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Results for “THYROID DISEASES”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Vitiligo in autoimmune thyroid disease.

The authors studied the association between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease. Vitiligo was found in 20 of 293 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (6.83%), 2 out of 227 patients with nonautoimmune thyroid disease (0.88%), and 3 out of 386 control group (0.78%). These results showed that vitiligo is closely associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (chi 2 = 24.33, p < 0.0001), but not with nonautoimmune thyroid disease. Prevalence of vitiligo in nonautoimmune thyroid disease was not different from that in control. Vitiligo in autoimmune thyroid disease was most frequently found on dorsum hands and forearms, and usually preceded the onset of thyroid disease. Four out of twenty patients with vitiligo associated autoimmune thyroid disease had another presumed autoimmune disease, that is, alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, and rheumatoid arthritis. These findings suggested that autoimmunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Histopathologic pattern of thyroid disease.

BACKGROUND: Diseases of the thyroid are manifested by alteration in hormone secretion, enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter), or both. The principal diseases of the thyroid gland are goiter (diffuse or nodular), hypo or hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis and neoplasms. The incidence and prevalence of these thyroid diseases in a given community are variable depending on various factors. Simple (non-toxic) goiter is extremely common throughout the world and is most prevalent in mountainous areas. The reported prevalance of goiter in Ethiopia varies between 18% and 30%. OBJECTIVE: To review the histopathologic patterns of thyroid disease and their relationship with age and sex over a five year period. SETTING: Tikur Anbessa teaching and referral hospital, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of five years biopsy material from patients with thyroid disease. RESULTS: Seven hundred and eighty consecutive patients with thyroid disease were included in the study. Six hundred and sixty (79%) were found to be non-neoplastic and 164 (21%) were neoplastic. Nodular colloid goiter (NCG) were found in 600 (76.9%) cases. Adenoma, carcinoma and thyroiditis accounted for 100 (12.8%), 64 (8.2%) and 16 (2.1%) cases respectively. Female to male ratio was 4.5:1. Eighty five point seven per cent of the thyroid diseases were found in the age group 20-59 years. CONCLUSION: Nodular colloid goiter is the most prevalent thyroid disease. Papillary carcinoma is the most frequent cancer seen in this series. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the iodine deficiency states in the diet to alleviate the social and medical consequences of the NCG. Similary clinical evaluation of goiter should be thorough, and use all means especially histopathologic study of the specimens to arrive at a definitive diagnosis as thyroid carcinoma is not uncommon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Thyroglobulin is a thyroid specific gene for the familial autoimmune thyroid diseases.

The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) develop as a result of a complex interaction between predisposing genes and non-genetic factors. We have completed a whole genome scan in 56 families which revealed 7 major AITD loci (LOD scores >2), and additional minor loci (LOD scores >1). One of the minor loci was on chromosome 8q24 giving a maximum LOD score (MLS) of 1.8 at marker D8S284. This locus contained the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene which was a strong candidate gene for AITD. Because of this we analyzed the Tg gene region in detail using an expanded dataset of 102 families. The new linkage analysis showed stronger evidence for linkage at the Tg gene locus with an MLS of 3.5 between markers D8S514 and D8S284 (NPL = 2.0). We then proceeded to analyze the Tg gene directly. We identified a new microsatellite inside intron 27 of the Tg gene (designated Tgms2). Tgms2 showed strong evidence for linkage with AITD (MLS = 2.9), further suggesting that the Tg gene was linked to AITD. Association studies comparing 224 Caucasian AITD patients to 134 Caucasian controls showed an association of Tgms2 with AITD (p = 0.05, relative risk [RR] = 1.4). The association was stronger when only the probands from the linked families (n = 32) were used (p = 0.004, RR = 2.3). Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis also showed an association of Tgms2 with AITD (p = 0.02). We concluded therefore that the Tg gene was a major AITD susceptibility gene because it was both linked and associated with AITD.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2005

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.

