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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Opiates in poppy seed: effect on urinalysis results after consumption of poppy seed cake-filling.

We report the analysis of poppy seed filling for morphine and codeine content. Concentrations in the range 17.4 to 18.6 micrograms/g (morphine) and 2.3 to 2.5 micrograms/g (codeine) were found in different lots of the filling, which is widely used in baking. The effect of consumption of poppy seed filling on opiate urinalysis results is discussed. Morphine concentrations as high as 4.5 mg/L are reported, with persistence of concentrations greater than 0.3 mg/L as long as 35 h after consumption.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1999

State and phase transition behaviors of quercus rubra seed axes and cotyledonary tissues: relevance to the desiccation sensitivity and cryopreservation of recalcitrant seeds

Freezing and melting transitions of cellular water in embryonic axes and cotyledonary tissues of recalcitrant Quercus rubra (red oak) seeds were compared under slow and rapid cooling conditions. The relevance of desiccation sensitivity (critical water content) and state/phase transition behaviors to cryopreservation was examined. Under a slow to intermediate cooling condition (</=10 degrees C min(-1)), unfrozen water content in the tissues decreased to less than the critical water content, resulting in a dehydration damage. Under a rapid cooling condition (>100 degrees C min(-1)) using liquid nitrogen (LN(2)), freeze-induced dehydration damage could be avoided if the initial water content was >0.50 g g(-1) dry wt. However, at water content >0.50 g g(-1) dry wt, the vitrified cellular matrix was highly unstable upon warming at 10 degrees C min(-1). These results offered a theoretical explanation on the difficulty for successful cryopreservation of recalcitrant red oak embryonic axes. A complete state/phase transition diagram for red oak axes was constructed, and a vitrification-based cryopreservation protocol that employed predehydration and rapid cooling was examined. State/phase transition behaviors of cellular water are important parameters for cryopreservation; however, vitrification alone was not sufficient for seed tissues to survive the cryopreservation condition. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacological studies of water extract of the Zizyphus seed and the Zizyphus seed containing drug.

1. The pharmacological properties of a water extract of the Zizyphus seed (HO2) and that of the Zizyphus seed containing drug (HO1) were studied. 2. After oral or intraduodenal administration of 3 g/kg of HO1 or HO2, the hypnotic effects induced by hexobarbital-Na (38 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam-induced sleep in mice were potentiated. 3. After oral or intraduodenal administration of 3 g/kg of HO1 or HO2, gastric juice secretion and ulcers induced by water immersion stress, histamine and reserpine in rats were inhibited.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1989

The clinical advantages of I-125 seeds as a substitute for Ir-192 seeds in temporary plastic tube implants.

In August of 1986 at William Beaumont Hospital, Iodine-125 (I-125) seeds were introduced in the clinical practice as a substitute for Iridium-192 (Ir-192) seeds in patients undergoing temporary plastic tube interstitial implants. Through February 1988, 108 I-125 implants were performed in 105 patients. Acute and chronic toxicity was indistinguishable from Ir-192. However, improved radiation safety and a dynamic dosimetric program have resulted from this endeavor. Because of the multiple clinical advantages of I-125, we feel that this should be considered the isotope of choice in temporary interstitial plastic tube implants.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed2005

Determination of the coding and non-coding nucleotide sequences of genuine Edmonston-Zagreb master seed and current working seed lot.

To confirm the genetic stability of the Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine strain, we determined and compared the nucleotide sequences of genuine Edmonston-Zagreb master seed (EZ D22) and current working seed lot (EZ D24 2/99). Sequence analysis and comparison of the two sequences confirmed that these two sequences are the same at the molecular level. The obtained sequences were also compared to reference strains, i.e. Edmonston wild-type (Edmonston Wt) AF266288 and Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) AF266290 vaccine strain. The sequence of EZ D22 differed from the Edmonston Wt in 32 nucleotides. EZ D22 differed from EZ AF266290 in six nucleotides. Coding substitution at position 441 and two silent substitutions at positions 11999 and 14612 in the L gene are unique to EZ D22. The differences found between EZ from different sources can be a good reason for periodical sequence analysis of the same strain in the hands of different manufactures.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1968

Phytochrome and Seed Germination. IV. Action of Light Sources With Different Spectral Energy Distribution on the Germination of Tomato Seeds.

