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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Reaction of subcutaneous tissues to injection of Fluosol-DA, 20%.

To study the extent of tissue reaction, the blood substitute Fluosol-DA, 20%, blood, normal saline and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) were injected in equal amounts into the subcutaneous tissues of four separate regions of the dorsum of seven rats. The animals were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, and at 1, 2 and 6 weeks after injection. The injected areas were examined by light and electron microscopy and the reaction was graded semiquantitatively. Results indicated the following: (a) saline, as expected, produced only mild inflammation that quickly resolved; (b) blood caused a hematoma with recognizable erythrocytes for 7 days and by 14 days hemosiderin-laden macrophages and fibrosis were present; (c) Adriamycin caused necrotizing lesions that were delayed for 24 hours, were severe at 2 and 7 days, and caused the disappearance of the muscle layer by 14 days and (d) Fluosol-DA caused the appearance of foamy macrophages at 12 hours that persisted until at least 2 weeks after injection. The authors conclude that Fluosol-DA, 20%, is not inert and causes a characteristic inflammatory response when injected subcutaneously. Whether a clinically important problem from subcutaneous infiltration of Fluosol could arise, for example, around a peripheral intravenous catheter, has yet to be determined. At present, it is probably safer to administer this drug through a central vein.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Well differentiated adult-type fibrosarcoma arising from the occipital subcutaneous tissue in a 17-year-old man: case report with immunohistochemical study.

We report a case of a 17-year-old man with a spindle cell tumor in the occipital subcutaneous tissue. The enucleated tumor, measuring 2.5 x 2.0 x 1.0 cm, had a broad-bean shape and well circumscribed border and was localized to the subcutis without dermal involvement. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of uniform spindle cells showing interlacing bundle formation and a herringbone pattern. The neoplastic cells were separated by collagen fibers in parallel fashion, the amount of which varied with different areas in the tumor. Mitotic figures were eight mitoses per 50 high-power fields in number. The neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, Factor-XIIIa, alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD34, but negative for desmin, calponin, high molecular weight caldesmon, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, collagen type IV, laminin and S-100 protein. These immunohistochemical results indicated that the neoplastic cells showed differentiation toward fibroblasts/myofibroblasts/dendritic interstitial cells. Although more than 50% of the neoplastic cells were positive for CD34, the present tumor should be diagnosed as well differentiated fibrosarcoma, adult type, rather than extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor and fibrosarcomatous areas of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, on the basis of routine microscopic findings mentioned above.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of subcutaneous tissue gases and pH during induction of acidosis and alkalosis. An experimental study in pigs.

Peripheral tissue oxygen utilization was studied during hypoxic-induced acidosis and sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalosis in 8 domestic pigs by measurements of subcutaneous oxygen tension (PscO2), carbon dioxide tension (PscCO2) and pH (pH(sc)) in relation to central hemodynamic parameters and oxygenation. Hypoxic-induced acidosis resulted in a decrease in P(sc)O(2) [corrected] and arterial oxygen tension (P(a)O(2)) to one third of baseline values (p < 0.05), an increase in PscCO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) from 41 to 55 and 34 to 39 mm Hg, respectively (p < 0.05), and a decrease in pH(sc) from 7.47 to 7.30 (p < 0.05). PscO2 and PaO2 increased during reversal of hypoxia and infusion of bicarbonate (p < 0.05), without reaching baseline values. In parallel PscCO2 decreased and pH(sc) increased but changes lagged behind changes in blood gases. Alkalosis established by further infusion of bicarbonate resulted in a decrease in PaO2 to 62 mm Hg whereas PscO2 remained below baseline values (p < 0.05). Correction of oxygen utilization in the subcutaneous tissue as measured by the markers PscCO2 and pH(sc) is slower than indicated by changes in tissue oxygen tension, blood gases and pH. Overcompensation of acidosis with bicarbonate resulting in alkalosis impairs oxygenation.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1996

Vascular supply of the palmar subcutaneous tissue of fingers.

The arterial system of the palmar subcutaneous fatty tissue of fingers was studied by injecting a coloured silicone polymer into the vessels of 12 fresh human cadaver hands. Arterial vascularisation of these tissues is ensured by small palmar branches arising from the main digital arteries: there were an average of 7 branches on each side varying between 4 and 12 in the specimens studied. Three anatomical patterns could be distinguished: an I-shaped configuration in 64% of cases, a narrow V-shape in 23%, and a Y-shape in 13%. An accompanying venous network was always present and drained into either the superficial or deep venous network. These anatomical findings confirm the vascular reliability of the homodigital subcutaneous flap described by the authors.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Effect of oral OPC-28326, a selective femoral arterial vasodilator, on hindlimb subcutaneous tissue temperature in conscious dogs under buprenorphine sedation.

