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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Leprosy in armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) from Texas.

Tissue sections from 237 nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) from 51 central Texas counties were examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli and/or lesions of leprosy. Neither were found. A review of the literature relative to the incidence of leprosy from armadillos in Texas indicates that residents of counties along the Texas Gulf Coast may be at risk of contracting leprosy by handling infected armadillos or their tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Identification of the etiological agent for necrotizing scute disease in the Texas tortoise.

Epidermal lamellae (scutes) of the Texas tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri, from southern Texas (USA) were observed to be in various stages of necrosis, ranging from localized whitish blemishes to complete degradation of the external portion of the scute. Fusarium semitectum was consistently isolated from slivers of infected scute from tortoises. The fungus was not isolated from tortoises exhibiting no lesions. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of septate mycelia inside the scutes, and isolates of F. semitectum grown in the laboratory were successfully transferred to non-infected tortoises. Twenty-four tortoises maintained by two rehabilitators in southern Texas exhibited lesions; however, only one of 27 tortoises from Dimmit and Zavala counties was infected.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Ectoparasites of the swift fox in northwestern Texas.

Ectoparasites were collected from chemically immobilized swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in the Texas Panhandle (USA). Three species of fleas (Pulex irritans, Dactylopsylla percernis, and Euhoplopsyllus affinis) and one species of tick (Ixodes sculptus) were found. Pulex irritans was the only abundant ectoparasite; it occurred on all 23 foxes brushed in 1999-2000 and all but one of 34 hosts examined in 2000-01. Otherwise, this swift fox population had a depauperate ectoparasite fauna; the remainder of the ectoparasites only occurred on a few (< or =5%) of the hosts. Because of previous taxonomic confusion between P. irritans and the closely related P. simulans, the zoogeographic distribution of these two species in many areas of western North America needs to be verified. Apparently, only the human flea P. irritans occurs on wild canids in the Texas Panhandle. However, there are previous records of P. simulans on other carnivores in western and central Texas. Some of these specimens were reexamined, and their identifications were reconfirmed. Also, the recent literature on the controversial taxonomic status of these two flea species is reviewed. The male terminal aedeagal sexual apparatus is the only means currently available to separate P. irritans and P. simulans.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Patient safety in America: comparison and analysis of national and Texas patient safety research.

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on patient safety in late 1999, To Err is Human, attracted great national attention when it announced that 44,000 to 98,000 patients die each year in American hospitals because of patient safety problems and that a patient safety crisis exists in American health care and American hospitals. The report relied heavily on a Harvard group's study of hospital care in New York in 1984 and another Harvard group's study of hospital care in Utah and Colorado in 1992. This article reviews and compares American hospital inpatient safety research and corresponding Texas hospital patient safety research. It focuses on the major patient safety research of the last two decades that led to the IOM report, and compares information from the major studies with the work of the Texas Medical Foundation (TMF). The Harvard patient safety studies that have received great national attention are compared here with a stronger, broader, and more robust database from TMF, the peer review organization for Texas. The TMF studies of 300,000 patient admissions during 3 years in more than 400 hospitals are compared with the Harvard studies of 30,000 charts in 51 hospitals in New York in 1984 and 15,000 charts in 28 hospitals in Utah and Colorado in 1992. The TMF data and a close look at the Harvard data show a positive patient safety picture that has been ignored too often in the current debate, with low rates of significant injury and death caused by any medical care or hospital care safety or negligence problems.

Hospitals↗
PubMed2000

The state of electroconvulsive therapy in Texas. Part I: reported data on 41,660 ECT treatments in 5971 patients.

The Texas Legislature in 1993 mandated a quarterly reporting requirement for hospitals and physicians performing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the state (United States Government hospitals were excluded). The Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TDMHMR) was designated as the agency responsible for collecting and maintaining the data. This paper reviews the ECT data from 16 quarterly reports (09/01/93 through 08/31/97). The reports contained data on 41,660 ECT treatments in approximately 5971 patients. The results of this study support the proposition that ECT is an extremely safe and effective treatment for those individuals suffering from a serious mental illness. In Texas, ethnic groups other than non-Hispanic Anglo-Americans appear to be underserved in regards to ECT. Those patients without appropriate insurance or adequate personal finds are also underserved as a result of the few county and state hospitals performing ECT and the relatively small number of patients treated with ECT at those hospitals. Recommendations are suggested to improve the quality of the database and in informing the public as to the safety and efficacy of this valuable treatment modality. What, at first, was seen as an unwarranted legislative foray into the practice of medicine, has, in the end, become a source of valuable data supporting the use of ECT as an important treatment modality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The state of electroconvulsive therapy in Texas. Part 2: contact with physicians, hospitals, medical liability insurance companies, and manufacturers of stimulus generating equipment.