Germination of tomato seeds exposed to a single, saturating irradiation from light sources of different spectral energy distribution seems to be dependent upon the photostationary P(FR)/P(R) ratio established by the irradiation. Germination of tomato seeds exposed to prolonged irradiations from the same light sources does not seem to be controlled solely by the P(FR)/P(R) ratio induced and maintained by the irradiation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1974

The Metabolism of Hormones during Seed Germination and Dormancy: IV. The Metabolism of (S)-2-C-Abscisic Acid in Ash Seed.

Embryos from dormant and stratified Fraxinus americana seed were incubated with (S)-2-(14)C-abscisic acid (ABA) under a variety of conditions. Both dormant and stratified embryos rapidly metabolize abscisic acid to phaseic acid, dihydrophaseic acid, and an unidentified polar metabolite apparently derived from dihydrophaseic acid. Although the stratified embryos may have an increased capacity to metabolize abscisic acid, our calculations suggest that such an increased capacity would probably not be physiologically significant.Dormant intact seeds also metabolize (S)-2-(14)C-abscisic acid during stratification at 5 C or incubation at 25 C. The metabolites appear to be similar to those observed in excised embryos although by 12 days of stratification a fourth metabolite is observed. More than 90% of the (14)C-abscisic acid was metabolized after 26 days of stratification at 5 C or after 12 days of incubation at 25 C. Stratification at 5 C leads to the breaking of dormancy while incubation at 25 C does not.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

P Nutrition during Seed Development : Leaf Senescence, Pod Retention, and Seed Weight of Soybean.

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) leaf senescence, which may partially result from mineral redistribution, appears to limit grain yield. Two experiments were designed to test the effects of supplemental inorganic phosphate (Pi), K, malate, and methionine (Met) infusions on senescence and yield. A novel stem infusion technique using pediatric intravenous kits was developed to supply these nutrients throughout seed growth. An average of 48.4 milliliters per plant was successfully infused into lower stem internodes during a 4 to 6 week period. Senescence was unaffected by K or malate infusions, but was delayed by Pi infusions (up to 8 days) and by increased nutrient solution Pi levels (up to 21 days) in separate experiments. Treatments which delayed senescence also improved yield as much as 3-fold, due primarily to increased pod retention and secondarily to increased seed size. Met infusions further increased pod retention at the lower, infused nodes, and thus increased total plant yield also. The influence of higher Pi levels during reproductive growth on soybean pod retention and yield may have been the result of sustained sucrose export due to altered C partitioning in leaves. The role of Met in improving yield was not clear. However, these results clearly demonstrate the importance of adequate Pi for delaying senescence and improving pod retention and yield.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seeded growth of calcium phosphates: effect of different calcium phosphate seed material.

Seed crystals of OCP, TCP, and HAP are effective nucleators of DCPD in stable supersaturated solutions under conditions in which DCPD is the predominant phase. The crystals will grow with the second-order kinetics (TCa = 5.0 X 10(-3)M, Tp = 1.0 X 10(-2)M [pH, 5.60]) characteristic of DCPD. TCP is the least efficient, DCPD growth taking place only after an initial induction period. In all instances, the rate of DCPD crystallization is proportional to the square of the supersaturation with respect to DCPD, and the reaction is surface controlled. Scanning electron micrographs show an amorphous or microcrystalline precursor to the development of the characteristic platelets of DCPD. In stable supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions at a physiologic pH (TCa = 1.4 X 10(-3)M, Tp = 8.0 X 10(-4)M [pH, 7.40]), only OCP and HAP seed crystals are effective nucleators. The efficiency of OCP as a nucleator adds further evidence for its participation as a precursor in the precipitation of HAP under these conditions.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1994

Tissue-specific expression of an oat 12S seed globulin gene in developing tobacco seeds: differential mRNA and protein accumulation.