In dogs, rectal temperature was decreased to about 36 degrees C at 2 to 2.5 h after sedation with buprenorphine (0.3 mg/body, i.m.), and hindlimb subcutaneous tissue temperature (T(SC)) in the thigh decreased in a similar manner. T(SC) in the dorsum of the foot showed a greater decrease than that in the thigh. OPC-28326 (4-(N-methyl-2-phenylethylamino)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-propionyl-aminobenzoyl) piperidine hydrochloride monohydrate) at doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, p.o. inhibited the buprenorphine-induced decrease in T(SC) in the dorsum dose-dependently, but had little effect on that in the thigh or rectal temperature. In conclusion, T(SC) in the extremities were more sensitive to core temperature and peripheral circulation.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed2000

[Excision and suture in skin and subcutaneous tissue. Basic techniques of plastic surgery are essential for optimal cosmetic results].

The basic techniques of plastic surgery are of great practical importance in achieving the best possible results when reconstructing skin and subcutaneous tissue. Knowledge of the anatomy of the skin and the normal healing process is also essential. These fundamental principles of skin surgery include appropriate methods of infiltration anesthesia. Detailed descriptions of the technique of skin incision, excision of skin lesions and control of bleeding are given. Techniques of skin suture are described, and recommendations for optimal timing of suture removal and treatment of scar tissue are provided.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2000

[Excision and suture in skin and subcutaneous tissue. Basic techniques of plastic surgery are essential for optimal cosmetic results].

The basic techniques of plastic surgery are of great practical importance in achieving the best possible results when reconstructing skin and subcutaneous tissue. Knowledge of the anatomy of the skin and the normal healing process is also essential. These fundamental principles of skin surgery include appropriate methods of infiltration anesthesia. Detailed descriptions of the technique of skin incision, excision of skin lesions and control of bleeding are given. Techniques of skin suture are described, and recommendations for optimal timing of suture removal and treatment of scar tissue are provided.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1994

Lactate release from the subcutaneous tissue in lean and obese men.

Lactate concentration in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid and adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF, ml/100 g.min) were simultaneously measured with the microdialysis technique combined with 133Xe clearance in the abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue in nine lean and nine obese men. The studies were performed both in the postabsorptive state and 2 h after an oral glucose load and the results compared to the lactate levels in arterialized venous plasma. After an overnight's fast, arterial lactate was 738 +/- 49 and 894 +/- 69 microM (mean +/- SE) (P < 0.05) in the lean and obese subjects, respectively. The interstitial lactate levels were significantly higher than blood lactate in both subject groups without any regional differences. Abdominal and femoral ATBF was 3.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.4 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.4 ml/100 g.min (P < 0.05) in lean and obese subjects, respectively. Mean apparent lactate release from the abdominal vs. femoral adipose tissue in the fasting state was 10.5 +/- 3.1 vs. 8.6 +/- 2.3 and 6.0 +/- 2.3 vs. 8.5 +/- 2.3 mumol/kg.min (NS) in lean and obese subjects, respectively. Both plasma and interstitial lactate levels increased significantly after an oral glucose load in both subject groups. However, apparent lactate release increased significantly only in the lean group. It is concluded that subcutaneous adipose tissue is a significant source of whole-body lactate release in the postabsorptive state and that this is further enhanced in obese subjects due to their large adipose mass.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Influence of body posture on transcapillary pressures in human subcutaneous tissue.

Capillary pressure in the human circulation varies within a wide range depending on the height difference between the capillary and the heart. To study the influence of body posture on transcapillary pressures in subcutaneous tissue, 28 healthy volunteers were examined. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (IIi) was measured in fluid collected by implantation of multi-filamentous nylon wicks. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) was measured by a 'wick-in-needle' method. Samples for determination of plasma colloid osmotic pressure (IIp) were obtained by venipuncture. In the upright position IIi was 15.2 (SD 2.1) mmHg on the thorax and 10.4 (SD 2.1) mmHg at the ankle. Similar values were obtained in subjects examined after 2 h in a horizontal position. During sustained rest in bed (40 h) IIi on thorax was practically unchanged, while IIi at the ankle rose from 10.1 (SD 2.9) mmHg to 12.2 (SD 2.8) mmHg. Pi averaged -1.3 (SD 1.6) mmHg on the thorax and -0.4 (SD 2.5) mmHg at the ankle, but the difference was not statistically significant. Altogether the body-posture dependent variations in IIi and Pi are small, and can compensate for only a fraction of the changes in capillary pressure.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative analysis of the thickness of human skin and subcutaneous tissue following controlled expansion with a silicone implant.

Histologic quantitation of the thickness of human tissues that were expanded using silicone expanders showed that the epidermis underwent significant thickening after 5 weeks to 5 months of expansion. The dermis and subcutaneous tissue, on the other hand, were significantly thinner after expansion. Capsules were formed in all 19 patients. The capsule was significantly thickest after 2 to 2.5 months of expansion. Expanded tissues 2 years after cessation of expansion had the same thickness as control tissues and had no remnant fibrous capsule.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subcutaneous tissue fibroblasts transfected with muscle and nonmuscle actins: A good in vitro model to study fibroblastic cell plasticity.

