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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Systems integration: revving up the interface engines.

Best-of-breed applications can baffle health care IS professionals with a Babel-like confusion of software tongues. Interface engines can provide some relief by acting as a computer interpreter which translates for multiple systems.

Health Services Administration↗
PubMed2004

Switching the polarity of a bacteriophage integration system.

During lysogenic growth many temperate bacteriophage genomes are integrated into the host's chromosome and efficient integration and excision are therefore an essential part of the phage life cycle. The Streptomyces phage phiC31 encodes an integrase related to the resolvase/invertases and is evolutionarily and mechanistically distinct from the integrase of phage lambda. We show that during phiC31 integration the polarity of the recombination sites, attB and attP, is dependent on the sequences of the two base pairs (bp) where crossover occurs. A loss or switch in polarity of the recombination sites can occur by mutation of this dinucleotide, leading to incorrectly joined products. The properties of the mutant sites implies that phiC31 integrase interacts symmetrically with the substrates, which during synapsis can align apparently freely in either of two alternative forms that lead to correct or incorrect joining of products. Analysis of the topologies of the reaction products provided evidence that integrase can synapse and activate strand exchange even when recombinant products cannot form due to mismatches at the crossover site. The topologies of the recombination products are complex and indicative of multiple pathways to product formation. The efficiency of integration of a phiC31 derivative, KC859, into an attB site with switched polarity was assayed in vivo and shown to be no different from integration into a wild-type attB. Thus neither the host nor KC859 express a factor that influences the alignment of the recombination sites at synapsis.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Launching a self-assessment process for systems integration: framework and findings.

The National Chronic Care Consortium developed the SASI tool to help health-care networks plan, implement, and measure chronic care integration across their full continuums of care. An integrated network for chronic care can be applied to any care population, and the SASI tool can assist in integration efforts in a variety of circumstances.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1998

Bridging the gaps: an assessment of culture in an integrated system.

After healthcare organizations merge, how do employees of different work cultures integrate? A study of four Colorado facilities in one delivery system reveals where employees reported similarities, differences, and problems--and the author tells how these issues were addressed.

Awareness↗
PubMed2000

WIT: integrated system for high-throughput genome sequence analysis and metabolic reconstruction.

The WIT (What Is There) (http://wit.mcs.anl.gov/WIT2/) system has been designed to support comparative analysis of sequenced genomes and to generate metabolic reconstructions based on chromosomal sequences and metabolic modules from the EMP/MPW family of databases. This system contains data derived from about 40 completed or nearly completed genomes. Sequence homologies, various ORF-clustering algorithms, relative gene positions on the chromosome and placement of gene products in metabolic pathways (metabolic reconstruction) can be used for the assignment of gene functions and for development of overviews of genomes within WIT. The integration of a large number of phylogenetically diverse genomes in WIT facilitates the understanding of the physiology of different organisms.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1989

Creating a continuum. The goal is to provide an integrated system of care.

The idea of a continuum of care is hardly new. In its purest form, it is simply the essence of good patient care. Today, the complex U.S. healthcare organization has emerged as a highly sophisticated but fragmented collection of service providers. We now must put energy and resources into rebuilding the comprehensiveness and continuity that represent high-quality care. The rationale for a continuum of care is that it is appropriate for patients' needs, demanded by today's consumers, an organized way of maximizing use of healthcare resources, and cost-effective for providers, patients, and payers. A continuum of care comprises services and integrating mechanisms. The services can be broken into seven basic categories: extended care, acute hospital care, ambulatory care, home care, outreach, wellness, and housing. The four basic integrating mechanisms are interentity planning and management, care coordination, case-based financing, and integrated information systems. Shaping a continuum mandates translating broad principles into pragmatic application suitable for the organization and community. The organization should define goals and objectives, identify a target population, assess services, evaluate integrating mechanisms, communicate, and prepare a business plan.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed1986

Connective tissue as an integral system: role of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.

We have applied the systems approach, to the analysis of mechanisms whereby connective tissue (CT) is integrated into one functional system. The primary CT functions in health and in disease (biomechanical, trophic, protective, reparative, and morphogenetic) are carried out by means of cell-cell, cell-matrix and intertissue interactions based on feedback between these components. Both CT as a whole and its cellular and extracellular elements exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity which increases the capacity of CT for adaptation. The intercellular interactions take place via soluble and insoluble mediators, direct cellular contacts, and cell/matrix degradation products. Results of this study support the concept of internal "network" regulation of the CT composition, functions and growth through intercellular interactions at different structural levels. Feedback mechanisms between degradation and production of collagen and interactions between collagen, macrophages and fibroblasts play a special role in the self-regulation of reparative CT growth. Collagen restores an impaired self-regulation and exerts a marked therapeutic effect on wounds, burns, trophic ulcers, and other lesions. A similar function may be performed by other matrix components and degradation/secretion products of macrophages and fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Exercise and diet in obesity treatment: an integrative system dynamics perspective.