We studied the expression of the oat globulin gene asglo5 in developing transgenic tobacco seeds. The asglo5 gene promoter directed transcription in the endosperm as well as in the provascular tissue, the presumptive root tip and the shoot apical meristem of the embryo as revealed by GUS reporter gene constructs and in situ hybridization. However, immunological tissue printing detected the oat protein exclusively in the tobacco endosperm, suggesting that extensive post-transcriptional regulatory processes influence the expression of the monocot transgene in the dicot host.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Amino acid sequence of a crystalline seed albumin (winged bean albumin-1) from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Sequence similarity with Kunitz-type seed inhibitors and 7S storage globulins.

The complete amino acid sequence of winged bean albumin-1 (WBA-1) of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC has been determined. The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 175 amino acid residues, with one disulfide bond, corresponding to a molecular mass of 19333 Da. WBA-1 was found to be homologous with the Kunitz-type seed trypsin inhibitors. The similarity between WBA-1 and the trypsin inhibitors from soybean and winged bean was 38% and 28%, respectively; similarity was most marked in the C-terminal third of the sequence with identities of 47% and 37%, respectively. Significant similarity was found also between the 2S Kunitz-type proteins and the carboxy-terminal region of the 7S storage globulins, suggesting that these two groups of proteins are related and may have evolved from a common ancestral precursor. Circular dichroism measurements suggest a high content of beta sheet (52%) while secondary structure predictions based on amino acid sequence indicate a similar content and distribution of beta sheet to that found for soybean trypsin inhibitor by X-ray diffraction studies.

Albumins↗
PubMed1992

Physico-chemical composition and characterisation of the seed and seed oil of Sclerocarya birrea.

The physicochemical composition of Sclerocarya birrea was assessed by standard methods and was found to contain 11.0% Crude oil, 17.2% Carbohydrate, 36.70% Crude protein 3.4% fibre and 0.9% crude saponins. The fatty acid distribution in the seed oil was obtained by fractionating the volatised fatty acid by GC-MS. The oil is made up of nine fatty acids of which palmitic, stearic and arachidonic acids are the most dominant.

Fruit↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of ligand-protein interaction in plant seed thiamin-binding proteins. Probing the binding site of protein isolated from buckwheat seeds with a series of thiamin-related compounds.

Affinities of 14 thiamin derivatives or antagonists to a thiamin-binding protein isolated from buckwheat seeds were determined. A competitive displacement of radiolabeled thiamin by unlabeled ligand was analysed by a computerized model-fitting procedure. The dissociation constant of the thiamin-protein complex was 0.93 microM. Most modifications in ligand chemical structure weakened the ligand-protein interaction. A model of the thiamin-binding site is suggested. The hydroxyethyl-chain of thiamin while protein-bound appears to be excluded from the binding region. A positively charged quaternary nitrogen atom of the thiazolium ring probably interacts with some negative group(s) of protein. The rest of the thiazolium ring as well as the amino group of the pyrimidine fragment serve as additional anchors. The three structural features of the thiamin molecule accounting for binding contribute equally to overall binding energy by about 11-12 kJ/mol.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1996

Mechanism of ligand-protein interaction in plant seed thiamine-binding proteins. Preliminary chemical identification of amino acid residues essential for thiamine binding to the buckwheat-seed protein.

