition, or statistical difference in blood test values, between the animals that were positive or negative for parasite ova.

Analgesics, Opioid↗