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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Slime production and cell surface hydrophobicity of nasopharyngeal and skin staphylococci isolated from healthy people.

The collection of 314 staphylococcal strains including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was isolated from skin or nasopharynx of healthy people. It was found that the majority of staphylococci possessed the ability to produce slime intensively or moderately, irrespective of ecological niche-nose, throat or skin. Most of them showed the hydrophilic cell surface. However, among S. aureus skin isolates or CNS throat isolates predominated strains with hydrophobic cell surface. There was a slight correlation between slime production and the nature of cell surface among CNS isolates but not among S. aureus strains. It was found that most of slime-producing CNS strains showed hydrophilic cell surface, while slime-negative isolates usually possessed hydrophobic cell surface. Our data suggest that slime production but not cell surface hydrophobicity can be regarded as an essential colonization factor responsible for staphylococci adherence to skin or mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract. These data also suggest that slime production seems to be a general feature of staphylococci isolated from various niches of healthy people.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Nature of the phenotypic expression of novobiocin resistance in staphylococci].

The phenotypic features of novobiocin-sensitive and novobiocin-resistant staphylococci were studied comparatively and it was shown that mutations of staphylococci to phenotype Novr resulted in alteration of their pathogenicity, phage lysing and antigenic properties. Loss of phage receptors and a number of antigens as well as changes in multiplication activity of novobiocin resistant staphylococci were defined by alteration of the functional properties and antigenic specificity to teichoic acids. Possible transformation of pathogenic staphylococci into nonpathogenic ones on mutation to Novr is discussed.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1972

A collaborative investigation of phages for typing bovine staphylococci.

Seventeen collaborators tested a total of 6 999 cultures. The results were used to assess the usefulness of each phage for typing bovine staphylococci and to classify the phages into lytic groups and the cultures into phage groups. Some marked differences in the distribution of phage patterns from country to country were found. Evidence concerning the stability of the phage patterns is presented. On the basis of the results, a set of phages that would be generally useful for typing bovine staphylococci was selected. This set was established as the international basic set of phages for typing bovine staphylococci by the International Subcommittee on the Phage Typing of Staphylococci.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Electron microscopic investigations on encapsulated Staphylococci (author's transl)].

Attempts were made to study the surface of encapsulated staphylococci by electron microscopy. After fixation with osmium tetroxide the encapsulated staphylococci showed a "hazy" cell-surface, possibly because of capsular components (Fig. 1). On the other hand, the nonencapsulated staphylococci exposed a "smooth" surface of the cell wall (Fig 1). Similar findings were obtained after the immuneferritintechnique (Fig 2). The staphylococcal capsules could be clearly demonstrated by the "negative contrasting" method with ferritin (Fig 3). The capsules did not significantly enlarge after reaction of the encapsulated staphylococci with their homologous antiserum.

Ferritins↗
PubMed1984

[Streptococci and staphylococci in raw cow's milk on the market].

Studied were a total of 649 batches of raw cow milk produced on 42 farms, and 1100 flushing samples taken from 370 containers for the presence of pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci. It was found that 26.5 per cent, resp., 18.03 per cent of the batches contained coagulase-positive staphylococci and pathogenic streptococci (in 8.94 per cent--Str. agalactiae, in 6.0 per cent--Str. uberis, and in 3.08 per cent--Str. dysgalactiae ). In 28.3 per cent of the batches there were both strepto - and staphylococci that had pathogenic character. The study of the flushing material showed that the cleaning of containers for shipping the milk from the farms to the dairy processing enterprises was effective--only 1.62 per cent of the cisterns were contaminated with pathogenic strepto - and staphylococci.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Staphylococci in uncut raw dried meat products].

