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PubMed2025

Histology-Based Virtual RNA Inference Identifies Pathways Associated With Metastasis Risk in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health concern, with >150,000 new diagnoses and >50,000 deaths annually in the United States, underscoring an urgent need for improved screening, prognostication, disease management, and therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment (TME)-comprising cancerous and immune cells interacting within the tumor's spatial architecture-plays a critical role in disease progression and treatment outcomes, reinforcing its importance as a prognostic marker for metastasis and recurrence risk. However, traditional methods for TME characterization, such as bulk transcriptomics and multiplex protein assays, lack sufficient spatial resolution. Although spatial transcriptomics (ST) allows for the high-resolution mapping of whole transcriptomes at near-cellular resolution, current ST technologies (eg, Visium and Xenium) are limited by high costs, low throughput, and issues with reproducibility, preventing their widespread application in large-scale molecular epidemiology studies. In this study, we refined and implemented virtual RNA inference (VRI) to derive ST-level molecular information directly from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue images. Our VRI models were trained on the largest matched CRC ST data set to date, comprising 45 patients and >300,000 Visium spots from primary tumors. Using state-of-the-art deep learning models (UNI, ResNet-50, Vision Transformer, and Vision Mamba), we achieved a median Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.546 between predicted and measured spot-level expression. As validation, VRI-derived gene signatures linked to specific tissue regions (tumor, interface, submucosa, stroma, serosa, muscularis, and inflammation) showed strong concordance with signatures generated via direct ST, and VRI performed accurately in estimating cell-type proportions spatially from H&E slides. In an expanded CRC cohort controlling for tumor invasiveness and clinical factors, we further identified VRI-derived gene signatures significantly associated with key prognostic outcomes, including metastasis status. Although certain tumor-related pathways are not fully captured by histology alone, our findings highlight the ability of VRI to infer a wide range of "histology-associated" biological pathways at near-cellular resolution without requiring ST profiling. Future efforts will extend this framework to expand TME phenotyping from standard H&E tissue images, with the potential to accelerate translational CRC research at scale.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Pan-cancer analysis identifies GPRIN1 as a prognostic biomarker and promoter of cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (GPRIN1), an emerging modulator of GPCR signaling, has been implicated in oncogenesis. However, its comprehensive role across human cancers, particularly in reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), remains poorly characterized. We aimed to elucidate the pan-cancer significance of GPRIN1 in TME modulation and its therapeutic implications. METHODS: We analyzed multi-omics data from TCGA and other public databases, performing a systematic analysis of GPRIN1 regarding expression, prognosis, immune infiltration, and genomic instability across 33 cancer types. To validate these bioinformatic findings, we performed lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown in pancreatic (PANC-1) and hepatic (HepG2) cancer cells to assess proliferation and migration. Crucially, the clinical relevance of GPRIN1 was further validated in an independent cohort of pancreatic cancer patients (N = 17) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: The analysis identified a lineage-dependent expression pattern. Epithelial tumors exhibited upregulation, whereas glioblastoma samples displayed downregulation. GPRIN1 expression consistently correlated with immune subtypes and CD8+ T cell abundance. In vitro assays demonstrated that GPRIN1 depletion significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration (P < 0.0001). In the clinical validation cohort, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified high GPRIN1 protein levels as an independent predictor of post-operative recurrence. These patients also showed a trend toward extended overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings define GPRIN1 as a context-dependent regulator of the TME. By integrating computational and experimental data, this study supports GPRIN1 as a potential biomarker for risk assessment in pancreatic cancer.

Humans↗

PubMed2000

Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection with the technique of total mesorectal excision (TME). METHODS: From September 1993 to November 1998, 196 patients with rectal cancer from 3 to 12 cm from the anal verge were treated with low anterior resection with TME. The data were entered in a prospective manner, and the factors that might affect anastomotic leakage were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean level of anastomosis was 3.6 cm from the anal verge (range 1 to 5 cm). The leakage rate was 10.2%. Female gender (P = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 14.3; odds ratio 4.3) and presence of a diversion stoma (P = 0.01; 95% CI 1.4 to 14.2; odds ratio 4.5) were independent significant factors for lower anastomotic leakage. The absence of a stoma was associated with significantly increased leakage in male (P = 0.001) but not in female (P = 0.51) patients. CONCLUSIONS: With low anastomosis after low anterior resection with TME, diversion stoma construction should be performed routinely in men. In women, the need for diversion can be more selective.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

PREP1, MEIS1 homolog protein, regulates PF4 gene expression.