Since mid-1993, all ECT treatments performed in the state of Texas (except for United States government hospitals) must be reported every quarter to the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TXMHMR) on a data collection form provided by the Department. Part 1 of this paper reviewed that data. This paper reviews the responses to questionnaires and contacts made with physicians, hospitals, medical liability insurance companies, and manufacturers of stimulus generating devices regarding their experience with ECT in Texas. Questionnaires were sent to physicians and hospitals that had not performed ECT during the final two quarters of the review period. Medical liability insurance companies and the manufacturers of the stimulus generating equipment used in ECT were contacted regarding their experience with liability claims. The results indicate that medical liability in regards to the performance of ECT is extremely low. Physicians and hospitals that stopped performing ECT did so for reasons other than medical liability.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Factors contributing to delayed diagnosis of HIV-infected women and their children in south Texas.

Preliminary results from a previous study at a family human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic in South Texas indicated that HIV-positive (HIV+) children from small communities were usually infected and often symptomatic at the time of referral. The current study evaluated rates of vertical transmission and factors that contributed to delayed diagnosis of HIV for 82 children born to HIV-infected women in South Texas. Children from smaller metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) were infected more often (70.4% vs. 33.3%), identified later (average 9.7 vs. 3.2 months) and were less often known to be HIV+ at birth (51.4% vs. 64.4%), than those from the largest MSA. In addition, children whose mothers were infected sexually were infected more often (52.8% vs. 32.0%), tested later (average 7.6 vs. 1.6 months), and were less often known to be HIV+ at birth (46.8% vs. 85.2%), than those children whose mothers were injecting drug users (IDU). Children followed from birth were infected less often (34.3%) than those identified later (65.5%). In South Texas, children born to HIV+ mothers were at higher risk for missed or delayed diagnosis if they were from small MSAs and had mothers who were infected sexually. Early diagnosis of HIV+ women and children is increasingly important because of advances in treatment of HIV and prevention of vertical transmission of HIV.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Geographical distribution of rodent-associated hantaviruses in Texas.

The purpose of this study was to increase our knowledge of the geographic distribution and natural host range of hantaviruses in Texas, southeastern New Mexico, and Mexico. Blood samples from 3,225 wild rodents, representing 34 species, were tested for hantavirus antibody (IgG), using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hantavirus antibody was found in one or more rodents from each of 13 counties in Texas, Otero County in southeastern New Mexico, and Mexico State (central Mexico). The 133 antibody-positive rodents included seven Peromyscus species (P. attwateri, P. boylii, P. hylocetes, P. leucopus, P. maniculatis, P. melanotis, and P. pectoralis), Sigmodon hispidus, Oryzomys palustris, two Reithrodontomys species (R. fulvescens and R. megalotis), Neotoma albigula, and Perognathus merriami. This study provides further evidence that rodent-associated hantaviruses are geographically widely distributed in Texas. The discovery of antibody in P. hylocetes and P. melanotis is evidence that peromyscine rodents in Mexico are naturally associated with viruses belonging to the genus Hantavirus.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Providing hospice care in rural Texas.

