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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of storage of granulocytes on their fate in vivo.

During storage of granulocytes, the chemotactic response deteriorates first and to the greatest extent. Because in vitro assays such as chemataxis may not adequately predict the fate of granulocytes in vivo, we determined the intravascular kinetics and migration into skin windows of indium-111 labeled granulocytes. Granulocytes stored for 24 hours at either 1 to 6 or 20 to 24 degrees C had significantly reduced intravascular recoveries and migration into skin windows. Granulocytes stored for only eight hours at 20 to 24 degrees C had normal intravascular recovery and migration into skin windows. In granulocytes stored for eight hours at 1 to 6 degrees C, the intravascular recovery and migration into skin windows were reduced. Because of the method of calculating migration, this observation suggests that granulocytes which do circulate after storage at 1 to 6 degrees C had decreased ability to migrate into the skin windows. Granulocytes can be stored for up to eight hours at 20 to 24 degrees C without reduction in their ability to circulate and migrate to a site of inflammation. However, since many practical issues in granulocyte storage are not resolved, granulocytes should be transfused as soon as possible after collection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neutrophil transfusion. In vivo function of neutrophils collected using cell separators.

Effective transfusion therapy depends, in part, upon the ability of the transfused neutrophils to function normally in the recipient. To evaluate the in vivo function of neutrophils obtained with two widely used newer cell separators (Fenwal CS-3000 and IBM 2997), neutrophil concentrates from 12 normal subjects were labeled in vitro with 3H-diisopropylfluorophosphate, reinfused into the donor, and blood kinetics and skin chamber accumulation of the labeled cells were measured. Results were compared with previously obtained data (referred to as "normal") using neutrophils collected by phlebotomy. Blood kinetic measurements of cells obtained with the CS-3000 were normal, whereas blood recovery of cells obtained with the 2997 was decreased moderately. The percent of infused neutrophils localizing to the skin chamber was 0.101 and 0.044 for CS-3000 and 2997 cells, respectively; neither value was significantly different from normal (0.066). Thus, neutrophils collected using either of these cell separators function normally or nearly so in vivo.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed2005

[T-cells activated with a trifunctional bi-specific antibody in head and neck cancer].

BACKGROUND: The trifunctional bi-specific antibody Removab bridges and activates CD3 positive T cells to EpCAM on carcinoma cells and simultaneously binds to an accessory immune cell, thus inducing tumor cell lysis. Following intravenous application, Removab may induce cytokine-related side effects resulting in a sepsis like syndrom. It was questioned, if peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMN) already opsonized with Removab could retain antitumor activity and induce less cytokine release than the mere antibody. METHODS: PBMN of patients with head and neck cancer were incubated with Removab and the released cytokines were washed out. Then the Removab-opsonized PBMN were coincubated with genuine tumor cells of the same patient on a chorioallantois membrane for 24 h (T 24) and 48 h (T 48). Tumor cells coincubated with Cisplatin or solely cell culture medium served as control. RESULTS: Coincubation of tumor cells with opsonized PBMN resulted in a 32 % decrease of viable cells at T 24 and a 37 % decrease at T 48, whereas viable cells increased by 10 % at T 24 or 3 % at T 48 when incubated with medium alone (p < 0.05). This tumor cytotoxicity was similar to that of Cisplatin (35 % at T 24/37 % at T 48). CONCLUSION: In an autologous human ex vivo tumor system, Removab-opsonized PBMN induce tumor cell lysis with significantly reduced cytokine release after i. v. application.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In vivo assessment of neovascularization and incorporation of prosthetic vascular biografts.

Neovascularization plays a major role in prosthetic vascular graft healing. New developments in manufacturing biomaterials have encouraged the use of biological and biosynthetic materials for both arterial replacement and bypass procedures. We have analyzed in vivo the process of neovascularization and incorporation of biolized bovine carotid artery (Solco P), a biological material, and the composite of ovine collagen and polyester mesh (Omniflow), a biosynthetic material. The synthetic fabric polytetrafluorethylene (e-PTFE), which is widely used in cardiovascular surgery, served as control. Using the dorsal skinfold chamber of the Syrian golden hamster as site for implantation (n = 15), angiogenesis and neovascularization were analyzed quantitatively by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy. In each chamber a piece (approximately 1 mm2) of each of the three vascular grafts was implanted. Five days after implantation neovascularization was ascertained in 90% of the Omniflow grafts, while only 40% of the PTFE and 20% of the Solco P implants revealed new ingrowing microvessels. On day 10 the density of newly formed microvessels was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in Omniflow grafts (263.5 +/- 24.1 cm-1) as compared to PTFE (134.2 +/- 20.8 cm-1) and Solco P (153.2 +/- 32.0 cm-1). In addition, the biosynthetic composite revealed a larger extension of neovascularization into the perigraft tissue, and 12 days after implantation these grafts were most tightly incorporated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Granulocyte function in myelodysplastic syndrome before and after low-dose cytarabine therapy].

