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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Recovery from colonic infection elicits serum IgG antibodies to specific Serpulina pilosicoli outer membrane antigens (SPOMA).

Colonic spirochetosis caused by S. pilosicoli is a disease of human and animals characterized by intimate attachment of the spirochete to colonic epithelial cells and colitis. To identify antigens that are potentially involved in recovery from the disease, whole-cell lysate (WC) and various detergent extracts including Sarkosyl-soluble (SS) and insoluble (SI), and Triton X-114 detergent phase (TXD) and aqueous phase (TXA) of the human isolate SP16 were examined by Western blotting with Serpulina spp. periplasmic flagellar protein FlaB-specific monoclonal antibody 7G2 as well as pooled pre-immune serum (PS), hyperimmune serum (HS), and convalescent serum (CS) from swine. The HS reacted with several antigens that were not identified by the CS, including the periplasmic flagellar proteins and some lower molecular weight bands. The CS identified three major immunoreactive double (D) or single (S) bands of approximately: (i) 64-kDa in the WC(S), SS(D), and TXD/A(S), (ii) 54-kDa in the WC(S), SS/I(S), and TXD(S), and (iii) 47-kDa in the SS(S) fraction. The data indicate recovery from colonic infection elicits serum IgG antibodies to specific S. pilosicoli outer membrane antigens (SPOMA).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Motility-regulated mucin association of Serpulina pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis of humans and animals.

Colonic spirochetosis is a disease of humans and animals characterized by colonization of the colonic mucus gel and intimate attachment of Serpulina pilosicoli to the apical membrane of enterocytes. Motility-regulated mucin association plays a key role in colonic infection by the related spirochete Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the cause of swine dysentery. In this study the chemotaxis of Serpulina pilosicoli porcine isolate P43/6/78, human isolate SP16, and canine isolate 16242-94 was examined by anaerobic incubation of each spirochete in control medium or medium containing increasing concentrations of D-L serine or porcine gastric mucin (PGM). The porcine isolate had a chemotactic response towards 10 mM D-L serine, but not towards PGM. By contrast, the human and canine isolates were attracted towards 0.1% PGM, but not towards DL-serine. The composition of the growth medium appeared to modulate the chemotactic response of S. pilosicoli towards PGM; the loss of a chemotactic response of spirochetes grown in medium without pig fecal extract was restored by growing the spirochetes in medium containing 0.1% PGM. Serpulina pilosicoli displays a chemotactic response towards PGM which is modulated by the presence of certain substrate during the growth phase of the spirochete.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Coiling phagocytosis is the predominant mechanism for uptake of the colonic spirochetosis bacterium Serpulina pilosicoli by human monocytes.

Serpulina pilosicoli is a newly identified pathogenic spirochete that establishes persistent colonic infections in human beings and animals. Macrophages are one of the key defenses against invasion of mucosal surfaces by bacterial pathogens. Macrophages engulf many bacteria by conventional phagocytosis; however recent studies indicate coiling phagocytosis as a new and important mechanism for internalization of Legionella pneumophila and spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, Leptospira, and Treponema. In this study, THP-1 human monocytic cells were incubated with the human S. pilosicoli strain SP16 and the contribution of coiling and conventional phagocytosis to the total number of phagocytic events were determined by sequential ultrastructural examination between 5 and 45 minutes. The frequency of phagocytosis increased over time from 5.1% after 5 minutes up to 21.9% after 45 minutes with greater than 70% of the events involving coiling phagocytosis. The data indicate that coiling phagocytosis may be a universal mechanism for uptake of pathogenic spirochetes.

Brachyspira↗
PubMed1999

Comparative pathology of bacterial enteric diseases of swine.

Enteric bacterial infections are among the most common and economically significant diseases affecting swine production worldwide. Clinical signs of these infections include diarrhea, reduced growth rate, weight loss, and death of preweaned, weanling, grower-finisher, young and adult age breeding animals. The most common etiological agents include Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Lawsonia intracellularis, Salmonella enterica, and Brachyspira (Serpulina) spp. With the exception of Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the cause of swine dysentery, and Lawsonia intracellularis, the cause of proliferative enteropathy, the pathological changes seen with these agents closely resemble the diseases occurring in human beings. Histological changes in the intestines of swine with enteric bacterial infections include bacterial colonization without significant damage (e.g., certain enterotoxigenic E. coli and C. perfringens type A), attaching and effacing lesions with enteropathogenic E. coli and Brachyspira pilosicoli, the cause of colonic spirochetosis, inflammation with S. enterica, and necrotizing and hemorrhagic lesions with certain C. perfringens. Extraintestinal spread of bacteria and/or toxins occurs with some serotypes of E. coli and most serotypes of S. enterica. Enteric bacterial diseases of swine have been used as models to study the pathogenesis of similar diseases of human beings. Several of these pathogens are also important causes of food-borne disease in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Phenotypic and genotypic profiles of human, canine, and porcine spirochetes associated with colonic spirochetosis correlates with in vivo brush border attachment.

