Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Sacrum”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Spontaneous fracture of the sacrum due to "insufficiency". An overlooked cause of low lumbago in elderly women].

A case of insufficiency fracture of the sacrum is reported. These fractures usually occur in elderly women and are secondary to various conditions, mainly postmenopausal or steroid-induced osteoporosis and radiation therapy. They are often overlooked or confused clinically and radiographically with metastatic disease. Findings on plain films are often subtle. Radionuclide bone scan shows a characteristic H or butterfly shaped pattern of increased uptake in the sacral alae. The diagnosis is confirmed by conventional tomograms or CT which show the fracture always surrounded by prominent sclerosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Giant-cell tumour of the sacrum in a child.

Giant-cell tumours rarely are seen in children before epiphyseal fusion occurs and such tumours in the spine are uncommon. The authors report the case of a giant-cell tumour of the sacrum that developed in a 12-year-old girl before epiphyseal fusion. Embolization with activated microfibrillar collagen relieved her symptoms and was carried out twice before progression of the tumour necessitated radiotherapy. Giant-cell tumours of the spine are particularly difficult to manage since the accepted treatment for such tumours at other sites is wide resection, excisional curettage or surgical curettage with chemical cautery. However, embolization alone or combined with other methods of treatment is valuable, particularly in non-resectable giant-cell tumours of the spine.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement over the sacrum on various anti-decubitus mattresses.

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) was measured over the sacrum of 12 healthy, normal-weight volunteers positioned on five different mattresses. TcPO2 was lower (p less than 0.01) in those on a standard hospital mattress (median 0 mmHg), than in those on a sheep skin (median 22 mmHg), water mattress (median 33.5 mmHg), Spenco mattress (median 52.5 mmHg) or ripple air mattress (median 0/62 mmHg). The tcPO2 for the Spenco mattress was higher (p less than 0.01) than for sheep skin and for the water mattress. No significant difference was found in tcPO2 for the latter two named above. TcPO2 for the ripple air mattress alternated between 0, when inflated under the oxygen sensor, to about full oxygenation, when deflated. We believe that the ripple air mattress theoretically is the best mattress to prevent decubitus ulcers, but due to frequent mechanical failure of pump or mattress, the Spenco mattress is perhaps the best for practical use. Clinical comparative studies will be necessary to confirm that.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Surgical treatment of primary tumors of the sacrum.

Fifty-four patients were surgically treated for primary tumors of the sacrum. The ratio of men to women was 2:1, and most patients were from 30-50 years of age. Nearly half the tumors were chordomas, and the others were mostly giant cell tumors and neurofibromas. Proven malignancy was present in less than 10%. The operative and postoperative mortality was 11%, wound infection 11%, delayed wound healing 11%, and the immediate success rate 89%. A follow-up study of 33 cases for more than two years showed that 25 patients were living and well, providing a survival rate of 75.7%. Except for malignant tumors, preservation of upper sacral nerve roots was possible and necessary in the majority of low grade and benign tumors. Ligation of both internal iliac arteries and a temporary block of the common iliac arteries or aorta minimized bleeding. Injury to veins must be carefully avoided. Postoperative X-ray treatment appeared helpful in reducing recurrences, especially in upper sacral tumors where nerve root compression had to be relieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

How the sacrum got its name.

The os sacrum (sacred bone) was so named by the Romans as a direct translation from the older Greek hieron osteon. Explanations of the attribute "sacred" or "holy" in the past have included misinterpretation of the Greek word hieron, use of the bone in sacrificial rites, the role of the bone in protecting the genitalia (themselves considered sacred), and the necessity for the intactness of this bone as a nidus for resurrection at the Day of Judgment. A more plausible explanation may be that the holiness of the sacral bone was an attribute borrowed from the ancient Egyptians, who considered this bone sacred to Osiris, the god of resurrection and of agriculture.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1987

[Occult fractures of the sacrum in aged osteoporotic patients].

We are reporting 4 cases of unnoticed sacral fractures in osteoporotic women. Their mean age was 73 years. Only in one case the fracture was seen on a standard X-Ray. On the other hand, hyperfixation with isotopes on the sacrum formed a very characteristic H-shaped image. In two of these patients, the sacral fracture was confirmed by tomodensitometry, but this examination was unavailing in the third patient. In the 4th case, hyperfixation of the isotope was not significant. Only a guided bone biopsy and the favorable evolution of the disease enabled the diagnosis of sacral fracture.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fractures caused by bony insufficiency of the sacrum. Clinical, radiographic, scintigraphic and x-ray computed tomographic symptomatology].

Fracture of sacrum due to bone deficiency is not a rare lesion and must be considered as a possible differential diagnosis of unexplained pelvic region pain. The various clinical semeiology elements are discussed in relation of 20 cases, together with circumstances of onset, enabling definition of a population at risk: elderly women with a bone metabolic disorder and/or a congenital or acquired architectural anomaly. Radiographic, scintigraphic and CT scan images are sufficiently characteristic for these non-invasive exploratory procedures to provide an exact diagnosis and the possibility of early treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Giant-cell tumor of the sacrum. Clinical and radiologic features in 13 patients.

