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PubMed1993

Lack of antiandrogenic effects of topical bifonazole on sebaceous glands and hairs in the hamster flank organ.

The activity of topically applied bifonazole was evaluated in vivo in the three androgen-dependent structures of the hamster flank organ, i.e. the pigmented spot, sebaceous glands and hairs. Topical bifonazole in our experience did not demonstrate any morphological effect on sebaceous gland and hair even when applied in the dosage of 3 mg/cm2/day. On the basis of our morphometric results we can conclude that topically applied bifonazole does not interfere with cutaneous androgen metabolic transformations in the pilosebaceous unit of the flank organ.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Sebaceous glands changes following topical application of citral.

The long-lasting effect of a flavour cosmetic constituent on male rat skin was studied. Topical daily application of citral (15.4%) solution for 3 months produced an increase in the number of sebaceous gland lobules and hyperplasia of sebaceous cells in each gland. It is suggested that the mechanism of this hyperplasia might be activation of the testosterone 5 alpha-reductase which induces the formation of dihydrotestosterone, the mediator of sebaceous gland activity.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2005

Ectopic sebaceous glands in the vagina.

We report a case of ectopic sebaceous glands in the upper third of the posterior wall of the vagina of a 49-year-old woman. This is, to our knowledge, the first fully documented case report of their occurrence in the vagina. The review of the literature and possible embryologic origin are discussed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Isotretinoin treatment of severe acne affects the endogenous concentration of vitamin A in sebaceous glands.

An investigation of pooled skin samples from 22 acne patients has shown that isotretinoin and its major metabolite, 4-oxo-isotretinoin, can be detected in sebaceous glands during treatment with isotretinoin (1 mg/kg/d for 4 months). The levels are less than those in the epidermis, thus excluding selective drug distribution as a prime explanation for drug function. Oral isotretinoin markedly increases retinol levels and decreases dehydroretinol levels in the skin while on therapy. The effect is more pronounced in sebaceous glands than in epidermis and dermis. The increased retinol levels probably reflect a metabolic interference with endogenous vitamin A, since isotretinoin cannot be converted into retinol in vivo. Previous studies have shown that dehydroretinol accumulates in hyperproliferative, keratinizing skin lesions and so its reduction with isotretinoin therapy may relate to a reduction in cell proliferation or to dedifferentiation. However, the precise interrelationships of these observations need further elucidation.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Different genetic pathways in the development of periocular sebaceous gland carcinomas in presumptive Muir-Torre syndrome patients.

Periocular sebaceous gland carcinomas (SGCs) occur in the eyelids either sporadically or as a phenotypic feature of Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). In knockout mice mismatch-repair (MMR) defects or inactivation of the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene are associated with MTS-like signs, including SGC. To dissect the genetic alterations associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and inactivation of the FHIT gene, we studied nine periocular SGC specimens from MTS patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed for FHIT, MSH2, MLH1, and MSH6. We assessed MSI as well as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the FHIT locus with polymorphic markers and genomic multiplex PCR. Epigenetic silencing was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). Our analyses identified two SGCs with FHIT positivity and high-grade MSI, and seven cases with loss of FHIT and microsatellite stability (MSS). MSI correlated with loss of MSH2 and MLH1 immunostaining. Loss-of-function mechanisms affecting the FHIT gene were identified as intragenic deletions eliminating the coding exons 5 and 6 on one hand, and complete biallelic methylation of the FHIT transcription regulatory region on the other hand. Germinal FHIT mutations as a predisposing factor for MTS were excluded in two index patients with cancer in three generations, including an FHIT-negative SGC. Our data suggest that either somatic inactivation of the FHIT gene associated with MSS or inactivation of the MMR system resulting in MSI contribute to the development of periocular SGCs in presumptive MTS.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed2006

[Primary study on the culture of human fetal follicle bulge cells and their differentiation into sebaceous gland].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a rapid and reproducible method for the culture of human fetal hair follicle bulge cells, and observe the plasticity of its differentiation into sebaceous gland in vitro. METHODS: The bulge cells isolated from fetal human hair follicles by enzymatic digestion (digestion method) and manual microdissection (conventional method) were cultured and passaged respectively, the efficiency and biological features of cells were investigated , the clone forming efficiency was assayed by MTT, and the expression of K19 was further compared by immunocytochemistry (ABC). The morphological change and the expression of EMA of bulge cells were also observed after induction. RESULTS: By conventional method, 8-10 bulges were harvested in one hour, 40%-50% of their cells were found to adhere to the culture plate after culturing for 48h, and they became confluent after 14 days. In comparison, about 100 bulges were harvested in one hour by digestion method, the adherence efficiency of their cells was 30% after cultivation for 12h and became confluent after 7 days. The cells grew larger with time, with irregular shape and droplets of lipid around the nucleus. The clone forming efficiency of bulge cells cultured by digestion method was (18.2 +/- 2.1) %, which was much higher than that of cells obtained by conventional method[ (12.7 +/- 3.4) %, P < 0.05]. Immunocytochemistry staining showed that positive staining of K19 was observed in most of the bulge cells, with a large amount of brown granules in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Human hair follicle bulge cells can be efficiently cultured and multiplied in vitro, and they retained the characteristics of stem cells. And they have the potential to differentiate into sebaceous glands by induction in vitro.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Association of sebaceous gland tumors and internal malignancy: the Muir-Torre syndrome.

The Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by: (1) at least a single sebaceous gland tumor (either an adenoma, an epithelioma, or a carcinoma) and (2) a minimum of one internal malignancy. To date, 120 patients with MTS have been reported. The most commonly associated neoplasms were colorectal (51%) and genitourinary (25%). Unlike colorectal neoplasms in the general population, the majority (58%) of these tumors in MTS patients occurred proximal to or at the splenic flexure. Nearly half of the MTS patients had more than one primary malignancy. Cutaneous lesions occurred before or concurrent with the diagnosis of the initial cancer in 41% of these patients. The median age for the appearance of the skin lesions was 53 years (range, 23 to 89 years); the median age for the detection of the initial visceral neoplasm was 50 years (range, 23 to 81 years). The cancers appear to have an indolent course in many of the MTS patients; the median survival has not been reached and the median follow-up is 10+ years. Patients with an MTS-associated cutaneous lesion should have a complete evaluation for gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancers. Although the penetrance of this disease is variable, its autosomal dominant inheritance suggests that relatives should be examined for sebaceous gland tumors and internal malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of UV irradiation on the sebaceous gland and sebum secretion in hamsters.

BACKGROUND: Although an understanding of the photobiology of the skin has been extensively advanced recently, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on sebaceous glands is not well known. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the direct effect of UV radiation on cultured sebocytes from hamsters in vitro experimental system. Moreover, we examined whether UV-induced peroxidation of skin surface lipids may affect barrier function of horney layer. METHODS: We irradiated cultured sebocytes from hamsters, which have similar biological characteristics to the human sebocytes, with UV radiation. Moreover, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was examined after topical application of cholesterol or triglyceride (TG) and UV exposures on the back of hamsters. RESULTS: The number of sebocytes were increased significantly (120-140%) after 4 days as compared with the non-irradiated controls. Lipid production in sebocytes was also increased on day 7 in an irradiation-dependent manner up to 4.1 times of the pre-irradiated level. When UVB was irradiated to TG- or cholesterol-applied skin at the minimum ear-swelling dose, TEWL increased twice or more as compared with UVB irradiation to unapplied sites. When in vitro-irradiated TG, in vitro-irradiated cholesterol, TG-peroxide (TG-OOH), and cholesterol-peroxide (CHO-OOH) were applied to the skin, TEWL increased significantly. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that UVB may directly activate the functions of the sebaceous gland in vivo to produce increased amounts of sebum, which may undergo peroxidation by UV light and damage the barrier functions of the skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Diurnal fluctuations of cell kinetic parameters in the epidermis and the sebaceous gland of the hamster ear.

By using the colcemid method, the presence of a diurnal variation for the mitosis index was confirmed, showing a definite minimum during the night in the sebaceous gland of the Syrian hamster ear. Furthermore, the number of all labelled cells and the quotient "single-labelled 14C-cells + double-labelled cells/single-labelled 3H-cells" determined with double-labelling autoradiography ([3H] and [14C]thymidine) seem to be subject to rhythmic fluctuations, although statistical support for this observation is lacking. The parallelism of the rhythmic variations in the epidermis and in the sebaceous glands is striking.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Failure of benzoyl peroxide to decrease sebaceous gland secretion in acne.

10 male patients with inflammatory facial acne were treated for 6 weeks with a 10% benzoyl peroxide gel (PanOxyl-10) applied to the forehead. There was no significant mean change in sebaceous gland secretion after 4, 5, and 6 weeks of treatment. These findings are at variance with a previously published study which showed that 5% benzoyl peroxide gel inhibited sebaceous gland secretion. Conflicting results from the two studies may be due to differences in patient populations or, more likely, in technical factors, such as the methods used for sebum production, collection, and analysis.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1978

The measurement of histochemically-stained NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in the sebaceous glands of hairless hamster.

The effect of substrate, co-factor and Nitroblue Tetrazolium concentration on the production of formazan by the action of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase was studied in the sebaceous glands of the hairless hamster. The measurement (in average optical density units per unit area) of formazan in histochemically stained skin sections was carried out by television scanning microdensitometry (Quantimet 720D). Having established optimal conditions for this enzyme, a second study was carried out to determine the effect of different power objectives and wide-band wavelength light instead of white light on the average optical density per unit area, recorded by the instrument, of the formazan produced in a defined number of sebaceous glands in a single skin section. It was found that there was no difference in the average optical density per unit area recorded by the instrument at different power objectives and a peak value of average optical density per unit area could be obtained using a K4 or a K5 Balzer filter (550-650 nm).

Animals↗
PubMed1951

Histogenesis of sebaceous gland carcinomas produced in rats by 2-acetylaminofluorene.