Granulocytic phagocytosis ability (phagocytosis index in peripheral blood and in skin chamber exudate) and in vivo chemotaxis (skin chamber leukocyte mobilisation) were investigated in 22 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (19 men, three women, mean age 66.1 [46-82] years). The control group consisted of 20 young, healthy subjects (13 men, seven women, mean age 25 [22-27] years). The studies were repeated in twelve of the patients after 10 days of low-dose cytarabine therapy (10 mg twice daily subcutaneously). Before treatment, total leukocyte mobilisation (TLM) after 24 hours (3.43 +/- 0.6 G/l.cm2) and phagocytosis index (PI(blood): 33.9 +/- 16.6%, PI(skin) chamber: 34.1 +/- 13.1%) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in controls (TLM: 6.7 +/- 0.78 G/l.cm2, PI(blood): 59.6 +/- 17.8%, PI(skin) chamber: 37.4 +/- 18.1%). Following treatment for 10 days, the values were still depressed or had even worsened (TLM: 3.09 +/- 0.97 G/l.cm2; PI(blood): 35.6 +/- 24.1%, PI(skin) chamber: 19.9 +/- 8.6%; all P < 0.05). Investigation of granulocytic function in myelodysplastic syndrome may reveal evidence of reduced immune protection by these cells against infection. Low-dose cytarabine therapy does not seem to affect cell differentiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. A failure of monocyte production.

In five cases of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis studied, profound monocytopenia was demonstrable. In 48 normal subjects, monocyte counts ranged from 215 to 921 per cubic millimeter, whereas in the five patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, the counts ranged from 0 to 17 per cubic millimeter. The properties of the "hairy" cell are consistent with those of an incompletely developed monocyte. The susceptibility to infection, characteristics of these patients, may result from a lack of normal monocytes in blood and tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Wound-induced angiogenesis and its pharmacologic inhibition in a murine model.

BACKGROUND: A novel synthetic compound, SU5416, inhibits subcutaneous tumor growth of cells. Because angiogenesis in tumor growth and wound healing involves similar mechanisms, we examined whether SU5416 inhibits wound-induced angiogenesis. METHODS: Sixteen female BALB/c mice were randomized to receive either SU5416 (n = 8) or vehicle alone (n = 8) on day -2. On day 0, transparent window chambers were implanted into the dorsal skin flap. Treatment was stopped on day 7. On days 1, 7, and 14, micrographs of the windows were taken and microvessel density was estimated. RESULTS: On day 1, no statistically significant difference was noted between the microvessel density in controls and treatments. After the mice underwent treatment from day -2 to day 7 and microvessel densities were analyzed on day 7, angiogenesis was significantly inhibited in the SU5416 group (P <.001). Seven days after cessation of treatment, however, the SU5416 group showed complete recovery in angiogenesis. The increase in microvessel density in the SU5416 group on day 14 from day 7 was not significantly different from that of the control group (P >.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that SU5416, a known inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis, also inhibited wound-induced angiogenesis in our murine wound model. This inhibitory effect is significant while the mice are undergoing treatment.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed1981

Skin window immune response to normal human IgG in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

The skin window technic was utilized to determine the reactivity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) to human IgG (H-IgG). The response to H-IgG was compared in nine patients with RA, 20 patients with APSGN, and 10 normal individuals. All subjects were tested concomitantly with the saline solution used as solvent for H-IgG. The normal controls and five patients were challenged, in addition, with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis antigen (DPT) to which they had previous prophylactic exposure. The following results were obtained: 1) Four patients with RA and nine patients with APSGN responded with increased lymphocyte migration (more than 2 SD above the normal mean level) at nine and 12 hours. 2) The mean estimated immunogenic lymphocytosis (calculated subtracting the lymphocyte counts of the saline skin windows) of both patient groups was significantly higher than that of controls at the same time intervals. 3) The response of normal individuals and patients to DPT was comparable in time of appearance and intensity to the response of patients to H-IgG. Our studies that patients with RA and APSGN respond to H-IgG in a manner comparable to that observed with a known antigenic stimulus and support a clinical role for antiglobulin reactivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis and other superficial and systemic mycoses successfully treated with ketoconazole.