We have previously demonstrated that homeodomain proteins, MEIS1 and PBXs, transactivate the PF4 gene through the novel regulatory element termed TME. This study focuses on Pbx regulating protein 1 (PREP1), a MEIS1 homolog protein, for its transcriptional activity in the PF4 promoter. PREP1 binds to the TME in HEL cells. PREP1 was expressed in human megakaryocytes that differentiated from CD34(+) cells. EMSA shows that either PREP1 by itself or PREP1/PBX complexes bind to the two TGACAG motifs in the TME and activate the PF4 promoter. Furthermore, PREP1 and PREP1/PBX complexes synergistically activate the PF4 promoter with GATA-1 and ETS-1. These data demonstrate that PREP1 is also an important transcription factor that regulates PF4 gene expression such as MEIS1. Additionally, these data imply functional similarities and differences between PREP1 and MEIS1 in the regulation of PF4 gene expression.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Experimental infection of cattle with the agents of transmissible mink encephalopathy and scrapie.

Cattle are susceptible to experimental infection with the Stetsonville isolate of the transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) agent. To determine if they are susceptible to other TME isolates, two groups of calves were inoculated intracerebrally with homogenate of mink brain containing the Hayward isolate or the Blackfoot isolate. For comparison, a third group was inoculated with a brain homogenate from a steer infected with the Stetsonville isolate in its primary cattle passage and a fourth group was inoculated with a pool of brain homogenate from three cattle experimentally infected with a sheep and goat scrapie agent in its primary cattle passage. Clinical signs of neurological disease appeared in each steer of every group between 15 and 25 months after inoculation. An encephalopathy characterized by severe spongiform change and pronounced astrocytosis occurred in the three groups inoculated with the TME agent. In contrast, the neurohistological changes in the steers inoculated with the cattle-passaged scrapie agent were slight and subtle. Analysis of the octapeptide repeat region of the bovine protease-resistant protein (PrP) gene showed that variations in incubation period, clinical signs, and neurohistological changes were unrelated to the homozygous or heterozygous condition of six or six/five octapeptide repeats.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

1H NMR studies of tris(phenanthroline) metal complexes bound to oligonucleotides: structural characterizations via selective paramagnetic relaxation.

The selective paramagnetic relaxation of oligonucleotide protons of d(GTGCAC)2 by delta- and lambda-Ni(phen)3(3+) and delta- and lambda-Cr(phen)3(3+) has been examined to obtain some structural insight into the noncovalent binding of tris(phenanthroline) metal complexes to DNA. The experiments demonstrate that the relative rate of relaxation of different oligonucleotide protons by the paramagnetic metal complex varies with the chirality of the metal complex and, to a lesser extent, the metal charge. The proton most efficiently relaxed in all cases is the adenosine AH2, which is situated in the minor groove of the oligonucleotide helix. For both lambda-Ni(phen)3(2+) and lambda-Cr(phen)3(3+), the order of relaxation rates varies as AH2 much greater than AH8 greater than G3H8 = TMe = C4H5. For delta-Ni(phen)3(2+) it varies as AH2 greater than G3H8 greater than AH8 greater than TMe = C4H5 and for delta-Cr(phen)3(3+) as AH2 greater than TMe = G3H8 = AH8 greater than C4H5. Distances between the metal center and oligonucleotide protons were calculated on the basis of the relaxation data, and these distances were used to generate a set of models to describe the interactions of the rigid metal complex with the helix. For lambda-isomers, the data are consistent with a predominant surface-bound association in the minor groove of the DNA helix. The results of delta-isomers correlate better with models that incorporate also a major groove intercalative mode. Despite the absence of hydrogen-bonding groups in the metal complex, the surface-bound model of the phenanthroline complex in the minor groove of DNA resembles the noncovalent association seen with other DNA groove binding molecules.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1990

Antioxidant-based inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis. The discovery of 6-[1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1-propen-3-yl]-2,3-dihydro-5- benzofuranol, a potent topical antiinflammatory agent.