CONTEXT: The thyroid gland is a potential target organ for radiation-related damage. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the analysis was to investigate the association between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). DESIGN: Our design was the cross-sectional Study of Health in Pomerania. SETTING: The setting was the general community. SUBJECTS: Analyses were performed in a population-based sample of 4299 subjects. Among them, 160 persons reported a history of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: AITD was defined as the combined presence of hypoechogenicity in thyroid ultrasound and antithyroxiperoxidase antibodies greater than 200 IU/ml. RESULTS: Females with occupational exposure to ionizing radiation had more often AITD than nonexposed females (10.0 vs. 3.4%; P < 0.05). This association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounders (odds ratio, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-10.31; P < 0.05). In males, there were too few subjects who fulfilled the criteria of AITD, but the association between the exposure to radiation and hypoechogenicity of the thyroid gland barely missed statistical significance (odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-5.26; P = 0.08). In both females and males, subjects who reported a length of exposure of more than 5 yr exhibited the highest risk of the endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that occupational exposure to ionizing radiation is related to the risk of AITD. The usage of thyroid protection shields by radiation workers is strongly recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Total thyroidectomy in the surgical treatment of thyroid disease a retrospective clinical study].

BACKGROUND: Thyroid diseases constitute a group of benign and malignant affections, among which the most represented is multinodular goitre. Nowadays, an important question regards routine total thyroidectomy as the treatment of choice for all thyroid diseases. The aim of the present study is to verify if total thyroidectomy can always represent an option for modern surgery of thyroid disease. METHODS: One hundred-thirty-seven patients underwent operations for thyroid disease during an 11-year period. Fifty-three patients underwent total thyroidectomy, 27 affected by a benign pathology and 26 by a malignant one. RESULTS: Both short term and long term results have been analysed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the authors affirm that a complete resection of the gland is mandatory for the surgeon in the treatment of malignant diseases because the primary aim for oncologic surgery of the thyroid is the reduction of local recurrence and the increase of survival. As far as benign diseases are concerned, some surgeons affirm that morbility of non-total operations is lower than total thyroidectomy; anyway, the authors affirm that the most important factor to prevent morbility after total thyroidectomy is an appropriate surgical technique. In this way, both the identification of parathyroid glands and the identification preparation of recurrent nerve are considered the most valid method to prevent lesions. Another factor in favour of total thyroidectomy is represented by the risk of carcinoma on the residual tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Radiation dose-response relationships for thyroid nodules and autoimmune thyroid diseases in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure.

CONTEXT: Effects of irradiation on thyroid diseases such as thyroid nodules and autoimmune thyroid diseases have not been evaluated among people exposed to radiation more than 50 years in the past. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid diseases and their radiation-dose responses in atomic bomb survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Survey study comprising 4091 cohort members (mean age, 70 [SD, 9] years; 1352 men and 2739 women) who participated in the thyroid study at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Thyroid examinations were conducted between March 2000 and February 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of thyroid diseases, including thyroid nodules (malignant and benign) and autoimmune thyroid diseases, and the dose-response relationship of atomic bomb radiation in each thyroid disease. RESULTS: Thyroid diseases were identified in 1833 (44.8%) of the total participants (436 men [32.2% of men] and 1397 women [51.0% of women]) (P<.001). In 3185 participants, excluding persons exposed in utero, not in the city at the time of the atomic bombings, or with unknown radiation dose, the prevalence of all solid nodules, malignant tumors, benign nodules, and cysts was 14.6%, 2.2%, 4.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies, antithyroid antibody-positive hypothyroidism, and Graves disease was 28.2%, 3.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for the prevalence of all solid nodules, malignant tumors, benign nodules, and cysts (P<.001). We estimate that about 28% of all solid nodules, 37% of malignant tumors, 31% of benign nodules, and 25% of cysts are associated with radiation exposure at a mean and median thyroid radiation dose of 0.449 Sv and 0.087 Sv, respectively. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for positive antithyroid antibodies (P = .20), antithyroid antibody-positive hypothyroidism (P = .92), or Graves disease (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: A significant linear radiation dose response for thyroid nodules, including malignant tumors and benign nodules, exists in atomic bomb survivors. However, there is no significant dose response for autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Aged↗