Thiamine-binding protein, isolated from buckwheat seeds, was chemically modified in an attempt to identify amino acid residues involved in protein-thiamine interaction. No evidence was found in support of specific roles of arginine residues, sulfhydryl groups, amino groups and tyrosine residues. Under carefully controlled reaction conditions (Tris pH 5-6), the modification with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide caused a complete loss of thiamine-binding capacity. Thus, the carboxyl groups seemed to be essential for binding, possibly for ionic interaction with protein-bound thiamine cation. A selective modification of histidine residues using diethylpyrocarbonate correlated with a loss of thiamine-binding capacity; the modification and the loss of binding capacity could be reversed with hydroxylamine; some ligand-protection against modification was observed. From Tsou analysis of diethylpyrocarbonate modification and resulting loss of thiamine-binding it was suggested that 1-2 of 20 histidine residues of the protein were essential for thiamine binding. The essential histidine(s) might be present in the binding site and possibly were involved in hydrogen bonding(s) with protein-bound thiamine molecule.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2006

Triterpene saponins with gastroprotective effects from tea seed (the seeds of Camellia sinensis).

Six new triterpene saponins, theasaponins A(1) (1), A(2) (2), A(3) (3), F(1) (4), F(2) (5), and F(3) (6), were isolated from the saponin fraction of the seeds of Camellia sinensis. The stereostructures of 1-6 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Theasaponin A(2) (2) showed an inhibitory effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg, p.o., and its activity was more potent than that of omeplazole. Structure-activity relationships for theasaponins on ethanol-induced gastroprotective activities may be suggested as follows: (1) the 28-acetyl moiety enhances activity; (2) theasaponins having a 23-aldehyde group exhibit more potent activities than those with a 23-hydroxymethyl group or a 23-methoxycarbonyl group.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The cDNA cloning of a pea (Pisum sativum) seed lipoxygenase. Sequence comparisons of the two major pea seed lipoxygenase isoforms.

Cloning and sequencing of two cDNAs from mRNA of maturing pea (Pisum sativum) seeds allowed the deduction of the complete amino acid sequence of a lipoxygenase polypeptide which is most similar to that of soya-bean lipoxygenase 2. The predicted Mr of this polypeptide is 97134, and its sequence permits comparisons between the lox2-type and the lox3-type lipoxygenase isoforms from pea and soya bean (Glycine max).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1971

Studies on seeds. I. Fixation of seeds.

Several fixation procedures were studied to determine those most suitable for preservation of seeds during late stages of development and early stages of germination. These are the periods when the tissues are partially dehydrated and are most difficult to fix for electron microscopy. It was found that a prefixation with a mixture of glutaraldehyde, reconstituted formaldehyde (i.e. paraformaldehyde), and acrolein, followed by a postfixation in OsO(4) or KMnO(4), gives very acceptable images. The results also indicate that glutaraldehyde is necessary for preservation of cell shape, paraformaldehyde for stabilization of reserve proteins, and acrolein for rapid penetration of tissues. Phosphate, cacodylate, and collidine are all acceptable buffers, although collidine gives the most consistent results.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed2004

Rapid accumulation of mutations during seed-to-seed propagation of mismatch-repair-defective Arabidopsis.

During the many cell divisions that precede formation of plant gametes, their apical-meristem and floral antecedents are continually exposed to endogenous and environmental mutagenic threats. Although some deleterious recessive mutations may be eliminated during growth of haploid gametophytes and functionally haploid early embryos ("haplosufficiency quality-checking"), the multiplicity of plant genome-maintenance systems suggests aggressive quality control during prior diploid growth. To test in Arabidopsis a hypothesis that prior mismatch repair (MMR) is paramount in defense of plant genetic fidelity, we propagated in parallel 36 MMR-defective (Atmsh2-1) and 36 wild-type lines. The Atmsh2-1 lines rapidly accumulated a wide variety of mutations: fifth-generation (G5) plants showed abnormalities in morphology and development, fertility, germination efficiency, seed/silique development, and seed set. Only two Atmsh2-1, but all 36 wild-type lines, appeared normal at G5. Analyses of insertion/deletion mutation at six repeat-sequence (microsatellite) loci showed each Atmsh2-1 line to have evolved its own "fingerprint," the results of as many as 10 microsatellite mutations in a single line. Thus, MMR during diploid growth is essential for plant genomic integrity.

Arabidopsis↗