The leukotrienes, metabolites of arachidonic acid produced through the action of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, are important mediators of immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. Among the variety of diseases in which the leukotrienes may play a symptomatic or causative role is the dermatological condition psoriasis, a chronic proliferative disease of the skin. This study reports the synthesis and comparative biological activities of various ortho-substituted phenols including 4-methoxyphenols, 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzopyrans, 2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranols, and 5-benzofuranols. The phenols prepared in this study were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the production of leukotriene B4(LTB4) in isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and to inhibit a topical inflammatory response in the topical mouse ear (TME) model. In the former case, when the log IC50 was plotted versus the log of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P), to eliminate the effect of lipophilicity, the 2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranol ring system was shown to be more potent than the other ring systems examined throughout the range of partition coefficients studied. The ability to inhibit leukotriene production in vitro in human PMNs can be rationalized on the basis of a model that suggests that the observed inhibition is dependent on the kinetic ability of the inhibitor to reduce a radical species and on the fraction of inhibitor that is partitioned into the cell membrane. While the in vivo antiinflammatory activity as measured by the TME did not correlate with the in vitro data, it was felt that the TME represented a valuable measure of the ability of a compound to penetrate the skin to the site of an ongoing inflammatory response. Of the compounds synthesized in this study, 6-[1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1-propen-3-yl]-2,3-dihydro-5-benzof uranol (1, L-651896) was chosen for further development.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2004

Ozonolysis of tetramethylethylene: characterization of cyclic and open-chain oligoperoxidic products.

The ozonolysis of tetramethylethylene (TME) in solution to high conversion in nonparticipating solvents at -60 degrees C yields predominantly oligoperoxides. For the first time, these products have been characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) under soft ionization conditions. The predominant structure formed in reactions carried out in pentane (up to 2.0 M TME) is shown to be the cyclic hexamer of acetone carbonyl oxide (oligocarbonyl oxide with degree of polymerization, n = 6), but cyclic structures with n up to 19 are observed. A small proportion of the oligoperoxides formed are open-chain compounds with end groups that suggest that chain termination of oligocarbonyl oxides can occur through reaction with either water or hydrogen peroxide. Ozonolysis in dried butyl acetate similarly produces mainly cyclic oligoperoxides. However, ozonolyses carried out in undried butyl acetate yield mainly open-chain oligoperoxides, confirming that propagating carbonyl oxide chains are readily terminated by water. Relative amounts of the open-chain oligomers so-formed suggest that undried butyl acetate contains ca. 0.1% w/w water. The ozonolysis of TME in the participating solvent, methanol, at -60 degrees C yields 2-methoxyprop-2-yl hydroperoxide via reaction of acetone carbonyl oxide with methanol; no oligoperoxidic products are formed in this case.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

NH tautomerism in the natural chlorin derivatives.

The NH tautomerism of five Mg-free chlorophyll a and b derivatives 2-6 was studied utilizing NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The results from the dynamic NMR measurements of the chlorins revealed that substituent effects contribute crucially to the free energy of activation (DeltaG(double dagger)) in the NH tautomeric processes. An intermediate tautomer for the total tautomeric NH exchange in a chlorin was observed for the first time, when the (1)H NMR spectra of chlorin e(6) TME (3) and rhodin g(7) TME (4) (TME = trimethyl ester) were measured at lower temperatures. The lower energy barriers (DeltaG(1)(double dagger)) obtained for the formation of the intermediate tautomers of 3 and 4, assigned to the N(22)-H, N(24)-H trans-tautomer, were 10.8 and 10.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The energy barrier (DeltaG(2)(double dagger) value) for the total tautomeric NH exchange in the five chlorins was found to vary from 13.6 kcal/mol to values higher than 18 kcal/mol. The lowest DeltaG(2)(double dagger) value (13.6 kcal/mol) was obtained for rhodochlorin XV dimethyl ester (2), which was the only chlorophyll derivative lacking the C(15) substituent. In the case of chlorins 4 and 5, the steric crowding around the methoxycarbonylmethyl group at C(15) raised the DeltaG(2)(double dagger) activation free-energy to 17.1 kcal/mol. However, the highest energy barrier with DeltaG(2)(double dagger) > 18 kcal/mol was observed for the NH exchange of pyropheophorbide a methyl ester (6), possessing the macrocycle rigidifying isocyclic ring E. Our results demonstrate that the steric strain, arising either from the steric crowding around the bulky substituent at C(15) or the macrocycle rigidifying isocyclic ring E, slows down the NH tautomeric process. We suggest that deformations in the chlorin skeleton are closely connected to the NH tautomeric exchange and that the exchange occurs by a stepwise proton-transfer mechanism via a hydrogen bridge.