Thirteen patients were found to have giant-cell tumors during a study of 91 primary tumors of the sacrum. This tumor was second only to the chordoma in incidence. Giant-cell tumor is by far the commonest benign lesion of the sarcrum, yet it has a bad prognosis. Recurrences occurred in seven patients and five died of disease or a complication. All were histologically benign when first seen, but one developed a malignant giant-cell tumor and died within two years, and one developed a radiation-induced sarcoma 10 years following treatment. Computed tomography in two recent patients proved to be the most valuable single examination. Arteriography is helpful in showing the degree of vascularity of the tumor and the exact position of the large vessels, particularly important when surgical resection is planned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Agenesis and dysgenesis of the os sacrum and the os coccygis: a contribution (author's transl)].

Agenesis and/or dysgenesis of the os sacrum and os coccygis is reported in seven children (4 boys and 3 girls between the ages of 2 and 15). Two of the children had diabetic mothers. The cause may be hereditary or even exogenous (vitamin A deficiency, O (2) deficiency, maternal toxoplasmosis, maternal diabetes). Our cases were compared with 160 cases presented in the literature. The symptomatic therapy, which must be determined on the basis of neurologic, muscular, and urologic findings, is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Problems of differentiating sacral fractures and fissure formations in the sacrum].

It is shown on the basis of two observations that computed tomography represents a valuable additional means to clarify the diagnosis of congenital and traumatic changes in the pelvis, especially the sacrum and vertebral column. The article explains the differential diagnosis between congenital fissures of the pelvic arch and fractures by means of computed tomography. This is illustrated with the help of x-ray morphologic criteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Fractures of the sacrum with neurologic complications. A case].

The fractures of sacrum are rare and the literature is poor on their etiopathological aspects and possible complications. According to a sacral transverse fracture with neurological complications by epidural hematoma we analyze the different mechanisms to obtain this one.

Fecal Incontinence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cribriform fossa of the sacrum. A source of abusive interpretation of osteolysis].

A number of X-ray pictures have been taken of a 29 years old man suffering from low back pains. The profile negative of these pictures imply an erosion on the forewall of the sacral canal, which is similar to a tumor destruction. The tomography refutes any bone destruction. On the contrary, it proves that there are some very deep riddled fossae of the sacrum, a frequent anatomic variant.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Fatigue fracture of the sacrum in a child.

The authors describe a 9-year-old girl with stress fracture of the sacrum. Such fractures can cause low-back or hip pain in children but may not be evident on plain films. The appearance on scintigraphy is not diagnostic. Likewise, the findings on magnetic resonance imaging may be nonspecific or confusing, because changes in signal intensity in the marrow may not be sufficient to distinguish infection or malignancy from healing of the fracture. Computed tomography can be more specific in delineating a sclerotic fracture oriented parallel to the sacroiliac joint. Recognition of the characteristic radiographic findings in sacral fatigue fractures can prevent incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary diagnostic procedures or treatments.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Aneurysmal cyst of the sacrum. Apropos of a case].

The authors report a case of aneurysmal bone cyst in a female, revealed by a pelvic mass. Ultrasonography visualised the pelvic mass, its fluid content, internal septations and fluid level and displacement of surrounding structures. Sacral plain radiographs and computed tomography images showed trabeculated osteolysis involving the sacrum, sacro-iliac joint and adjacent iliac wing. The endopelvic component had a liquid-density varying between 15 and 30 HU, with contrast enhancement of its wall and internal septations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Therapy of unstable sacrum fractures in pelvic ring. Results of of osteosynthesis with early mobilization].

Eight patients with sacrum fractures combined with pelvic ring fractures type C were treated using a triangular osteosynthesis after reduction of the fracture. The additional vertical stabilization between the lumbar spine and the posterior iliac crest caused the stability, which is necessary for immediate mobilization of patients. Perfect reduction, correct positioning of the hardware, gentle soft tissue treatment, as well as early mobilization of the patient, increases the early and late prognosis considerably, and compensates the operative trauma completely. We observed no infections or redislocations. The described operative treatment is state of the art at our institution.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between body weight, body position, support surface, and tissue interface pressure at the sacrum.

This descriptive, comparative study examined the relationship between three body positions, body weight, and tissue interface pressure measurement on three support surfaces among residents who were 65 years of age or older. The support surfaces included the Sof. Care bed cushion, Biogard foam mattress, and hospital mattress. Subjects included 12 ideal body-weight and six less-than-ideal body-weight individuals from a long-term care facility in a Mid-western state. Results indicated no significant difference in sacral tissue interface difference between ideal body weight and less-than-ideal body weight subjects. However, the sacral measurements were significantly greater in the supine position than those taken in the Fowler's and semi-Fowler's positions. A significant interaction was found between position and support surface with subjects in Fowler and semi-Fowler positions on the Sof. Care Surface exhibiting the lowest mean tissue interface pressure at the sacrum.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Giant cell tumor of the sacrum.

Twenty-six patients (18 women and eight men) with giant cell tumors of the sacrum were treated from 1960 through 1986. The mean age of the patients was 29 years. The follow-up duration averaged 7.8 years. A neurologic deficit was present in 88%. Sixteen patients had not had a previous operation. Ten patients were referred for local recurrence. Twenty-one patients had radiation therapy; malignant transformation later occurred in three. Three benign giant cell tumors metastasized to the lungs. The local recurrence rate for patients treated by curettage was 33%. Three patients died of tumor-related complications. At the completion of this study, two patients were alive with disease. The suggested initial treatment is complete curettage. Radiation therapy should be reserved for incomplete resection and local recurrence. Occasionally, patients may require wide resection, which may cause a severe neurologic deficit and compromise spinal stability.

Adolescent↗