Hospice organizations in rural areas face many logistical and financial challenges. The authors review their experiences in offering hospice care to a widely dispersed population of patients. Crown of Texas Hospice, headquartered in Amarillo, Texas, provides hospice care throughout most of the vast and sparsely populated Texas panhandle. In the United States, patients typically are not referred to hospice care until the very end of the terminal phase of their disease process. Late referrals limit the opportunities for optimal symptom management and also limit the ability of a hospice organization to meet the psychosocial and spiritual needs of patients and their families. Recommendations to improve the timeliness of hospice referral are suggested.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AAPI youth tobacco use: a comparative analysis of current cigarette use data from the Florida, Texas, and National Youth Tobacco Surveys.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to compile data on Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) youth tobacco use in Florida and conduct comparisons with state and national data. This research will contribute to reducing the gap in information regarding current smoking prevalence among AAPI youth in Florida and provide direct comparisons with another state (Texas) and National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) data on AAPI youth. METHODS: Current cigarette use data from the Florida Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 were examined for trends in AAPI and state prevalence rates. AAPI data from Florida's baseline 1998 youth tobacco survey were compared to Texas data after applying a common set of data preparation edits. AAPI data from the NYTS were also compared to Florida's AAPI youth population. FINDINGS: Current cigarette use for AAPI students in Florida was generally below the overall prevalence rates among Florida's public middle or high school students. In 1998, current smoking prevalence among Texas AAPI middle and high school students was 18.7% compared to 19.4% among Florida students. Among high school students, the NYTS found that 21.2% of AAPI students were current cigarette smokers nationally in comparison to 21.7% of AAPI high school youth in Florida. In middle school, the current smoking prevalence among AAPI students was 5.5% in the NYTS as compared to 9.4% in Florida. The NYTS data in particular highlight the magnitude of the increasing trend of cigarette smoking among AAPI youth as they progress through the high school grades. CONCLUSIONS: Of all the racial/ethnic groups in Florida, only AAPIs did not have a significant decline in current cigarette use. While the Florida Tobacco Pilot Program has implemented many worthwhile initiatives, the anti-tobacco interventions do not appear to have exerted a noticeable effect on AAPI youth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The demographic outlook for orthodontists in Texas at the start of the next millennium.

Like all health care professionals, orthodontists are concerned about the need and demand for their services. Orthodontists should experience an increase in demand for their services as a result of an increasing population and an aging orthodontist population. How many additional orthodontic graduates do we need per year in Texas? Based on many factors, Texas dental schools could graduate additional students per year to be consistent with those factors. In conclusion, it appears that Texas can easily support three graduate orthodontic residency programs. As we enter the next millennium, the future of orthodontics has never looked better.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Emergency department overcrowding in Florida, New York, and Texas.

BACKGROUND: This study was done to determine the incidence, causes, and effects of overcrowding in emergency departments (EDs) in Florida, New York, and Texas. METHODS: Surveys were mailed to a random sample of EDs in Florida, New York, and Texas. Questions included census, area population, frequency and causes of overcrowding, and impact. Causes of overcrowding were ranked on a 5-point scale. RESULTS: A total of 300 surveys were sent, and 210 (70%) were returned. Overcrowding was reported in 194 EDs (92%): New York (90%), Florida, (92%), and Texas (95%). Causes of ED overcrowding included hospital bed shortage, high medical acuity of patients, increasing patient volume, too few examination spaces, and shortage of RN staff. Overcrowding resulted in death, permanent disability, additional procedures, and increased length of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this survey of EDs, overcrowding was pervasive. Many factors contribute to ED overcrowding. Poor medical outcomes may occur because of overcrowding.

Crowding↗
PubMed2002

Usual sources of cigarettes for middle and high school students--Texas, 1998-1999.

Persons often begin smoking when they are minors (aged <18 years), and easy access to cigarettes might contribute to this behavior. Laws and regulations were in place in Texas during 1998-1999 to reduce minors' access to cigarettes by 1) prohibiting the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors; 2) imposing fines against retailers caught selling cigarettes to minors; 3) prohibiting minors from purchasing, possessing, or using tobacco products; 4) limiting vending machines to adult-only locations; and 5) requiring tobacco retailers to ask for proof of identification from anyone attempting to purchase tobacco who appeared to be aged <27 years. To measure progress in reducing access to cigarettes among middle and high school students in Texas, CDC analyzed self-reported data from the 1998 and 1999 Texas Youth Tobacco Survey (TYTS). This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicate that during 1998-1999, reported access to cigarettes from stores and vending machines (commercial sources) decreased among middle school students from 13.2% to 5.3% and from 7.6% to 1.7%, respectively, but access from noncommercial and other sources (e.g., stealing cigarettes and "getting them some other way") increased from 8.3% to 12.3% and from 16.6% to 23.3%, respectively. Among high school students, most sources did not change. Educating retailers and actively enforcing laws governing youth access to tobacco as part of a comprehensive tobacco-control approach are required to reduce youth access to cigarettes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The Texas Supreme Court speaks: mental health professionals have no duty to warn or protect third parties.

On June, 24, 1999, the Supreme Court of Texas held that a physician does not have a duty to warn a third party when a patient makes specific threats of harm toward a readily identifiable person. The 77th Texas legislative session that ended in the spring of 2001 did not address the Tarasoff duty to warn or protect a third party. Thus, the current holding in Texas allows that there is no Tarasoff duty to warn or protect a third party. This paper reviews that decision and identifies those occasions when a physician shall warn or may warn and to whom.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Investigation of an outbreak of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease in pet birds in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Texas.