Calorimetry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of terrestrial model ecosystem data in environmental risk assessment for industrial chemicals, biocides and plant protection products in the EU.

Risk assessment approaches within the regulatory framework of the European Union (EU) based on single species tests were compared to those using data from terrestrial model ecosystems (TMEs). In a case study with the fungicide carbendazim, single species data led to ratios of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of above 1000, depending on available data and related assessment factors, indicating concern for the terrestrial environment. Considering the high degree of realism of the TME studies with multiple endpoints measured, but also residual uncertainty related to higher variability of endpoints, an assessment factor of 5 was applied on TME data. The most sensitive reliable endpoint was earthworm biomass. With the TME studies yielding slightly higher effect thresholds compared to laboratory data, and due to the lower assessment factor, the PEC/PNEC ratio was lowered to 5. This means that there would be concern for high application rates of carbendazim.

Animals↗

PubMed2022

S-nitrosylation of CSF1 receptor increases the efficacy of CSF1R blockage against prostate cancer.

Sustained oxidative stress in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells potentiates the overall tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting the TME using colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition is a promising therapy for CRPC. However, the therapeutic response to sustained CSF1R inhibition (CSF1Ri) is limited as a monotherapy. We hypothesized that one of the underlying causes for the reduced efficacy of CSF1Ri and increased oxidation in CRPC is the upregulation and uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3). Here we show that in high-grade PCa human specimens, NOS3 abundance positively correlates with CSF1-CSF1R signaling and remains uncoupled. The uncoupling diminishes NOS3 generation of sufficient nitric oxide (NO) required for S-nitrosylation of CSF1R at specific cysteine sites (Cys 224, Cys 278, and Cys 830). Exogenous S-nitrosothiol administration (with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)) induces S-nitrosylation of CSF1R and rescues the excess oxidation in tumor regions, in turn suppressing the tumor-promoting cytokines which are ineffectively suppressed by CSF1R blockade. Together these results suggest that NO administration could act as an effective combinatorial partner with CSF1R blockade against CRPC. In this context, we further show that exogenous NO treatment with GSNOR successfully augments the anti-tumor ability of CSF1Ri to effectively reduce the overall tumor burden, decreases the intratumoral percentage of anti-inflammatory macrophages, myeloid-derived progenitor cells and increases the percentage of pro-inflammatory macrophages, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and effector T cells, respectively. Together, these findings support the concept that the NO-CSF1Ri combination has the potential to act as a therapeutic agent that restores control over TME, which in turn could improve the outcomes of PCa patients.

Cysteine↗

PubMed2026

Inhibiting macrophage-derived lactate transport restores cGAS-STING signalling and enhances antitumour immunity in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignancy with a complex tumour microenvironment (TME) dominated by GBM stem cells (GSCs) and infiltrated by tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and exhibits aberrant metabolic pathways. Lactate is a critical glycolytic metabolite that promotes tumour progression; however, the mechanisms of lactate transport and lactylation in the TME of GBM remain elusive. Here we show that lactate is transported from TAMs to GSCs via MCT4-MCT1. TAMs provide lactate to GSCs, promoting GSC proliferation and inducing lactylation of the non-homologous end joining protein KU70 at lysine 317 (K317), which inhibits cGAS-STING signalling and remodels the immunosuppressive TME. Inhibition of lactate transport or targeting the lactylation of KU70, in combination with the immune checkpoint blockade, demonstrates additive therapeutic benefits in immunocompetent xenograft models. This study unveils TAM-derived lactate and lactylation as critical regulators in GSCs to enforce an immunosuppressive microenvironment, opening avenues for developing combinatorial therapy for GBM.