Studied were a total of 75 samples of raw-dried meat products in a compact form (dried beef, Gabrovska Keiser dried meat, pig salted neck, Trapezitsa rolled meat, Veliko Turnovo delicacy, and Elena fillet) produced at 11 Meat Works for the presence of staphylococci. It was found that the Staphylococcus titre in such raw-dried meat products was within the range of 10(-3) to 10(-7). Veliko Turnovo, Gabrovska, and Trapezitsa products were shown to be most contaminated. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were demonstrated in as much as 0.1 g of them--in the case of Elena fillet all samples were positive, with dried beef--10 samples, with Trapezitsa--7 samples, with Gabrovska--4 samples, and with pig salted neck 2 samples. The isolated strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (48) were chiefly of bovine origin, and were typed by means of a mixed phage set comprising phages of groups II, III, and IV. The most commonly established phage types were 53/6/42D77 and 42D/102/107/117/119/77/42E. The compact raw-dried meat products were shown to contain all species of staphylococci. Staphylococcus epidermidis was most often isolated (with the exception of Elena fillet).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci in the infected pulps.

In this study; slime factor which is produced by coagulase negative Staphylococci was investigated in infected pulps of 145 primary and permanent teeth. Staphylococci were isolated in 27% of the cultures and all of the isolated Staphylococci were coagulase negative (CNS) in permanent teeth whereas 75% of isolated Staphylococci were coagulase negative in primary teeth. Slime production rate was the same for both groups and 22% of CNS were found slime positive. It is thought that slime production is important not only in endodontic microbiology, but also in other fields of dentistry for the explanation of the pathogenesis of infection.

Bacterial Capsules↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification of staphylococci isolated from suppurative-inflammatory processes using the STAPHYtest].

Ninety-four strains of staphylococci isolated from patients with pyoinflammatory processes were identified with the use of STAPHYtest system. This test system helps identify 72% of strains. 80.9% of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated mainly from the wounds were identified as S. aureus. Half of coagulase-negative staphylococci were referred to S. epidermidis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are isolated almost equally frequently from all types of pathologic material.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

[Structure of drug resistance in Staphylococci].

The structure of drug resistance was studied on 2788 clinical strains of staphylococci isolated from various materials of patients with purulent-inflammatory processes, stuff and environment within 12 years from 1968 to 1973. The number of staphylococci resistant to tetracycline increased 13 times among the cultures with resistance marker, while the number of staphylococci resistant to penicillin decreased 1-8 times. The study of the complex resistance revealed the predominance of staphylococci with tetracycline resistance structure (60-5 percent).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Resistance to heavy metals in ruminal staphylococci].

Ruminal, coagulase-negative, urease and bacteriocin-like substances producing staphylococci were screened for their heavy metal ions and antibiotics resistance. All strains tested were resistant to disodium arsenate at a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC > 5 g/l) and cadmium sulphate (MIC > 4 g/l). MIC = 50-60 mg/l was determined in eight staphylococci screened in mercury chloride resistance test (Tab. I). Silver nitrate resistance was detected in seven of the bacteria used (MIC = 40-50 mg/l). All strains were novobiocin resistant. Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. urealyticum SCU 40 was found as a strain with resistance to all heavy metal ions and 5 antibiotics (Tab. II). In addition, this strain produced bacteriocin-like substance which inhibited growth of six indicators of different origin (Tab. II). The most of staphylococci were detected as heavy metal ion polyresistant strains and antibiotic polyresistant strains producing antimicrobial substances with inhibition effects against at least one indicator of different origin. These results represent the first information on heavy metal ion resistance in ruminal bacteria. They also show relation or coresistance between heavy metal ions and antibiotics. Resulting from this study, staphylococci can be used as a bioindicator model for animal environmental studies. In addition, it can be used for specific interactions studies within the framework of ruminal bacterial ecosystem and also mainly with regard to molecular genetic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Transmission of staphylococci from the nose to hands and eye-glasses as a nosocomial problem (author's transl)].