Cultured fibroblasts develop several biochemical and morphological properties of smooth muscle cells, particularly the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, the actin isoform typical of vascular smooth muscle cells. They resemble modified fibroblasts or myofibroblasts observed in granulation tissue during wound repair and in fibrotic situations. We have analysed by immunolabeling the fate of exogenous epitope-tagged actin isoforms by transfection of the corresponding cDNAs into fibroblasts cultured from rat subcutaneous tissue. Tagged muscle actins were efficiently integrated into stress fibers and did not produce obvious changes in cell shape of transfected cells. Transfected nonmuscle actins in contrast changed the morphology and were not or poorly incorporated into stress fibers. These cultured subcutaneous fibroblasts behave similarly to smooth muscle cells when transfected with the same actin encoding cDNAs, indicating another common characteristic of these two cell types in sorting and targeting actin isoforms. Subcutaneous fibroblasts transfected with muscle and nonmuscle actin isoforms provide a good in vitro model to analyze the intracellular sorting of isoactins and to improve our knowledge of myofibroblast characterization and differentiation during tissue repair as well as to understand the relationships between modifications of actin cytoskeleton, adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Biooxidation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rat subcutaneous tissue.

The present study demonstrates the biooxidation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to the corresponding hydroxyalkyl metabolites, 7-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene, 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene, and 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of the rat, in vivo, a tissue highly susceptible to the carcinogenic action of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of splanchnic perfusion and oxygenation during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation in relation to subcutaneous tissue gases and pH. An experimental study in pigs with oleic acid-induced lung injury.

Evaluation of splanchnic perfusion and oxygenation was performed by measurements of serosal tissue oxygen tension (PserO2) and intramucosal pH (pHi) in relation to subcutaneous oxygen tension (PscO2), subcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PscCO2) and subcutaneous pH (pHsc) in pigs subjected to oleic acid-induced lung injury during ventilation with increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Lung injury resulted in a general hypoxia and redistribution of perfusion away from the subcutaneous and splanchnic tissues, illustrated by a decrease in PaO2 from 93 to 37 mm Hg (p < 0.01), PscO2 from 45 to 17 mm Hg (p < 0.01), PserO2 from 80 to 30 mm Hg (p < 0.01) and pHi from 6.84 to 6.74 (p < 0.05) and a decrease of porta flow from 0.77 to 0.57 l/min. Application of PEEP up to 10-15 cm H2O resulted in an increase of portal vein oxygen tension (PportaO2) from 21 to 34 mm Hg (p < 0.01), PscO2 from 17 to 26 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and PserO2 from 30 to 55 mm Hg (p < 0.05). At PEEP 20 cm H2O PserO2 decreased to 47 mm Hg (p < 0.05). Porta flow decreased continuously with increasing levels of PEEP. PserO2 correlated with PportaO2 (r = 0.7, p < 0.001). pHi correlated poorly with PportaO2 (r = 0.2) and porta flow (r = 0.4). PscO2 and PserO2 correlated well (r = 0.8, p < 0.001). In summary, splanchnic perfusion and oxygenation was better reflected by serosal oxygen tension than pHi in the colon. Changes in serosal oxygenation of the colon paralleled changes in subcutaneous tissue oxygenation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of the subcutaneous tissue in controls and patients before and after open-heart surgery: a comparison between the wick technique and the blister suction technique.

The purpose of this study was to compare the blister suction technique and the wick technique for measuring interstitial colloid osmotic pressure of subcutaneous tissue (COPif). Eight healthy volunteers and 14 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass using extracorporal circulation (ECC) were included in the investigation. Colloid osmotic pressure was measured in fluid collected either from blisters (COPbl) developed by application of subatmospheric pressure to the chest skin, or from nylon wicks (COPw) implanted subcutaneously on the chest in the same area as the blisters were formed. Colloid osmotic pressure was then recorded on a colloid osmometer made for 5 microliter samples. In the patients, the measurements were performed 12-18 h pre-operatively (mean 15 h) and, on average, 4 h (range 1.5-7 h) following termination of extracorporal circulation. In the control subjects as well as in the patients, COPbl was significantly lower than COPw. However, the two types of measurements were found to change in the same direction, as a highly significant positive correlation exists between the two methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Penetration of ceftazidime into serum, myometrium, endometrium, salpinges and subcutaneous tissue.

Thirty-one patients received an intravenous bolus injection of 2 g ceftazidime over 5 min at various times before abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Ceftazidime concentrations in myometrium, endometrium and salpinges reached 34% to 43% of the corresponding serum levels. Subcutaneous tissue concentrations were significantly lower. Tissue concentrations of 8 mg/l were maintained for at least 5 h.

Ceftazidime↗