An outbreak of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease in exotic pet birds in the United States from April through July 1991 was investigated. More than 2,000 pet birds in 5 states (Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Texas, and Maryland) were tested. Infected birds were found in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas. This disease was eradicated without spread to domestic poultry. Epidemiologic investigations revealed the source of infection to be double yellow-headed Amazon parrots suspected to be illegally imported into Texas.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Black widow spider and brown recluse spider bites in Texas from 1998 through 2002.

Black widow spiders and brown recluse spiders are of medical importance to humans in the US. However, these spiders differ in their habits, habitat, and the clinical effects and treatment of their bite. This study used data from human exposure calls to poison centers in Texas to compare the epidemioloy of bites from these 2 spiders. During 1998-2002, 760 black widow spider bites and 1,369 brown recluse spider bites were reported. Black widow spider bite penetrance demonstrated no secular trend during this time period while the penetrance of brown recluse spider bites increased. A higher percentage of black widow spider bites occurred among males, while a higher proportion of brown recluse spider bites were reported for females. Black widow spider bites most frequently had mild outcomes while brown recluse spider bites most often had moderate outcomes. The majority of reported bites for both types of spider occurred at the patient's own residence, although the percentage was lower for black widow spiders. Seasonal trends were noted for both black widow and brown recluse spiders. The highest penetrance of black widow spider bites was observed in western Texas while the highest penetrance of brown recluse spider bites was observed in central Texas. This information is useful for identifying those populations at greatest risk for the respective spider bites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Diabetic renal failure in Texas: influence of ethnicity and household income.

Although end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains a major public health problem in Texas, information regarding the influence of ethnicity and socioeconomic status on the prevalence of ESRD in Texas counties is limited. To determine whether ethnicity and a surrogate marker of socioeconomic status influence the prevalence of dialysis-related ESRD and of diabetic nephropathy ESRD (ESRD-DM) in Texas, we calculated indirect prevalence rates for each county by using 1998 data on 19,336 patients in 80 counties. Using weighted multiple linear regression, we estimated ESRD and ESRD-DM ethnic prevalence. We estimated that among dialysis patients with ESRD, the indirect ethnic prevalence rate was highest for blacks, whereas when ESRD-DM was considered, Hispanics showed the highest prevalence, followed by blacks and then by non-Hispanic non-blacks. When the socioeconomic factor was incorporated into the regression model, the ESRD ethnic prevalence was highest for blacks living in poor counties and for Hispanics living in wealthy counties; however, for ESRD-DM, the ethnic prevalence rate was highest for Hispanics, whether they lived in poor or wealthy counties. Ethnicity and socioeconomic status accounted for 94% (93%) of the variation of ESRD (ESRD-DM) prevalence. This study may serve as a springboard for further investigation. Additional information, interventions, and resources are needed, particularly in the Southwest Hispanic region of the United States. Future annual reports from the US Renal Data System should include supplementary information on Hispanics.

Diabetic Nephropathies↗
PubMed2004

Impact of a smoking ban on restaurant and bar revenues--El Paso, Texas, 2002.

Smoke-free indoor air ordinances protect employees and customers from secondhand smoke exposure, which is associated with increased risks for heart disease and lung cancer in adults and respiratory disease in children. As of January 2004, five states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, and New York) and 72 municipalities in the United States had passed laws that prohibit smoking in almost all workplaces, restaurants, and bars. On January 2, 2002, El Paso, Texas (2000 population: 563,662), implemented an ordinance banning smoking in all public places and workplaces, including restaurants and bars. The El Paso smoking ban is the strongest smoke-free indoor air ordinance in Texas and includes stipulations for enforcement of the ban by firefighting and law enforcement agencies, with fines of up to $500 for ordinance violations. To assess whether the El Paso smoking ban affected restaurant and bar revenues, the Texas Department of Health (TDH) and CDC analyzed sales tax and mixed-beverage tax data during the 12 years preceding and 1 year after the smoking ban was implemented. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that no statistically significant changes in restaurant and bar revenues occurred after the smoking ban took effect. These findings are consistent with those from studies of smoking bans in other U.S. cities. Local public health officials can use these data to support implementation of smokefree environments as recommended by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services.

Humans↗