The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the pharynx, the nasal vestibule, as well as the eye-glasses and palms of both clinical personnel and of healthy subjects of the general population, resp., is reported. In either group, the findings were largely identical. About half of the subjects (46%) proved to be carriers of staphylococci, with the bacteria being mostly localized in the nasal vestibule (91%) rather than in the pharynx. The majority of those harbouring staphylococci in their nasal vesibule carried the same strains on their eye-glasses (67%) and on their hands (62%). The reason for the occurrence of pathogenic staphylococci, in most cases, in the nasal vestibule may be seen in the anatomical and physiological peculiarities of the pharynx and nasal vestibule, resp. While there is a highly efficient anti-bacterial defence system on the basis of both cellular and humoral mechanisms in the pharynx and oral cavity, the keratinizing stratified epithelium lining the nasal vestibule offers a milieu favourable for bacterial growth with regard to nutrients, temperature, and humidity, humoral and cellular defence mechanisms being virtually absent. With respect to nosocomial problems, the important conclusions to been drawn from the present data are the following: 1. surgical masks barring the penetration of bacteria should be used frequently, not only during surgical operations but also in emergency wards, infant care and premature baby wards, and in similar clinical areas requiring critical attention. 2. persons dependent on wearing eye-glasses should wear sterilized glasses when performing surgery, or subject their glasses to an efficient disinfection procedure. The latter also applies to all personnel wearing glasses in the clinical area. 3. The very frequent association between the occurrence of staphylococci in the nasal vestibule and the contamination of hands makes it imperative to observe a strict rountine of disinfection of hands in all critical areas (emergency ward, premature baby care etc.). In food hygiene, too, proper attention should be paid to the chain of staphylococcal contamination from nose to food. Therefore, to minimize the hazard in such high-risk situations as public canteens and in the manufacture of ice cream, a well-planned routine of hand disinfection should be adhered to.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1993

[Properties of adherent staphylococci isolated from the rumen wall in lambs].

Six defined strains of adherent, coagulase-negative and catalase-positive staphylococci were isolated from the rumen wall of lambs. All the strains fermented maltose and had positive acetoin production. The strains were classified as follows on the basis of diagnostic tests, according to an identification key: three strains belonged to the species Staphylococcus warneri (SW34, SW64, SW6), two to the species S. epidermidis (SE30, SE49) and one to the species S. cohnii subsp. urealyticum (SCU32)--Tab. I. The adherence index of the different isolates ranged from 1.9 +/- 0.02 to 14.9 +/- 2.12 of bacteria adhering to one epithelial cell of the rumen wall. There were large differences in urease production (2.3 +/- 0.15 to 29.3 +/- 1.16 nkat/ml). But in general the isolated staphylococci can be taken as strains with low, medium or high adherence, and/or urease activity (Tab. II). In the group of facultative anaerobic bacteria the staphylococci are the first, lactic acid producing bacteria and the attained production (0.164 to 0.687 mol/l) is adequate to their portion in the rumen (Tab. II). The isolated strains produced bacteriocin-like substances which inhibited the growth of maximally four out of the six used indicator bacteria of the same species, and also of a related species (Tab. III) while they showed small but clear zones of inhibition of the size 2 to 5 mm. In general, the mentioned staphylococci can be considered as little active producers of bacteriocin-like substances. All the tested strains were resistant to the observed heavy metals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Slime producing Staphylococci from clinical specimens - a simple diagnostic test.

Coagulase negative Staphylococci are now being increasingly recognised as pathogens. Some strains produce a viscous extracellular material or slime. These strains are uniquely adapted for adherence to even smooth surfaces. Present study is a preliminary report of 101 isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococci from different clinical specimens. Forty three of these 101 isolates (42.5%) were slime producers. The percentage of slime producing Staphylococci ranged from 20% in peritoneal fluid to 66.6% in Cerebrospinal fluid. The test for slime production may have an important application in deciding the pathogenecity of the strains of coagulase negative Staphylococci and should be done routinely in a diagnostic laboratory.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1996

[Staphylococci and enteric rods in the oral cavity of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

The frequency of isolation and the number of staphylococci and Gram-negative enteric rods in saliva were estimated in a group of 48 children of both sexes, aged 4-15 who were in the course of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The results were compared with the same parameters in a group of 44 healthy children of the same age. Staphylococci (both coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive) were found in the oral cavities of all healthy children and of 91.6% children with ALL. However, the diseased children harbouring staphylococci revealed a significantly higher average number of these bacteria than healthy children; the respective values were 3.59 and 3.02 log CFU/ml of saliva (p = 0.0148). The average number of staphylococci in saliva was in both groups of children in negative correlation with the number of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in blood. Gram-negative enteric rods were present in the oral cavities of 13.6% of healthy children and 33.3% of children with ALL (p = 0.0005), but the counts of these bacteria were comparable. The negative correlation between the number of these bacteria and the number of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in blood was not significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Some factors influencing the number of staphylococci in the mouth and throat of children].

