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Results for “Social Protection”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Protecting children from chemical exposure: social work and U.S. social welfare policy.

Evidence suggests that the combinations of over 70,000 to 75,000 chemicals in air, land, water, and food to which children are exposed daily are instrumental in increasing the rates and severity of preventable childhood illness from asthma, leukemia, and other diseases. This article defines chemical contamination and reviews data regarding the ubiquity of toxic chemicals in the United States. It describes major risk pathways to fetuses and children at different developmental stages and discusses evidence regarding exposure and harm to children from chemical contamination. The adequacy of national social welfare and environmental policies is assessed and policy-level interventions are recommended to address the unique vulnerability of children--especially children who are poor and children of color-to toxic chemicals. The authors review the roles for social workers in protecting current and future generations from environmental contaminants.

Child↗
PubMed2006

The protective value of social capital against teen pregnancy: a state-level analysis.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether social capital may explain differences in teen pregnancy rates in the contiguous United States. METHOD: State-level correlational analyses were conducted. Predictor variables included social capital, income inequality, and poverty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: State-level rates of pregnancy for girls 15-19 years old. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, social capital was inversely correlated with teen pregnancy rates. The obtained correlation was strong (r = -.78) and achieved significance (p < .001). Poverty and income inequality were also significantly correlated with teen pregnancy rates, but the magnitude of these correlations was lower. In a linear regression model, poverty failed to retain significance; however, income inequality achieved significance and produced a Beta value of .24 (p = .017). Social capital was nonetheless a much stronger multivariate predictor of teen pregnancy rates (producing a Beta value of -.672). CONCLUSION: Findings from this state-level analysis suggest that social capital may explain differences between states with respect to teen pregnancy rates. Thus, social capital may play an important role in the prevention of teen pregnancy. This initial finding warrants subsequent empirical investigations designed to identify strategies that can be employed to foster the creation of social capital in communities and entire states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The protective effect of social engagement on 1-year mortality in a long-stay nursing home population.

We examined the effect of social engagement (SE) on mortality in 30,070 long-stay nursing home residents who were > or =65 years of age and did not have a serious communication problem. Information on SE and resident characteristics were obtained from the Minimum Data Set, and death information was obtained from the National Death Index. Life table analyses show that greater levels of SE are associated with longer survival (P=.0001). Adjusted proportional hazards regression results show that for each increase in the SE scale, residents are 0.94 (range 0.92-0.95) times as likely to die during the follow-up period, independent of known factors associated with mortality. Future studies are needed to understand psychological and other factors related to residents' capacity and motivation for social engagement that could increase quality and quantity of life in nursing home residents.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Increased hospitalization risk for recently widowed older women and protective effects of social contacts.

This study examines effects of recent widowhood on health for a nationally representative sample of older women in the United States. Mediating effects of social connectedness on the health of recently widowed women are also explored. Using data from the 1984-1990 Longitudinal Study of Aging and Medicare claims, discrete-time hazard models estimate the risk of hospitalization for any 30-day period for women who were married at the time of the baseline survey (n = 1,138). Compared to women who are not recently widowed, those recently widowed have a 40% higher risk of hospitalization. Social connectedness, measured by having phoned a friend/neighbor or family member in the period prior to the baseline survey, significantly decreases hospitalization risk for the recently widowed. The findings indicate that recent widowhood has a large adverse effect on the health of older women. Results highlight the need to provide additional support to recently widowed older women.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

AIDS, social work, and the "duty to protect".

This article discusses social workers' obligations in cases where clients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pose a threat to a third party. Emphasis is on cases where a client diagnosed with AIDS withholds that information from a sexual partner. Legal and ethical issues concerning the limits of confidentiality and the social worker's "duty to protect" third parties are reviewed. Relevant case law and emerging ethical standards in various professions are summarized. The author reviews legal precedents concerning disclosure of confidential information without a client's permission and discusses their relevance to AIDS cases. Implications and guidelines for social workers are outlined.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1980

Role strain and burnout in child-protective service workers.

Social workers in child-protective services have always been called on to fulfill complex and demanding roles. In recent years dramatic increases in public and professional awareness of child neglect and abuse have produced new patterns of service delivery and rapidly expanding expectations for protective-service workers. At the same time, the problem of job dissatisfaction and burnout among these workers has received increased attention and may be becoming more widespread. This article reports on a study which applies the role conflict and ambiguity theory developed by Kahn and others to the problem of job dissatisfaction among protective-service social workers.

Adult↗