Four patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis from early infancy were treated successfully with ketoconazole given orally. All thrush lesions were clinically and mycologically cured within a few days of treatment with 100-400 micrograms of ketoconazole daily; skin lesions were cured within a few weeks, and nails were cured after about three months of treatment. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to candidin was acquired by the third month. Cellular and humoral immunologic responses were related to the suppression of Candida albicans antigen by ketoconazole. A fifth patient with chronic lingual granuloma due to C. albicans improved considerably. Favorable results also were seen in individual patients with oral and disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum; laryngeal, pulmonary, and hepatic disease with continuous fever also due to H. capsulatum; pulmonary histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma duboisii; cutaneous sporotrichosis; and cutaneous blastomycosis due to Blastomyces dermatitidis and in three patients with favus due to Trichophyton schoenleinii; six of seven patients with tinea capitis due to Trichophyton violaceum (after one month of treatment); and four patients with infections due to Petriellidium boydii, Phialophora pedrosoi, or Beauveria species. All patients responded rapidly to 400 mg of ketoconazole per day given orally. Only the patient with hepatic histoplasmosis required 800 mg per day. Measurements of ketoconazole in the serum during treatment were useful in the evaluation of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of tissue penetration of antibiotics.

Past efforts to characterize the ability of antibiotics to penetrate into tissues is reviewed, particularly the results of models that reflect the concentration of antibiotics in interstitial fluid (i.e., skin blisters, tissue chambers, skin chambers, wound exudates, implanted fibrin clots, and peripheral lymph). The preferable sources of such fluid appear to be skin chambers, suction-induced skin blisters, and peripheral lymph. Extent of penetration of antibiotics into tissue fluid is related to the amount of antibiotic not bound to protein. Protein binding is particularly inhibitory to penetration when greater than 80% of the antibiotic is bound. It is preferable to follow the extravascular concentrations of antibiotic for longer periods than is usually done. The ability of antibiotics to penetrate is best evaluated by use of the ratio of the area under the concentration curve (AUC) for antibiotic in the peripheral locus to the AUC for serum. Pharmacokinetic analysis should be done with data from each individual, not with data derived from curves using mean values. Penetration into fibrin, lymph, and chambers implanted in tissues follows Fick's law of diffusion. Lag times indicate the interval before penetration of antibiotic in serum to the peripheral locus may be observed. First-order, one-compartment, open models are applicable to the characterization of extravascular concentrations of antibiotics. The AUC for antibiotic in serum during a time interval is the factor determining the amount of agent that passes into an extravascular focus. Concentrations of drug in tissues are lower than those in serum; the peaks occur simultaneously or shortly after the maximal levels are reached in serum, and for most antibiotics the elimination of antibiotics from extravascular parts of the body is slower than from serum, particularly for agents with a half-life in serum of less than 4-5 hr.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Neutrophil function in healthy elderly subjects.

Ten healthy elderly volunteers (mean age: 78.9) underwent a battery of neutrophil function tests. Resting adherence to endothelium, random and directed migration, phagocytosis-induced chemiluminescence, and granule secretory behavior were all indistinguishable from young healthy controls. However, in vivo delivery of neutrophils into skin abrasions was significantly reduced: 8.4 X 10(5), versus 2.7 X 10(6) in the young. In addition, their neutrophils showed a smaller increase in the surface adhesion glycoprotein CD11 and in adherence to endothelium in response to stimulation with FMLP than did cells from young controls. Inversely, baseline CD11 expression was higher in elderly subjects, suggesting that their cells may have an in vivo defect in mediator responsiveness. Serum immunoglobulin and complement concentrations were also compared. The mean IgM level of 106.3 mg/dl in the elderly was significantly below the 154.4 mg/dl in the young. In contrast, concentrations of C3, C4, and total hemolytic complement were significantly higher in the elderly.

Adult↗