Glioblastoma↗

PubMed2026

Endothelial cell-specific DNA methylation alterations in breast cancer.

DNA methylation alterations are well-established contributors to carcinogenesis, yet, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), patterns of lineage and cell-specific methylation alterations are not well understood. Single-cell DNA methylation profiling in the TME is limited by technical challenges and high costs. Here, we use bulk DNA methylation, cell type deconvolution (HiTIMED), and an interaction testing framework (CellDMC) to identify reproducible, computationally inferred lineage-specific epigenetic alterations in the TME supported by orthogonal data sources. Tumor endothelial cells (TECs), critical regulators of angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and immune cell trafficking, acquire structural and functional abnormalities that promote tumor growth. We hypothesize that TECs have altered DNA methylation compared with endothelial cells in non-tumor tissues. In genome-scale methylation data from discovery and validation datasets (tumor n = 1071; non-tumor n = 415), we identify and validate >4500 TEC-specific CpGs with altered methylation, many mapping to genes involved in angiogenesis and endothelial function. Integration with gene expression data indicates that TEC-specific methylation alterations may reprogram transcriptional networks controlling angiogenesis. High-resolution, cell lineage-specific epigenetic landscapes can be inferred from bulk methylation data, implicating TEC-specific DNA methylation alterations as potential drivers of cancer angiogenesis and vascular dysfunction and providing a framework for future mechanistic and translational studies of the tumor vasculature.

DNA Methylation↗

PubMed2002

Experience of surgery for rectal cancer with total mesorectal excision in a general surgical practice.

BACKGROUND: Results from specialist centres have shown that total mesorectal excision (TME) produces excellent control of local disease in patients with carcinoma of the rectum. METHODS: The results of TME were reviewed in a surgical practice in which patients with rectal cancer comprised 1 per cent of the total caseload and mean case numbers were less than 15 each year. RESULTS: Eighty-two consecutive patients underwent rectal excision with TME over a 72-month period (68 anterior resection, eight abdominoperineal excision and six Hartmann's procedure). Sixty-nine operations were deemed 'curative' at the time of surgery. Anastomotic leak occurred in two (3 per cent) of 68 patients, both of whom recovered without additional surgery. There were two local recurrences (3 per cent) among 69 patients who underwent 'curative' surgery. At a median follow-up of 190 weeks, the survival rate for Dukes' stage A, B, C and 'D' was 100, 83, 68 and 18 per cent respectively. CONCLUSION: Outcome as measured by perioperative morbidity and local disease control achieved in a surgical practice with a broad case mix and relatively low annual case volume was comparable to that from larger centres. Appropriate surgical training and attention to technical detail may be as important as case volume in determining outcome after surgery for rectal cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Technical and oncological feasibility of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with pouch coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical and oncological feasibility of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with coloanal anastomosis for mid and low rectal cancer. METHODS: During a 2-year period, 50 patients underwent laparoscopic TME with coloanal anastomosis for rectal carcinoma located at a median of 4.5 (range 2-11) cm from the anal verge. Pre-operative radiotherapy was used in 46 patients. Intersphincteric dissection was combined with the laparoscopic procedure to achieve sphincter preservation. RESULTS: Conversion to a laparotomy was necessary in six patients. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 2% and 28%, respectively. Morbidity was lower in patients operated on during the second part of the study, who had extraction of the rectal specimen through a small laparotomy incision, than in those operated on during the first part of the study when removal of the specimen was by transanal extraction. Oncological quality of excision was safe in 44 patients with intact or almost intact rectal fascia in 88% and R0 resection in 90%. At a median follow-up of 18 months, there was no local or port-site recurrence. CONCLUSION: This study confirms our preliminary results of oncological feasibility of laparoscopic TME with sphincter preservation for mid and low rectal cancer, and showed that morbidity can be decreased by using a standardized surgical procedure.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Fiction and facts about multi-modal therapy in rectal cancer].