1. Tumors of the external auditory canal region were produced by oral administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene in 71 rats out of 124 which survived a 6 month period of administration of the compound. In 12 animals the tumors were bilateral. Tumors in other locations, such as the liver, breast, etc., were less frequent. 2. Tumors were found to originate in the compound sebaceous gland located at the medial end of the external auditory canal. 3. Histologically the tumors were sebaceous or keratinizing squamous-cell carcinomas. 4. The tumors were found to arise in cystic lobules of the gland, produced by stasis of secretion. 5. Cystic lesions of the sebaceous glands appear to be a frequent condition in older rats. The outward bulging of the tympanic membrane with interference in drainage from the gland seems to be a promoting factor in the stasis of sebum. 6. The localizing effect of the preexisting cystic lesions in the sebaceous glands on the carcinogenic action of 2-acetylaminofluorene is discussed.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1994

Search for accumulation of p53 protein and detection of human papillomavirus genomes in sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid.

Twenty-one Japanese patients with sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid were investigated for tumour incorporation of human papillomavirus (HPV) types-6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and/or 33 DNA by in situ hybridization with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled DNA probes, and for p53 protein accumulation by immunohistochemical analysis with an antibody to p53 protein. Thirteen tumours (61.9%), including 9 cases of multiple infections, were positive for HPV DNA. Positive signal in the nucleus was observed not only in the cancer cells, but also in the cells of surrounding normal sebaceous glands and epidermis. Positive nuclear staining of cancer cells with the antibody to p53 protein was detected in 12 cases (57.1%). p53 protein accumulation was more frequently observed in the clinically advanced cases, occasionally in association with recurrence and/or metastasis. Among the 12 p53-positive cases, 7 were also positive for the presence of HPV DNA. HPV infections exist in a high percentage of sebaceous carcinomas of the eyelid in Japan; the overexpression of p53 protein may be important in both carcinogenesis and progression.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Defolliculated (dfl): a dominant mouse mutation leading to poor sebaceous gland differentiation and total elimination of pelage follicles.

Defolliculated is a novel spontaneous mouse mutation that maps to chromosome 11 close to the type I keratin locus. Histology shows abnormal differentiation of the sebaceous gland, with the sebocytes producing little or no sebum and undergoing abnormal cornification. The hair follicles fail to regress during catagen leading to abnormally long follicles. In contrast the hair shafts are shorter than normal, suggesting altered differentiation or proliferation of matrix cells during anagen. The shafts emerge from the follicle with cornified material still attached. The dermis contains increased numbers of immune cells, including T cells (CD4-positive), macrophages, and mast cells, at all time points examined. Complete elimination of all pelage and tail follicles occurs after two to three hair cycles, apparently by necrosis. Defolliculated may be a useful model for determining further functions of the sebaceous gland, and for understanding the regulation of catagen and hair follicle immunology.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1992

Sebaceous gland activity and urinary androgen levels in children.

Sebum and 24-h urine samples were collected from 17 children, aged 10-17 years. Wax ester (WE) secretion rates were measured as the index for sebaceous gland activity. The fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. Urinary testosterone as well as 17-ketosteroids (androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and etiocholanolone) were separated from the urine samples and analyzed by gas chromatography. WE secretion rates increased with age and there were correlated changes in the monounsaturated fatty acids of WEs. Straight chain types such as 14:1 and 16:1 tended to increase, while 18:1 tended to decrease. There was a negative correlation between iso even fatty acids and WE secretion rates. However the other chain types such as straight odd, iso odd and anteiso odd showed no statistically significant change in relation to WE secretion rates. WE secretion rates were correlated positively with testosterone levels in both sexes, with DHEA in males, and with etiocholanolone in females. The results suggest that sebaceous gland activity is stimulated by adrenocortical androgens in prepuberty, in addition to the strong effect of testosterone during puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the vulva: a case report.

A unique case of sebaceous gland hyperplasia presenting as polypoid lesions on the vulva of a 32-year-old white woman is reported. Sebaceous hyperplasia is a benign condition most frequently seen on the forehead of elderly patients. The reported case presented with three soft, nontender polypoid lesions located on mons veneris and right labium majus. Histological examination showed hyperplastic sebaceous lobules not associated with hair follicles. The extremely rare site of the lesion, the clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis, and a therapeutical approach are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A morphometric analysis of the changes with age in the skin surface wax and the sebaceous gland area of Merino sheep.

Skin samples were collected from the midside of Merino ewes at 6 weeks, one year, and 3 years of age. The thickness of the surface wax and the number and area of sebaceous glands per unit length of skin were measured with an image analyser. Three-year-old sheep had a significantly (P less than .05) thicker skin surface wax layer, (14.45 mu +/- 1.45), than they did as lambs, (7.85 mu +/- 0.88). Both the number (2.91 +/- 0.15 per mm) and area (24.27 mu2/mu +/- 1.54) of sebaceous glands per unit length of skin of 3-year-old sheep were significantly less than in lambs, which measured 4.10 +/- 0.15 per mm and 39.30 +/- 4.14 mu2/mu respectively and one-year-old sheep, which measured 3.99 +/- 0.21 per mm and 35.43 mu2/mu +/- 3.65 respectively.

Aging↗