The relationship between the count of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in blood and also between the percentage of oral and pharyngeal streptococci showing antagonistic activity on the indicator strain Staphylococcus aureus 209P and the number of staphylococci in the oral cavity and pharynx were investigated. The study comprised 92 children, of both sexes, aged 4-15; among them there were 48 children with the decreased number of circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes due to the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). A statistically significant negative correlation between the number of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in blood and the count of oral and pharyngeal staphylococci (both coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive) in children with ALL as well as in healthy children was revealed. The Pearsons linear correlation coefficients between these parameters were r = -0.364 (p < 0.001) and r = -0.313 (p = 0.019) for the oral cavity and for the pharynx, respectively. The streptococci showing antagonistic activity had only some influence on the count of staphylococci in the oral cavity. The Pearson's linear correlation coefficient between this number and the count of staphylococci in 1 ml of saliva was r = -0.382 (p < 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Deamination of adenine and adenosine in staphylococci].

Deaminations of adenine and adenosine by pattern strains of 24 staphylococcal species, were tested. During 3 hours of incubation of the suspensions of 8 staphylococci with adenine the liberation of ammonia occurred. The same staphylococci accumulated ammonia in the incubation medium with adenosine. The Staphylococcus intermedius PCM 2405 strain as opposite to the Staphylococcus aureus 536 strain in the media with adenine or adenosine accumulated hypoxanthine or inosine, respectively and ammonia. These results indicated that adenine deaminase (adenase) and adenosine deaminase activities were associated with the cells of the Staphylococcus intermedius PCM 2405 strain. Staphylococci were heterogeneous within three species groups with respect to adenine and adenosine deaminations. Adenine and adenosine determinations were absent in staphylococci belonging to the Staphylococcus simulans species group.

Adenine↗
PubMed1979

Relatedness among coagulase-negative staphylococci: deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation and comparative immunological studies.

DNA-DNA-homology values were determined under restrictive to relaxed reassociation conditions with type strains and some additional strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci belonging to ten different species. The immunological relationship of the catalases present in the type strains of these species was also determined by applying double immunodiffusion and microcomplement fixation. The results of these studies support the previous proposal to subdivide the coagulase-negative staphylococci into at least ten separate species. However, it is evident that some of the species are more closely realted than others and can form species groups. According to the results presented in this study, the coagulase-negative staphylococci can be combined into five species groups: The Staphylococcus saprophyticus group is composed of S. saprophyticus, S. xylosus and S. cohnii. The S. epidermidis group comprises S. epidermis, S. capitis and S. warneri. The S. hominis group which exhibits a significant relationship to S. epidermidis includes S. hominis and S. haemolyticus. The species group S. sciuri consists of S. sciuri ssp. sciuri and S. sciuri ssp. lentus and the species group S. simulans is presently represented by the corresponding single species.

Catalase↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of wall autolysis of staphylococci by sodium polyanethole sulfonate "liquoid".

Liquoid (polyanethole sulfonate) was neither capable of influencing the growth nor the viability of staphylococci. But liquoid induced a suppression of the activity of different autolytic wall systems of normally growing staphylococci, i.e., autolysins which participate in cross wall separation as well as autolysins which are responsible for cell wall turnover. Additionally, the lysostaphin-induced wall disintegration of staphylococci was inhibited by liquoid. However, no indication could be found for a direct inhibition of lytic wall enzymes by liquoid; rather an interaction of liquoid with the target structure for the autolytic wall enzymes, the cell wall itself, was postulated. On the basis of the experimental data with the teichoic acid- mutant S. aureus 52A5 the sites of wall teichoic acid were supposed to be an important target for the binding of liquoid to the staphylococcal cell wall.

Bacteriolysis↗