The prognosis of patients with rectal cancer has been improved significantly after introduction of the total mesorectal excision (TME). Just by performing TME, the local recurrence rates could be decreased to less than 10 %, independent of multi-modal therapeutic concepts. In contrast, the local recurrence rate reached 4 to 55 % (median 20 %) in a German multicenter study in 1995 prior to the nationwide introduction of TME. The goal of this overview is to compare the different concepts in the multi-modal therapy of rectal cancer with their advantages and disadvantages based on the current literature. Mentioned will be local recurrence rates and survival, but also toxicity, costs and acceptance of patients. Furthermore, a preview is given about future developments.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2002

A prospective study of sexual and urinary function before and after total mesorectal excision with autonomic nerve preservation for rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Oncologic resection of rectal cancer has been reported to be associated with a significant (10%-60%) rate of sexual and urinary dysfunction. We hypothesize that curative total mesorectal excision (TME) with autonomic nerve preservation (ANP) can be done with high rates of preservation of such function. STUDY DESIGN: We studied prospectively preoperative and postoperative urinary and sexual function in patients who had sphincter-preserving operations for rectal carcinoma without preoperative irradiation. Standardized questionnaires were used preoperatively and postoperatively, including the International Prostatic Symptom Score and a score of quality of urinary function satisfaction. Urodynamic evaluation was performed preoperatively and 3 months after the operation. The sexual results were evaluated after 1 year. RESULTS: Twenty patients, 13 men and 7 women, had TME, with ANP technique. Fourteen patients had coloanal anastomosis, 4 had a stapled colorectal anastomosis, and 2 had an ileoanal anastomosis. In all patients, hypogastric and sacral splanchnic nerves were identified and preserved. There was no mortality. Tumors are graded by Astler-Coller classification: A1 in 3 cases, A2 in 3, B1 in 7, B2 in 2, C2 in 1, and D in 1. There was no difference in preoperative and postoperative urinary function, International Prostatic Symptom Score, or urodynamic results, nor in the results of the quality of urinary function questionnaire. Four of the 7 women (69%) were sexually active before undergoing the surgical procedure. Sexual activity and ability to achieve orgasm was unchanged in these women. No dyspareunia was reported. Nine of the 13 men (69%) were sexually potent in the preoperative period. Sexual activity and potency were unchanged in these men. Retrograde ejaculation was reported in 1 man who previously had had normal antegrade ejaculation. After 3 months, 4 patients reported a reduced rigidity of erection, returning to normal by 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that TME and ANP for cancer limited to the mesorectum do not impair urinary and sexual function.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Exogenous dietary xylanase ameliorates viscosity-induced anti-nutritional effects in wheat-based diets for White Pekin ducks (Anas platyrinchos domesticus).

Nutrient utilisation and growth performance responses of White Pekin ducks (Anas platyrinchos domesticus) offered diets containing low- or high-viscosity wheat supplemented with xylanase were investigated in two studies. In Expt 1, six diets consisting of low-viscosity wheat or high-viscosity wheat supplemented with 0.0, 1.5 or 3.0 g xylanase (2590 units/g)/kg diet were used in a true metabolisable energy (TME) bioassay with eight 8-week-old ducks per diet group. In Expt 2, eight pens of ten 3-d-old ducks per pen for each of six wheat-based diets arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial of low-viscosity or high-viscosity wheat and 0.0, 1.5 or 3.0 g xylanase/kg were used in a 42 d growth study. High-viscosity wheat depressed (P<0.001) TME and xylanase supplementation improved (P<0.001) TME, more so for high-viscosity than low-viscosity wheat. Xylanase supplementation of the high-viscosity wheat-based diet improved (P<0.05) weight gain and gain:feed ratio by 13 and 12 % respectively. There was no weight gain or gain:feed ratio response to xylanase supplementation of the low-viscosity wheat-based diet. Xylanase supplementation reduced (P<0.001) the viscosity of duodenal and ileal digesta for high-viscosity but not low-viscosity wheat-based diets. Ileal digestibilities of nutrients and energy were higher (P<0.001) for low-viscosity than high-viscosity wheat-based diets; xylanase supplementation improved (P<0.05) energy, fat, N and starch digestibilities. Given that xylanase supplementation of high-viscosity wheat assuaged its anti-nutritional effect, it is surmised that digesta viscosity plays a role in anti-nutritional effects in wheat-based diets for ducks.

Animal Feed↗