A group of phenotypically and genotypically distinct weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes (WBHIS) have been associated with a diarrheal disease of humans, dogs and swine, designated colonic spirochetosis (CS). Because attachment of spirochetes to the brush border of colonic enterocytes is a consistent feature of CS, it may represent an important virulence mechanism. In this study, pure cultures of WBHIS obtained from humans, dogs, and swine with clinical signs or lesions of CS were compared with Serpulina innocens using biochemical, genotypic and an in vivo brush border attachment assay CS-associated WBHIS did not form genotypic and an in vivo brush border attachment assay CS-associated WBHIS did not form indole, but hydrolyzed hippurate. Analysis of genomic DNA using arbitrarily primed-PCR (AP-PCR) revealed that the CS-associated WBHIS had a closely related pattern which was distinctly different from that of S. innocens. For in vivo brush border attachment assays, one-day old chicks were inoculated by crop gavage with either sterile trypticase soy broth or broth containing either S. innocens or CS-associated WBHIS. On day 7 post-inoculation, the ceca of sham-inoculated control chicks and S. innocens-inoculated chicks had tall columnar enterocytes without spirochetes, and no spirochetes were isolated by culture on selective medium. Focal to segmental attachment of spirochetes to the brush border of superficial enterocytes was present in the ceca of chicks inoculated with WBHIS, and weakly beta-hemolytic spirochetes with effacement of the microvillous brush border of colonic enterocytes. Complete agreement between hippurate hydrolysis, specific- and AP-PCR assays and in vivo brush border attachment studies confirms the enteropathogencity of CS-associated WBHIS.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Molecular cloning and characterization of DNA from human intestinal spirochetes.

HindIII cleaved human intestinal spirochete genomic DNA was cloned into the plasmid vector pBluescript. The inserts from three of these clones (pRB.C33, pRB.C47 and pRB.F11) successfully hybridized with DNA from the nine human intestinal spirochetes used in this study. The fourth insert (from clone pRB.A8) failed to hybridize with DNA from two of these isolates (HRM4 and HRM9), and, all four of the inserts hybridized with the M1 strain of swine intestinal spirochete Treponema innocens. Hybridization with DNA from the P18 strain of Treponema hyodysenteriae was observed only for the probe pRB.F11. No hybridization was detected with the human strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. With these probes we were thus able to demonstrate, in southern blot experiments, a restriction site polymorphism among the isolates of the human intestinal spirochetes we tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Tubular structures associated with intracytoplasmic spirochetes.

When tissues of spirochete-infected brine shrimp (Artemia salina) were examined by electron microscopy, tubular structures were often seen closely associated with intracytoplasmic spirochete profiles. These tubules were never observed in association with spirochetes found in the haemocoeal or other extracellular spaces. Since the trilaminar layer comprising the wall of the tubules was identical in ultrastructure to the outer envelope of the spirochete, these structures were interpreted to be finger-like extensions of the spirochete outer envelope.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Electron microscopy studies of human intestinal spirochetes.

The ultrastructure of twenty human intestinal spirochetes was analyzed using the electron microscope. Negatively stained cells were generally found to be loosely and irregularly waved. The isolates had cell dimensions ranging from 0.18-0.35 micron in width and from 3.9-14.2 micron in length. Twin bundles of flagella were present in the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane. The majority of isolates had five flagella inserted sub-terminally at each cell end. Human intestinal spirochetes divide by binary fission. They are morphologically similar to swine intestinal treponemes, both pathogenic (Treponema hyodysenteriae) and non pathogenic (Treponema innocens), and different from Treponema pallidum, Treponema phagedenis and Borrelia burgdorferi. Following treatment with sodium deoxycolate, no bundles of cytoplasmic microtubules were observed in cells obtained from cultures of human and swine intestinal spirochetes or from cells of B. burgdorferi, while these structures were present in similarly treated cells of T. pallidum and T. phagedenis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi nov. gen., nov. sp.: variable-diameter composite spirochete from microbial mats.