PURPOSE: Demonstrate the utility of System Dynamics computer modeling to study and gain insight into the impacts of physical activity and diet on weight gain and loss. METHODS: A holistic System Dynamics computer model is presented that integrates the processes of human metabolism, hormonal regulation, body composition, nutrition, and physical activity. These processes are not independent of one another, and the model captures the complex interdependencies between them in the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism. The article demonstrates how such an integrative simulation model can serve as a viable laboratory tool for controlled experimentation to investigate the impacts of physical activity and diet on body weight and composition. RESULTS: In one experiment, weight loss from a moderate level of daily exercise was slightly less than the loss from dieting. Although exercise did have a favorable impact on body composition by protecting against the loss in fat-free mass (FFM), it, however, failed to blunt the drop in resting energy expenditure (REE) that accompanies diet-based weight loss. The smaller loss in FFM did indeed induce a smaller drop in REE, however, the preservation of FFM also affected a relatively larger loss in FM, which, in turn, induced a larger adaptive reduction in the metabolic rate. The two adaptations almost totally offset one another, causing minimal differences in REE. In a second experiment, exercise regimens of moderate- to high-level intensity proved counterproductive as weight-reducing strategies. However, when the diet was changed from a balanced composition to one that was highly loaded with carbohydrates, it became possible to sustain the intense exercise regimen over the experimental period and achieve a significant drop in body weight. CONCLUSION: The results underscore the significant interaction effects between physical activity, diet, and body composition and demonstrate the utility of computer-based experimentation to study, gain insight into, and make predictions about their dynamics.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

A psychiatric diagnostic system integrating probabilistic and categorical reasoning.

We describe a diagnostic support system for clinical psychiatry and its evaluation results. The system has two inter-related components: a rule-based reasoning part associated with uncertainty, and a deterministic part, that uses heuristics to perform categorical reasoning. The system includes the 30 groups of psychiatric diagnoses which are classified under the categories 290 to 319 of the DSM-III-R and the ICD-9. There are, in fact, 1508 rules relating 208 clinical findings with 257 diagnoses. The reasoning strategy is based on selecting and differentiating diagnostic categories in a hierarchical classification tree. The system is intended to be used for education of medical students, and to help non-specialist clinicians, residents in psychiatry, or experts with few years of experience in decision making. We tested the diagnostic performance of the system using case reports extracted from a specialized journal. In 52.8% of the cases, the correct diagnosis was ranked as the first hypothesis using only the rule-based part. In combination with the deterministic strategy, the correct diagnosis could be made for 73.6% of the analyzed cases.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2006

Integrated system for the treatment of oxides of nitrogen from flue gases.

A novel and effective system was developed for the complete treatment of NOx from flue gases. The system consisted of photocatalytic or ozone oxidation of NOx, followed by scrubbing and biological denitrification. Maximum photocatalytic oxidation of NOx was achieved while using powdered TiO2 at a catalytic loading rate of 10 g/h, relative humidity of 50%, and a space time of 10 s. The used catalyst was regenerated and reused. A total of 72% of oxidized NO was recovered as HNO3/HNO2 in the regeneration process. Stoichiometrically, 10% excess ozone was able to affect 100% oxidation of NO to NO2. Presence of SO2 adversely influenced the oxidation of NO by ozone. The scrubbing of NO was effective with distilled water. Heterotrophic denitrifiers were able to denitrify the leachate with an efficiency of 90%, using sewage (COD 450 mg/L) as electron donor. The new integrated treatment system seems to be a promising alternative for complete treatment of NOx from flue gases.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2006

Resources for integrative systems biology: from data through databases to networks and dynamic system models.

In systems biology, biologically relevant quantitative modelling of physiological processes requires the integration of experimental data from diverse sources. Recent developments in high-throughput methodologies enable the analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, interactome, metabolome and phenome on a previously unprecedented scale, thus contributing to the deluge of experimental data held in numerous public databases. In this review, we describe some of the databases and simulation tools that are relevant to systems biology and discuss a number of key issues affecting data integration and the challenges these pose to systems-level research.

Animals↗