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HISTONE STAINING WITH AMMONIACAL SILVER.

Under controlled conditions, ammoniacal silver (A-S) stains the bands of Dipteran salivary gland chromosomes in a precise and selective manner. Such staining is dependent upon the histone content of the band, as shown by the effects of selective extraction and blocking of the histones. The effects of qcid extraction and HONO solution on the A-S staining of different bands suggest that specific genes may have particular histones associated with them.

Ammonium Compounds↗

XPS and STM studies of pseudo-AgX monolayers organized on Ag(111) and Au/Ag(111) surfaces.

Simple and well-defined model AgX surfaces are useful to illuminate a variety of surface-related phenomena associated with AgX microcrystals in a different perspective with fewer experimental impediments. From this viewpoint, we discuss a couple of pseudo-AgX monolayers that can be organized on a highly planar sputter-grown Ag(111) or ultrathin-Au-covered Ag(111) film. The monolayer structures have been satisfactorily characterized by combination of XPS and STM methods. In particular, the monolayer AgX formed on Au/Ag(111) proved to have an almost identical structure with the bilayer AgX(111) atomic configuration, thus serving as a superior monolayer model of AgX or pseudo 2D ionic crystal for deeper understanding of the processes involving the AgX surfaces.

Gold Compounds↗

Selective functionalization of independently addressed microelectrodes by electrochemical activation and deactivation of a coupling catalyst.

We demonstrate selective functionalization of independently addressed microelectrodes by electrochemical activation and deactivation of a coupling catalyst. 1,2,3-Triazole formation between terminal acetylenes and organic azides is efficiently catalyzed by copper(I) complexes (a Sharpless "click" reaction), while the oxidized copper(II) complexes are inactive. By electrochemically activating or deactivating the catalyst by switching its redox state, we demonstrate control over triazole formation between surface-immobilized azides and ethynylferrocene. The reaction proceeds on the time scale of minutes using submicromolar concentration of reactants and catalyst, requires mild potentials for catalyst activation and deactivation, and works in aqueous and mixed aqueous-organic solvents. By appropriate biasing of each electrode, we selectively modify one of two chemically identical 10-mum-wide electrodes separated by 10 mum in an interdigitated array. The ability to switch on or off the reaction by electrical addressing together with the chemoselectivity of this reaction makes Cu(I)-catalyzed triazole formation an ideal method for the chemical modification of multielectrode arrays.

Catalysis↗