Large (up to 100 micrometers long), loosely coiled, free-living spirochetes with variable diameters (from 0.4 to 3 micrometers in the same cell) were seen at least 40 times between August 1990 and January 1993. These spirochetes were observed in mud water and enrichment media from highly specific habitats in intertidal evaporite flats at three disjunct localities, one in Spain and two in Mexico. All three are sites of commercial saltworks. Associated with Microcoleus chthonoplastes the large spirochetes from Spain display phototaxis and a composite organization. Shorter and smaller-diameter spirochetes are seen inside both healthy and spent periplasm of larger ones. Small spirochetes attached to large ones have been observed live. From two to twelve spirochete protoplasmic cylinders were seen inside a single common outer membrane. A distinctive granulated cytoplasm in which the granules are of similar diameter (20-32 nanometers) to that of the flagella (26 nanometers) was present. Granule diameters were measured in thin section and in negatively-stained whole-mount preparations. Based on their ultrastructure, large size, variable diameter, number of flagella (3 to 6), and phototactic behavior these unique spirochetes are formally named Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi. Under anoxic (or low oxygen) conditions they formed blooms in mixed culture in media selective for spirochetes. Cellobiose was the major carbon source in 80% seawater, the antibiotic rifampicin was added, mat from the original field site was present and tubes were incubated in the light at from 18-31 degrees C. Within 1-2 weeks populations of the large spirochete developed at 25 degrees C but they could not be transferred to fresh medium.

Environmental Microbiology↗
PubMed1990

Mobilifilum chasei: morphology and ecology of a spirochete from an intertidal stratified microbial mat community.

Spirochetes were found in the lower anoxiphototrophic layer of a stratified microbial mat (North Pond, Laguna Figueroa, Baja California, Mexico). Ultra-structural analysis of thin sections of field samples revealed spirochetes approximately 0.25 micrometer in diameter with 10 or more periplasmic flagella, leading to the interpretation that these spirochetes bear 10 flagellar insertions on each end. Morphometric study showed these free-living spirochetes greatly resemble certain symbiotic ones, i.e., Borrelia and certain termite spirochetes, the transverse sections of which are presented here. The ultrastructure of this spirochete also resembles Hollandina and Diplocalyx (spirochetes symbiotic in arthropods) more than it does Spirochaeta, the well known genus of mud-dwelling spirochetes. The new spirochete was detected in mat material collected both in 1985 and in 1987. Unique morphology (i.e., conspicuous outer coat of inner membrane, large number of periplasmic flagella) and ecology prompt us to name a new free-living spirochete.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The spirochetal etiology of lymphocytic meningoradiculitis of Bannwarth (Bannwarth's syndrome).

In all the sera of four patients with meningoradiculitis of Bannwarth admitted to the neurological department of the University Clinic Grosshadern in Munich in 1983, we found antibodies against Ixodes dammini spirochetes. In three patients antibodies were also present in the CSF. In one patient, we isolated spirochetes from the CSF and demonstrated specific IgG antibodies in serum and CSF. This spirochete was morphologically indistinguishable from the I. dammini spirochete and a spirochete isolated from the thick I. ricinus in the Munich area. Despite distinct differences in the clinical manifestation of Lyme disease when accompanied by neurological complications and meningoradiculitis of Bannwarth, we suggest that both diseases are caused by spirochetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Is biopsy necessary if colonoscopy is normal?

Multiple endoscopic biopsies were taken from 100 consecutive patients who had a macroscopically normal colon at colonoscopy. Of these, 78 were regarded as histologically normal; 13 cases of melanosis coli, 7 cases of intestinal spirochetosis, and 2 cases of collagenous colitis were identified. In no cases was there histologic evidence of inflammatory bowel disease. Histologic abnormality could not be predicted by retrospective analysis of various clinical, hematologic and biochemical data. In individual subjects the microscopic abnormality was present to a varying degree in all biopsies, except in intestinal spirochetosis where patchy distribution occurred in some subjects. It is therefore concluded that significant pathology may be missed without biopsy of the apparently normal colon, but in order to reduce the workload of pathology departments and shorten the duration of the examination two biopsies from the hepatic flexure and sigmoid colon may be adequate.

Adolescent↗